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Bangladesh at Fifty: Moving Beyond Development Traps

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteilige Person:	Mujeri, Mustafa K. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Elektronisch E-Book
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Cham Springer International Publishing AG 2020
Schriftenreihe:	Palgrave Studies in Economic History Ser
Schlagwörter:	Economic development-Bangladesh
Beschreibung:	Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
Umfang:	1 Online-Ressource (588 Seiten)
ISBN:	9783030567910

Internformat

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505	8		\|a Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Beginning: A War Ravaged Economy -- 1.2 Pathway to Development: Exceptions and Innovations -- 1.3 A Unique Neo-liberal Development Model -- 1.4 Dynamics of 'Development Traps' -- 1.5 Explaining Bangladesh's Development -- 1.6 Uniqueness of Structural Transformation -- 1.7 Bangladesh's Development: A South Asian Perspective -- 1.7.1 Growth Dynamics of South Asia -- 1.7.2 Social Development Performance -- 1.8 Structure of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: General Growth Performance -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Economy before Independence -- 2.2.1 Economic Policies and Regional Disparities, 1947-1970 -- 2.2.2 Disparities in Social Indicators, 1947-1970 -- 2.3 Growth of GDP and GDP per Capita -- 2.3.1 GDP: Distribution by Uses -- 2.3.2 GDP: Distribution by Industrial Origin -- 2.3.3 Savings and Capital Formation -- 2.4 Economic Growth and Structural Change -- 2.4.1 Structural Changes in the Bangladesh Economy -- 2.4.1.1 Post-Independence Economic Growth: Breaks and Turning Points -- 2.4.1.2 Dominant Changes in Economic Structure -- 2.4.2 Implications of Services Sector-Led Growth -- 2.4.3 GDP Growth and Occupational Structure -- 2.5 Economic Reforms and Growth Policies -- 2.5.1 Economic Policy and Planning -- 2.5.2 Context and Determinants of Economic Reforms -- 2.6 Policy-Based Periodisation of Growth -- 2.6.1 Reconstruction and Recovery Amidst Political Turbulence, 1972-1982 -- 2.6.2 Slow Growth and Rising Macro Instability, 1983-1990 -- 2.6.3 Crisis-Driven Reforms and Favourable Initial State, 1991-1996 -- 2.6.4 Rising Growth and Social Development, 1997-2008 -- 2.6.5 Consolidating and Enhancing Growth, 2009-2019 -- 2.6.6 Growth Impact of Reforms -- 2.7 Long-Term Growth Dynamics: Total Factor Productivity
505	8		\|a 2.8 Bangladesh's Long-Term Economic Growth -- 2.8.1 Key Issues in Long-Term Growth -- 2.8.2 Moving beyond Middle Income Trap -- 2.8.3 Bangladesh's Agricultural Modernisation Model: Sequencing of Chemicalisation and Mechanisation -- 2.8.4 Bangladesh's Urbanisation: A 'Production Cities' Approach -- 2.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Poverty and Inequality -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Conceptualising Poverty and Inequality -- 3.2.1 Aspects of Inequality -- 3.3 Measuring Poverty and Inequality in Bangladesh -- 3.3.1 Trends in Poverty -- 3.3.2 Poverty in Bangladesh: A South Asian perspective -- 3.3.3 Future of Poverty in Bangladesh -- 3.4 Trends in Inequality -- 3.4.1 Social Inequalities -- 3.5 Poverty Assessment -- 3.5.1 Economic Growth and Poverty -- 3.5.2 Changes in Rural-Urban and Regional Poverty -- 3.5.3 Proximate Determinants of Poverty Trends -- 3.5.4 Microfinance and Poverty Reduction -- 3.6 Poverty and Inequality Reduction Policy -- 3.6.1 Constraints to Poverty Reduction -- 3.6.2 Policy Priorities -- 3.6.2.1 Create Decent and Well-Paid Jobs -- 3.6.2.2 Increase Productivity, Especially in Agriculture -- 3.6.2.3 Ensure Skills for the 21st Century Economy -- 3.6.2.4 Invest in Health and Nutrition -- 3.6.2.5 Help Manage Risks and Vulnerability -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 4: Human and Social Development -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Bangladesh's Social Development Agenda -- 4.2.1 Social Context in Bangladesh -- 4.2.2 Leave No One Behind -- 4.3 Progress in Education -- 4.3.1 Education in Bangladesh: A Progress Report -- 4.3.1.1 Structure of the Education System -- 4.3.1.2 Literacy -- 4.3.1.3 Primary Education -- 4.3.1.4 Secondary Education -- 4.3.1.5 Higher Education -- 4.3.2 Status of Vulnerable Groups -- 4.3.2.1 Spatial Disparity -- 4.3.2.2 Disparity by Household's Poverty Status
505	8		\|a 4.3.2.3 Poverty and School Enrolment -- 4.3.2.4 Public Expenditure and Education -- 4.3.2.5 Public Expenditure Policy -- 4.3.3 Education Policies and Strategies -- 4.3.3.1 Education and Child Labour -- 4.3.3.2 Assessment of Educational Policies -- 4.3.4 Conclusions -- 4.4 Progress in Health and Nutrition -- 4.4.1 Healthcare System in Bangladesh -- 4.4.1.1 Policies and Programmes in Health Sector -- 4.4.1.2 The Drug Policy -- 4.4.1.3 Immunisation -- 4.4.1.4 Healthcare Industry Ecosystem -- 4.4.1.5 Primary HealthCare -- 4.4.1.6 Medical Education -- 4.4.1.7 Nursing Services -- 4.4.1.8 Growth in Health Infrastructure -- 4.4.1.9 Private Sector Health Services -- 4.4.1.10 Diagnostic Centres -- 4.4.1.11 NGOs and Professional Groups -- 4.4.1.12 Availability of Health Personnel -- 4.4.2 Healthcare Expenditure -- 4.4.2.1 Structural Shift in Health Spending -- 4.4.2.2 Out-of-pocket Payments -- 4.4.3 Progress in Health Status -- 4.4.3.1 Trends in Health and Nutritional Status -- 4.4.3.2 Nutrition -- 4.4.4 Gender Dimension in Health Status -- 4.4.4.1 Gender Disparity in Nutritional Status -- 4.4.4.2 Maternal Mortality -- 4.4.4.3 Assessment of Progress -- 4.4.4.4 Equity in Healthcare Services -- 4.4.5 Issues in Healthcare Services -- 4.4.6 Conclusions -- 4.5 Women Empowerment -- 4.5.1 Conceptual Issues in Empowerment -- 4.5.2 Women in Bangladesh -- 4.5.2.1 Education -- 4.5.2.2 Violence Against Women -- 4.5.2.3 Women in Different Occupations -- 4.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Creating Opportunities -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Delta Plan 2100 and Vision 2041 -- 5.2.1 The Vision 2041 -- 5.3 Narrowing Development Gaps: The Role of Technology -- 5.3.1 Technological Change Processes -- 5.3.2 R&amp -- D Intensity and Technology Adoption -- 5.3.3 Knowledge Development and ICT -- 5.3.4 Innovations in Agriculture
505	8		\|a 5.4 Vision for Microenterprises -- 5.5 Harnessing Globalisation Opportunities -- 5.5.1 Participation in Global Value Chains -- 5.6 Expanding Fiscal and Policy Space -- 5.6.1 Employment and Labour Market Policies: An Illustration -- 5.7 Fighting 'Crony Capitalism' -- 5.8 Harnessing the Middle Class Dynamism -- 5.9 Mobilising Resources for Development -- 5.9.1 Extending and Enlarging the Fiscal Space -- 5.10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6: Creating Jobs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Population Dynamics in Bangladesh -- 6.1.2 Key Demographic Issues -- 6.2 Labour Force in Bangladesh -- 6.2.1 Labour Force Growth in Bangladesh -- 6.2.2 Employed Population by Employment Status and Sector -- 6.2.3 Labour Force and Education -- 6.2.4 Unemployment and Underemployment -- 6.2.5 Level of Underemployment -- 6.3 Informal Sector Employment -- 6.3.1 Skill Development in the Informal Sector -- 6.3.2 Issues and Challenges -- 6.4 Gender Wage Gap in Labour Market -- 6.5 Incidence of Child Labour -- 6.5.1 Eradication of Child Labour -- 6.6 Issues in Youth Employment -- 6.6.1 Youth Employment in Bangladesh -- 6.6.2 Youth Employment Challenges -- 6.6.3 Youth Employment Policy Agenda -- 6.6.3.1 Comprehensive Youth Employment Strategies -- 6.6.3.2 Entrepreneurship Promotion -- 6.6.3.3 Public Work Programmes -- 6.6.3.4 Skill Development -- 6.6.3.5 Labour Market Information -- 6.6.3.6 Regulatory Framework -- 6.6.3.7 Knowledge Gaps -- 6.7 Rural Employment Strategy -- 6.8 Future Labour Force: Issues and Challenges -- 6.8.1 Labour Demand in the Knowledge Economy -- 6.8.2 Early Childhood Development -- 6.8.3 Child Health and Nutrition -- 6.8.4 Policy Implications -- 6.9 Overseas Employment -- 6.9.1 Future Prospects -- 6.9.2 Matching Skill Composition of Migrant Workers -- 6.10 Concluding Remarks -- References
505	8		\|a Chapter 7: Social and Climate Change Vulnerability -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Social Vulnerability in Bangladesh: Challenges and Practices -- 7.3 Environmental Vulnerability -- 7.3.1 Environmental Risk Analysis -- 7.3.1.1 Environmental Health Risks -- 7.3.1.2 Environmental Quality of Dhaka City -- 7.3.1.3 Depletion of Natural Resources -- 7.3.2 Environmental Governance -- 7.3.3 Environmental Policies -- 7.4 Climate Change and Social Vulnerability -- 7.4.1 Climate Change and Sea Level Rise -- 7.4.2 Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability -- 7.4.2.1 Northwest Region -- 7.4.2.2 Coastal Region -- 7.4.2.3 Central Region -- 7.4.2.4 Northeast Region -- 7.4.3 Climate Change Adaptation -- 7.5 Urbanisation and Social Vulnerability -- 7.5.1 Urbanisation in Bangladesh -- 7.5.2 Migration and Urbanisation -- 7.5.3 The Economics of Agglomeration -- 7.5.3.1 Urbanisation and Economic Growth -- 7.5.3.2 Influencing Deconcentration -- 7.5.4 Issues in Social Vulnerability -- 7.5.4.1 Slum Dynamics -- 7.5.4.2 Urbanisation and Health -- 7.5.4.3 Malnutrition -- 7.5.4.4 Environmental Pollution -- 7.5.4.5 Traffic Congestion -- 7.5.4.6 Urban Violence -- 7.5.4.7 Climate Change -- 7.5.5 Constraints to Orderly Urbanisation -- 7.5.6 Urban Vulnerabilities: Building 'slum resilience' -- 7.5.7 Policy Priorities -- 7.6 Social Protection in Bangladesh -- 7.6.1 Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) and Social Pension -- 7.6.2 Issues and Challenges -- 7.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8: Institutions for Development -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Role of Institutions in Development -- 8.3 Institutional Reforms: Bangladesh Experience -- 8.4 Land Reforms and Property Rights -- 8.4.1 Land and Tenancy Reforms in Bangladesh -- 8.4.1.1 Existing Pattern of Land Tenure and Land Distribution -- 8.4.2 Contract Farming: Implications for Small Farmers
505	8		\|a 8.4.3 Policy Implications
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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author	Mujeri, Mustafa K.
author_facet	Mujeri, Mustafa K.
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contents	Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Beginning: A War Ravaged Economy -- 1.2 Pathway to Development: Exceptions and Innovations -- 1.3 A Unique Neo-liberal Development Model -- 1.4 Dynamics of 'Development Traps' -- 1.5 Explaining Bangladesh's Development -- 1.6 Uniqueness of Structural Transformation -- 1.7 Bangladesh's Development: A South Asian Perspective -- 1.7.1 Growth Dynamics of South Asia -- 1.7.2 Social Development Performance -- 1.8 Structure of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: General Growth Performance -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Economy before Independence -- 2.2.1 Economic Policies and Regional Disparities, 1947-1970 -- 2.2.2 Disparities in Social Indicators, 1947-1970 -- 2.3 Growth of GDP and GDP per Capita -- 2.3.1 GDP: Distribution by Uses -- 2.3.2 GDP: Distribution by Industrial Origin -- 2.3.3 Savings and Capital Formation -- 2.4 Economic Growth and Structural Change -- 2.4.1 Structural Changes in the Bangladesh Economy -- 2.4.1.1 Post-Independence Economic Growth: Breaks and Turning Points -- 2.4.1.2 Dominant Changes in Economic Structure -- 2.4.2 Implications of Services Sector-Led Growth -- 2.4.3 GDP Growth and Occupational Structure -- 2.5 Economic Reforms and Growth Policies -- 2.5.1 Economic Policy and Planning -- 2.5.2 Context and Determinants of Economic Reforms -- 2.6 Policy-Based Periodisation of Growth -- 2.6.1 Reconstruction and Recovery Amidst Political Turbulence, 1972-1982 -- 2.6.2 Slow Growth and Rising Macro Instability, 1983-1990 -- 2.6.3 Crisis-Driven Reforms and Favourable Initial State, 1991-1996 -- 2.6.4 Rising Growth and Social Development, 1997-2008 -- 2.6.5 Consolidating and Enhancing Growth, 2009-2019 -- 2.6.6 Growth Impact of Reforms -- 2.7 Long-Term Growth Dynamics: Total Factor Productivity 2.8 Bangladesh's Long-Term Economic Growth -- 2.8.1 Key Issues in Long-Term Growth -- 2.8.2 Moving beyond Middle Income Trap -- 2.8.3 Bangladesh's Agricultural Modernisation Model: Sequencing of Chemicalisation and Mechanisation -- 2.8.4 Bangladesh's Urbanisation: A 'Production Cities' Approach -- 2.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Poverty and Inequality -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Conceptualising Poverty and Inequality -- 3.2.1 Aspects of Inequality -- 3.3 Measuring Poverty and Inequality in Bangladesh -- 3.3.1 Trends in Poverty -- 3.3.2 Poverty in Bangladesh: A South Asian perspective -- 3.3.3 Future of Poverty in Bangladesh -- 3.4 Trends in Inequality -- 3.4.1 Social Inequalities -- 3.5 Poverty Assessment -- 3.5.1 Economic Growth and Poverty -- 3.5.2 Changes in Rural-Urban and Regional Poverty -- 3.5.3 Proximate Determinants of Poverty Trends -- 3.5.4 Microfinance and Poverty Reduction -- 3.6 Poverty and Inequality Reduction Policy -- 3.6.1 Constraints to Poverty Reduction -- 3.6.2 Policy Priorities -- 3.6.2.1 Create Decent and Well-Paid Jobs -- 3.6.2.2 Increase Productivity, Especially in Agriculture -- 3.6.2.3 Ensure Skills for the 21st Century Economy -- 3.6.2.4 Invest in Health and Nutrition -- 3.6.2.5 Help Manage Risks and Vulnerability -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 4: Human and Social Development -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Bangladesh's Social Development Agenda -- 4.2.1 Social Context in Bangladesh -- 4.2.2 Leave No One Behind -- 4.3 Progress in Education -- 4.3.1 Education in Bangladesh: A Progress Report -- 4.3.1.1 Structure of the Education System -- 4.3.1.2 Literacy -- 4.3.1.3 Primary Education -- 4.3.1.4 Secondary Education -- 4.3.1.5 Higher Education -- 4.3.2 Status of Vulnerable Groups -- 4.3.2.1 Spatial Disparity -- 4.3.2.2 Disparity by Household's Poverty Status 4.3.2.3 Poverty and School Enrolment -- 4.3.2.4 Public Expenditure and Education -- 4.3.2.5 Public Expenditure Policy -- 4.3.3 Education Policies and Strategies -- 4.3.3.1 Education and Child Labour -- 4.3.3.2 Assessment of Educational Policies -- 4.3.4 Conclusions -- 4.4 Progress in Health and Nutrition -- 4.4.1 Healthcare System in Bangladesh -- 4.4.1.1 Policies and Programmes in Health Sector -- 4.4.1.2 The Drug Policy -- 4.4.1.3 Immunisation -- 4.4.1.4 Healthcare Industry Ecosystem -- 4.4.1.5 Primary HealthCare -- 4.4.1.6 Medical Education -- 4.4.1.7 Nursing Services -- 4.4.1.8 Growth in Health Infrastructure -- 4.4.1.9 Private Sector Health Services -- 4.4.1.10 Diagnostic Centres -- 4.4.1.11 NGOs and Professional Groups -- 4.4.1.12 Availability of Health Personnel -- 4.4.2 Healthcare Expenditure -- 4.4.2.1 Structural Shift in Health Spending -- 4.4.2.2 Out-of-pocket Payments -- 4.4.3 Progress in Health Status -- 4.4.3.1 Trends in Health and Nutritional Status -- 4.4.3.2 Nutrition -- 4.4.4 Gender Dimension in Health Status -- 4.4.4.1 Gender Disparity in Nutritional Status -- 4.4.4.2 Maternal Mortality -- 4.4.4.3 Assessment of Progress -- 4.4.4.4 Equity in Healthcare Services -- 4.4.5 Issues in Healthcare Services -- 4.4.6 Conclusions -- 4.5 Women Empowerment -- 4.5.1 Conceptual Issues in Empowerment -- 4.5.2 Women in Bangladesh -- 4.5.2.1 Education -- 4.5.2.2 Violence Against Women -- 4.5.2.3 Women in Different Occupations -- 4.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Creating Opportunities -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Delta Plan 2100 and Vision 2041 -- 5.2.1 The Vision 2041 -- 5.3 Narrowing Development Gaps: The Role of Technology -- 5.3.1 Technological Change Processes -- 5.3.2 R&amp -- D Intensity and Technology Adoption -- 5.3.3 Knowledge Development and ICT -- 5.3.4 Innovations in Agriculture 5.4 Vision for Microenterprises -- 5.5 Harnessing Globalisation Opportunities -- 5.5.1 Participation in Global Value Chains -- 5.6 Expanding Fiscal and Policy Space -- 5.6.1 Employment and Labour Market Policies: An Illustration -- 5.7 Fighting 'Crony Capitalism' -- 5.8 Harnessing the Middle Class Dynamism -- 5.9 Mobilising Resources for Development -- 5.9.1 Extending and Enlarging the Fiscal Space -- 5.10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6: Creating Jobs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Population Dynamics in Bangladesh -- 6.1.2 Key Demographic Issues -- 6.2 Labour Force in Bangladesh -- 6.2.1 Labour Force Growth in Bangladesh -- 6.2.2 Employed Population by Employment Status and Sector -- 6.2.3 Labour Force and Education -- 6.2.4 Unemployment and Underemployment -- 6.2.5 Level of Underemployment -- 6.3 Informal Sector Employment -- 6.3.1 Skill Development in the Informal Sector -- 6.3.2 Issues and Challenges -- 6.4 Gender Wage Gap in Labour Market -- 6.5 Incidence of Child Labour -- 6.5.1 Eradication of Child Labour -- 6.6 Issues in Youth Employment -- 6.6.1 Youth Employment in Bangladesh -- 6.6.2 Youth Employment Challenges -- 6.6.3 Youth Employment Policy Agenda -- 6.6.3.1 Comprehensive Youth Employment Strategies -- 6.6.3.2 Entrepreneurship Promotion -- 6.6.3.3 Public Work Programmes -- 6.6.3.4 Skill Development -- 6.6.3.5 Labour Market Information -- 6.6.3.6 Regulatory Framework -- 6.6.3.7 Knowledge Gaps -- 6.7 Rural Employment Strategy -- 6.8 Future Labour Force: Issues and Challenges -- 6.8.1 Labour Demand in the Knowledge Economy -- 6.8.2 Early Childhood Development -- 6.8.3 Child Health and Nutrition -- 6.8.4 Policy Implications -- 6.9 Overseas Employment -- 6.9.1 Future Prospects -- 6.9.2 Matching Skill Composition of Migrant Workers -- 6.10 Concluding Remarks -- References Chapter 7: Social and Climate Change Vulnerability -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Social Vulnerability in Bangladesh: Challenges and Practices -- 7.3 Environmental Vulnerability -- 7.3.1 Environmental Risk Analysis -- 7.3.1.1 Environmental Health Risks -- 7.3.1.2 Environmental Quality of Dhaka City -- 7.3.1.3 Depletion of Natural Resources -- 7.3.2 Environmental Governance -- 7.3.3 Environmental Policies -- 7.4 Climate Change and Social Vulnerability -- 7.4.1 Climate Change and Sea Level Rise -- 7.4.2 Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability -- 7.4.2.1 Northwest Region -- 7.4.2.2 Coastal Region -- 7.4.2.3 Central Region -- 7.4.2.4 Northeast Region -- 7.4.3 Climate Change Adaptation -- 7.5 Urbanisation and Social Vulnerability -- 7.5.1 Urbanisation in Bangladesh -- 7.5.2 Migration and Urbanisation -- 7.5.3 The Economics of Agglomeration -- 7.5.3.1 Urbanisation and Economic Growth -- 7.5.3.2 Influencing Deconcentration -- 7.5.4 Issues in Social Vulnerability -- 7.5.4.1 Slum Dynamics -- 7.5.4.2 Urbanisation and Health -- 7.5.4.3 Malnutrition -- 7.5.4.4 Environmental Pollution -- 7.5.4.5 Traffic Congestion -- 7.5.4.6 Urban Violence -- 7.5.4.7 Climate Change -- 7.5.5 Constraints to Orderly Urbanisation -- 7.5.6 Urban Vulnerabilities: Building 'slum resilience' -- 7.5.7 Policy Priorities -- 7.6 Social Protection in Bangladesh -- 7.6.1 Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) and Social Pension -- 7.6.2 Issues and Challenges -- 7.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8: Institutions for Development -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Role of Institutions in Development -- 8.3 Institutional Reforms: Bangladesh Experience -- 8.4 Land Reforms and Property Rights -- 8.4.1 Land and Tenancy Reforms in Bangladesh -- 8.4.1.1 Existing Pattern of Land Tenure and Land Distribution -- 8.4.2 Contract Farming: Implications for Small Farmers 8.4.3 Policy Implications
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1.2 Pathway to Development: Exceptions and Innovations -- 1.3 A Unique Neo-liberal Development Model -- 1.4 Dynamics of 'Development Traps' -- 1.5 Explaining Bangladesh's Development -- 1.6 Uniqueness of Structural Transformation -- 1.7 Bangladesh's Development: A South Asian Perspective -- 1.7.1 Growth Dynamics of South Asia -- 1.7.2 Social Development Performance -- 1.8 Structure of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: General Growth Performance -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Economy before Independence -- 2.2.1 Economic Policies and Regional Disparities, 1947-1970 -- 2.2.2 Disparities in Social Indicators, 1947-1970 -- 2.3 Growth of GDP and GDP per Capita -- 2.3.1 GDP: Distribution by Uses -- 2.3.2 GDP: Distribution by Industrial Origin -- 2.3.3 Savings and Capital Formation -- 2.4 Economic Growth and Structural Change -- 2.4.1 Structural Changes in the Bangladesh Economy -- 2.4.1.1 Post-Independence Economic Growth: Breaks and Turning Points -- 2.4.1.2 Dominant Changes in Economic Structure -- 2.4.2 Implications of Services Sector-Led Growth -- 2.4.3 GDP Growth and Occupational Structure -- 2.5 Economic Reforms and Growth Policies -- 2.5.1 Economic Policy and Planning -- 2.5.2 Context and Determinants of Economic Reforms -- 2.6 Policy-Based Periodisation of Growth -- 2.6.1 Reconstruction and Recovery Amidst Political Turbulence, 1972-1982 -- 2.6.2 Slow Growth and Rising Macro Instability, 1983-1990 -- 2.6.3 Crisis-Driven Reforms and Favourable Initial State, 1991-1996 -- 2.6.4 Rising Growth and Social Development, 1997-2008 -- 2.6.5 Consolidating and Enhancing Growth, 2009-2019 -- 2.6.6 Growth Impact of Reforms -- 2.7 Long-Term Growth Dynamics: Total Factor Productivity</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2.8 Bangladesh's Long-Term Economic Growth -- 2.8.1 Key Issues in Long-Term Growth -- 2.8.2 Moving beyond Middle Income Trap -- 2.8.3 Bangladesh's Agricultural Modernisation Model: Sequencing of Chemicalisation and Mechanisation -- 2.8.4 Bangladesh's Urbanisation: A 'Production Cities' Approach -- 2.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Poverty and Inequality -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Conceptualising Poverty and Inequality -- 3.2.1 Aspects of Inequality -- 3.3 Measuring Poverty and Inequality in Bangladesh -- 3.3.1 Trends in Poverty -- 3.3.2 Poverty in Bangladesh: A South Asian perspective -- 3.3.3 Future of Poverty in Bangladesh -- 3.4 Trends in Inequality -- 3.4.1 Social Inequalities -- 3.5 Poverty Assessment -- 3.5.1 Economic Growth and Poverty -- 3.5.2 Changes in Rural-Urban and Regional Poverty -- 3.5.3 Proximate Determinants of Poverty Trends -- 3.5.4 Microfinance and Poverty Reduction -- 3.6 Poverty and Inequality Reduction Policy -- 3.6.1 Constraints to Poverty Reduction -- 3.6.2 Policy Priorities -- 3.6.2.1 Create Decent and Well-Paid Jobs -- 3.6.2.2 Increase Productivity, Especially in Agriculture -- 3.6.2.3 Ensure Skills for the 21st Century Economy -- 3.6.2.4 Invest in Health and Nutrition -- 3.6.2.5 Help Manage Risks and Vulnerability -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 4: Human and Social Development -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Bangladesh's Social Development Agenda -- 4.2.1 Social Context in Bangladesh -- 4.2.2 Leave No One Behind -- 4.3 Progress in Education -- 4.3.1 Education in Bangladesh: A Progress Report -- 4.3.1.1 Structure of the Education System -- 4.3.1.2 Literacy -- 4.3.1.3 Primary Education -- 4.3.1.4 Secondary Education -- 4.3.1.5 Higher Education -- 4.3.2 Status of Vulnerable Groups -- 4.3.2.1 Spatial Disparity -- 4.3.2.2 Disparity by Household's Poverty Status</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">4.3.2.3 Poverty and School Enrolment -- 4.3.2.4 Public Expenditure and Education -- 4.3.2.5 Public Expenditure Policy -- 4.3.3 Education Policies and Strategies -- 4.3.3.1 Education and Child Labour -- 4.3.3.2 Assessment of Educational Policies -- 4.3.4 Conclusions -- 4.4 Progress in Health and Nutrition -- 4.4.1 Healthcare System in Bangladesh -- 4.4.1.1 Policies and Programmes in Health Sector -- 4.4.1.2 The Drug Policy -- 4.4.1.3 Immunisation -- 4.4.1.4 Healthcare Industry Ecosystem -- 4.4.1.5 Primary HealthCare -- 4.4.1.6 Medical Education -- 4.4.1.7 Nursing Services -- 4.4.1.8 Growth in Health Infrastructure -- 4.4.1.9 Private Sector Health Services -- 4.4.1.10 Diagnostic Centres -- 4.4.1.11 NGOs and Professional Groups -- 4.4.1.12 Availability of Health Personnel -- 4.4.2 Healthcare Expenditure -- 4.4.2.1 Structural Shift in Health Spending -- 4.4.2.2 Out-of-pocket Payments -- 4.4.3 Progress in Health Status -- 4.4.3.1 Trends in Health and Nutritional Status -- 4.4.3.2 Nutrition -- 4.4.4 Gender Dimension in Health Status -- 4.4.4.1 Gender Disparity in Nutritional Status -- 4.4.4.2 Maternal Mortality -- 4.4.4.3 Assessment of Progress -- 4.4.4.4 Equity in Healthcare Services -- 4.4.5 Issues in Healthcare Services -- 4.4.6 Conclusions -- 4.5 Women Empowerment -- 4.5.1 Conceptual Issues in Empowerment -- 4.5.2 Women in Bangladesh -- 4.5.2.1 Education -- 4.5.2.2 Violence Against Women -- 4.5.2.3 Women in Different Occupations -- 4.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Creating Opportunities -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Delta Plan 2100 and Vision 2041 -- 5.2.1 The Vision 2041 -- 5.3 Narrowing Development Gaps: The Role of Technology -- 5.3.1 Technological Change Processes -- 5.3.2 R&amp -- D Intensity and Technology Adoption -- 5.3.3 Knowledge Development and ICT -- 5.3.4 Innovations in Agriculture</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">5.4 Vision for Microenterprises -- 5.5 Harnessing Globalisation Opportunities -- 5.5.1 Participation in Global Value Chains -- 5.6 Expanding Fiscal and Policy Space -- 5.6.1 Employment and Labour Market Policies: An Illustration -- 5.7 Fighting 'Crony Capitalism' -- 5.8 Harnessing the Middle Class Dynamism -- 5.9 Mobilising Resources for Development -- 5.9.1 Extending and Enlarging the Fiscal Space -- 5.10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6: Creating Jobs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Population Dynamics in Bangladesh -- 6.1.2 Key Demographic Issues -- 6.2 Labour Force in Bangladesh -- 6.2.1 Labour Force Growth in Bangladesh -- 6.2.2 Employed Population by Employment Status and Sector -- 6.2.3 Labour Force and Education -- 6.2.4 Unemployment and Underemployment -- 6.2.5 Level of Underemployment -- 6.3 Informal Sector Employment -- 6.3.1 Skill Development in the Informal Sector -- 6.3.2 Issues and Challenges -- 6.4 Gender Wage Gap in Labour Market -- 6.5 Incidence of Child Labour -- 6.5.1 Eradication of Child Labour -- 6.6 Issues in Youth Employment -- 6.6.1 Youth Employment in Bangladesh -- 6.6.2 Youth Employment Challenges -- 6.6.3 Youth Employment Policy Agenda -- 6.6.3.1 Comprehensive Youth Employment Strategies -- 6.6.3.2 Entrepreneurship Promotion -- 6.6.3.3 Public Work Programmes -- 6.6.3.4 Skill Development -- 6.6.3.5 Labour Market Information -- 6.6.3.6 Regulatory Framework -- 6.6.3.7 Knowledge Gaps -- 6.7 Rural Employment Strategy -- 6.8 Future Labour Force: Issues and Challenges -- 6.8.1 Labour Demand in the Knowledge Economy -- 6.8.2 Early Childhood Development -- 6.8.3 Child Health and Nutrition -- 6.8.4 Policy Implications -- 6.9 Overseas Employment -- 6.9.1 Future Prospects -- 6.9.2 Matching Skill Composition of Migrant Workers -- 6.10 Concluding Remarks -- References</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chapter 7: Social and Climate Change Vulnerability -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Social Vulnerability in Bangladesh: Challenges and Practices -- 7.3 Environmental Vulnerability -- 7.3.1 Environmental Risk Analysis -- 7.3.1.1 Environmental Health Risks -- 7.3.1.2 Environmental Quality of Dhaka City -- 7.3.1.3 Depletion of Natural Resources -- 7.3.2 Environmental Governance -- 7.3.3 Environmental Policies -- 7.4 Climate Change and Social Vulnerability -- 7.4.1 Climate Change and Sea Level Rise -- 7.4.2 Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability -- 7.4.2.1 Northwest Region -- 7.4.2.2 Coastal Region -- 7.4.2.3 Central Region -- 7.4.2.4 Northeast Region -- 7.4.3 Climate Change Adaptation -- 7.5 Urbanisation and Social Vulnerability -- 7.5.1 Urbanisation in Bangladesh -- 7.5.2 Migration and Urbanisation -- 7.5.3 The Economics of Agglomeration -- 7.5.3.1 Urbanisation and Economic Growth -- 7.5.3.2 Influencing Deconcentration -- 7.5.4 Issues in Social Vulnerability -- 7.5.4.1 Slum Dynamics -- 7.5.4.2 Urbanisation and Health -- 7.5.4.3 Malnutrition -- 7.5.4.4 Environmental Pollution -- 7.5.4.5 Traffic Congestion -- 7.5.4.6 Urban Violence -- 7.5.4.7 Climate Change -- 7.5.5 Constraints to Orderly Urbanisation -- 7.5.6 Urban Vulnerabilities: Building 'slum resilience' -- 7.5.7 Policy Priorities -- 7.6 Social Protection in Bangladesh -- 7.6.1 Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) and Social Pension -- 7.6.2 Issues and Challenges -- 7.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8: Institutions for Development -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Role of Institutions in Development -- 8.3 Institutional Reforms: Bangladesh Experience -- 8.4 Land Reforms and Property Rights -- 8.4.1 Land and Tenancy Reforms in Bangladesh -- 8.4.1.1 Existing Pattern of Land Tenure and Land Distribution -- 8.4.2 Contract Farming: Implications for Small Farmers</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">8.4.3 Policy Implications</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Economic development-Bangladesh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mujeri, Neaz</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="a">Mujeri, Mustafa K.</subfield><subfield code="t">Bangladesh at Fifty</subfield><subfield code="d">Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2020</subfield><subfield code="z">9783030567903</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-30-PQE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033605217</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
id	DE-604.BV048224484
illustrated	Not Illustrated
indexdate	2024-12-20T19:38:58Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9783030567910
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033605217
oclc_num	1230529090
open_access_boolean
physical	1 Online-Ressource (588 Seiten)
psigel	ZDB-30-PQE
publishDate	2020
publishDateSearch	2020
publishDateSort	2020
publisher	Springer International Publishing AG
record_format	marc
series2	Palgrave Studies in Economic History Ser
spelling	Mujeri, Mustafa K. Verfasser aut Bangladesh at Fifty Moving Beyond Development Traps Cham Springer International Publishing AG 2020 ©2020 1 Online-Ressource (588 Seiten) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Palgrave Studies in Economic History Ser Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Beginning: A War Ravaged Economy -- 1.2 Pathway to Development: Exceptions and Innovations -- 1.3 A Unique Neo-liberal Development Model -- 1.4 Dynamics of 'Development Traps' -- 1.5 Explaining Bangladesh's Development -- 1.6 Uniqueness of Structural Transformation -- 1.7 Bangladesh's Development: A South Asian Perspective -- 1.7.1 Growth Dynamics of South Asia -- 1.7.2 Social Development Performance -- 1.8 Structure of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: General Growth Performance -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Economy before Independence -- 2.2.1 Economic Policies and Regional Disparities, 1947-1970 -- 2.2.2 Disparities in Social Indicators, 1947-1970 -- 2.3 Growth of GDP and GDP per Capita -- 2.3.1 GDP: Distribution by Uses -- 2.3.2 GDP: Distribution by Industrial Origin -- 2.3.3 Savings and Capital Formation -- 2.4 Economic Growth and Structural Change -- 2.4.1 Structural Changes in the Bangladesh Economy -- 2.4.1.1 Post-Independence Economic Growth: Breaks and Turning Points -- 2.4.1.2 Dominant Changes in Economic Structure -- 2.4.2 Implications of Services Sector-Led Growth -- 2.4.3 GDP Growth and Occupational Structure -- 2.5 Economic Reforms and Growth Policies -- 2.5.1 Economic Policy and Planning -- 2.5.2 Context and Determinants of Economic Reforms -- 2.6 Policy-Based Periodisation of Growth -- 2.6.1 Reconstruction and Recovery Amidst Political Turbulence, 1972-1982 -- 2.6.2 Slow Growth and Rising Macro Instability, 1983-1990 -- 2.6.3 Crisis-Driven Reforms and Favourable Initial State, 1991-1996 -- 2.6.4 Rising Growth and Social Development, 1997-2008 -- 2.6.5 Consolidating and Enhancing Growth, 2009-2019 -- 2.6.6 Growth Impact of Reforms -- 2.7 Long-Term Growth Dynamics: Total Factor Productivity 2.8 Bangladesh's Long-Term Economic Growth -- 2.8.1 Key Issues in Long-Term Growth -- 2.8.2 Moving beyond Middle Income Trap -- 2.8.3 Bangladesh's Agricultural Modernisation Model: Sequencing of Chemicalisation and Mechanisation -- 2.8.4 Bangladesh's Urbanisation: A 'Production Cities' Approach -- 2.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Poverty and Inequality -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Conceptualising Poverty and Inequality -- 3.2.1 Aspects of Inequality -- 3.3 Measuring Poverty and Inequality in Bangladesh -- 3.3.1 Trends in Poverty -- 3.3.2 Poverty in Bangladesh: A South Asian perspective -- 3.3.3 Future of Poverty in Bangladesh -- 3.4 Trends in Inequality -- 3.4.1 Social Inequalities -- 3.5 Poverty Assessment -- 3.5.1 Economic Growth and Poverty -- 3.5.2 Changes in Rural-Urban and Regional Poverty -- 3.5.3 Proximate Determinants of Poverty Trends -- 3.5.4 Microfinance and Poverty Reduction -- 3.6 Poverty and Inequality Reduction Policy -- 3.6.1 Constraints to Poverty Reduction -- 3.6.2 Policy Priorities -- 3.6.2.1 Create Decent and Well-Paid Jobs -- 3.6.2.2 Increase Productivity, Especially in Agriculture -- 3.6.2.3 Ensure Skills for the 21st Century Economy -- 3.6.2.4 Invest in Health and Nutrition -- 3.6.2.5 Help Manage Risks and Vulnerability -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 4: Human and Social Development -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Bangladesh's Social Development Agenda -- 4.2.1 Social Context in Bangladesh -- 4.2.2 Leave No One Behind -- 4.3 Progress in Education -- 4.3.1 Education in Bangladesh: A Progress Report -- 4.3.1.1 Structure of the Education System -- 4.3.1.2 Literacy -- 4.3.1.3 Primary Education -- 4.3.1.4 Secondary Education -- 4.3.1.5 Higher Education -- 4.3.2 Status of Vulnerable Groups -- 4.3.2.1 Spatial Disparity -- 4.3.2.2 Disparity by Household's Poverty Status 4.3.2.3 Poverty and School Enrolment -- 4.3.2.4 Public Expenditure and Education -- 4.3.2.5 Public Expenditure Policy -- 4.3.3 Education Policies and Strategies -- 4.3.3.1 Education and Child Labour -- 4.3.3.2 Assessment of Educational Policies -- 4.3.4 Conclusions -- 4.4 Progress in Health and Nutrition -- 4.4.1 Healthcare System in Bangladesh -- 4.4.1.1 Policies and Programmes in Health Sector -- 4.4.1.2 The Drug Policy -- 4.4.1.3 Immunisation -- 4.4.1.4 Healthcare Industry Ecosystem -- 4.4.1.5 Primary HealthCare -- 4.4.1.6 Medical Education -- 4.4.1.7 Nursing Services -- 4.4.1.8 Growth in Health Infrastructure -- 4.4.1.9 Private Sector Health Services -- 4.4.1.10 Diagnostic Centres -- 4.4.1.11 NGOs and Professional Groups -- 4.4.1.12 Availability of Health Personnel -- 4.4.2 Healthcare Expenditure -- 4.4.2.1 Structural Shift in Health Spending -- 4.4.2.2 Out-of-pocket Payments -- 4.4.3 Progress in Health Status -- 4.4.3.1 Trends in Health and Nutritional Status -- 4.4.3.2 Nutrition -- 4.4.4 Gender Dimension in Health Status -- 4.4.4.1 Gender Disparity in Nutritional Status -- 4.4.4.2 Maternal Mortality -- 4.4.4.3 Assessment of Progress -- 4.4.4.4 Equity in Healthcare Services -- 4.4.5 Issues in Healthcare Services -- 4.4.6 Conclusions -- 4.5 Women Empowerment -- 4.5.1 Conceptual Issues in Empowerment -- 4.5.2 Women in Bangladesh -- 4.5.2.1 Education -- 4.5.2.2 Violence Against Women -- 4.5.2.3 Women in Different Occupations -- 4.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Creating Opportunities -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Delta Plan 2100 and Vision 2041 -- 5.2.1 The Vision 2041 -- 5.3 Narrowing Development Gaps: The Role of Technology -- 5.3.1 Technological Change Processes -- 5.3.2 R&amp -- D Intensity and Technology Adoption -- 5.3.3 Knowledge Development and ICT -- 5.3.4 Innovations in Agriculture 5.4 Vision for Microenterprises -- 5.5 Harnessing Globalisation Opportunities -- 5.5.1 Participation in Global Value Chains -- 5.6 Expanding Fiscal and Policy Space -- 5.6.1 Employment and Labour Market Policies: An Illustration -- 5.7 Fighting 'Crony Capitalism' -- 5.8 Harnessing the Middle Class Dynamism -- 5.9 Mobilising Resources for Development -- 5.9.1 Extending and Enlarging the Fiscal Space -- 5.10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6: Creating Jobs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Population Dynamics in Bangladesh -- 6.1.2 Key Demographic Issues -- 6.2 Labour Force in Bangladesh -- 6.2.1 Labour Force Growth in Bangladesh -- 6.2.2 Employed Population by Employment Status and Sector -- 6.2.3 Labour Force and Education -- 6.2.4 Unemployment and Underemployment -- 6.2.5 Level of Underemployment -- 6.3 Informal Sector Employment -- 6.3.1 Skill Development in the Informal Sector -- 6.3.2 Issues and Challenges -- 6.4 Gender Wage Gap in Labour Market -- 6.5 Incidence of Child Labour -- 6.5.1 Eradication of Child Labour -- 6.6 Issues in Youth Employment -- 6.6.1 Youth Employment in Bangladesh -- 6.6.2 Youth Employment Challenges -- 6.6.3 Youth Employment Policy Agenda -- 6.6.3.1 Comprehensive Youth Employment Strategies -- 6.6.3.2 Entrepreneurship Promotion -- 6.6.3.3 Public Work Programmes -- 6.6.3.4 Skill Development -- 6.6.3.5 Labour Market Information -- 6.6.3.6 Regulatory Framework -- 6.6.3.7 Knowledge Gaps -- 6.7 Rural Employment Strategy -- 6.8 Future Labour Force: Issues and Challenges -- 6.8.1 Labour Demand in the Knowledge Economy -- 6.8.2 Early Childhood Development -- 6.8.3 Child Health and Nutrition -- 6.8.4 Policy Implications -- 6.9 Overseas Employment -- 6.9.1 Future Prospects -- 6.9.2 Matching Skill Composition of Migrant Workers -- 6.10 Concluding Remarks -- References Chapter 7: Social and Climate Change Vulnerability -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Social Vulnerability in Bangladesh: Challenges and Practices -- 7.3 Environmental Vulnerability -- 7.3.1 Environmental Risk Analysis -- 7.3.1.1 Environmental Health Risks -- 7.3.1.2 Environmental Quality of Dhaka City -- 7.3.1.3 Depletion of Natural Resources -- 7.3.2 Environmental Governance -- 7.3.3 Environmental Policies -- 7.4 Climate Change and Social Vulnerability -- 7.4.1 Climate Change and Sea Level Rise -- 7.4.2 Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability -- 7.4.2.1 Northwest Region -- 7.4.2.2 Coastal Region -- 7.4.2.3 Central Region -- 7.4.2.4 Northeast Region -- 7.4.3 Climate Change Adaptation -- 7.5 Urbanisation and Social Vulnerability -- 7.5.1 Urbanisation in Bangladesh -- 7.5.2 Migration and Urbanisation -- 7.5.3 The Economics of Agglomeration -- 7.5.3.1 Urbanisation and Economic Growth -- 7.5.3.2 Influencing Deconcentration -- 7.5.4 Issues in Social Vulnerability -- 7.5.4.1 Slum Dynamics -- 7.5.4.2 Urbanisation and Health -- 7.5.4.3 Malnutrition -- 7.5.4.4 Environmental Pollution -- 7.5.4.5 Traffic Congestion -- 7.5.4.6 Urban Violence -- 7.5.4.7 Climate Change -- 7.5.5 Constraints to Orderly Urbanisation -- 7.5.6 Urban Vulnerabilities: Building 'slum resilience' -- 7.5.7 Policy Priorities -- 7.6 Social Protection in Bangladesh -- 7.6.1 Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) and Social Pension -- 7.6.2 Issues and Challenges -- 7.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8: Institutions for Development -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Role of Institutions in Development -- 8.3 Institutional Reforms: Bangladesh Experience -- 8.4 Land Reforms and Property Rights -- 8.4.1 Land and Tenancy Reforms in Bangladesh -- 8.4.1.1 Existing Pattern of Land Tenure and Land Distribution -- 8.4.2 Contract Farming: Implications for Small Farmers 8.4.3 Policy Implications Economic development-Bangladesh Mujeri, Neaz Sonstige oth Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Mujeri, Mustafa K. Bangladesh at Fifty Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2020 9783030567903
spellingShingle	Mujeri, Mustafa K. Bangladesh at Fifty Moving Beyond Development Traps Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Beginning: A War Ravaged Economy -- 1.2 Pathway to Development: Exceptions and Innovations -- 1.3 A Unique Neo-liberal Development Model -- 1.4 Dynamics of 'Development Traps' -- 1.5 Explaining Bangladesh's Development -- 1.6 Uniqueness of Structural Transformation -- 1.7 Bangladesh's Development: A South Asian Perspective -- 1.7.1 Growth Dynamics of South Asia -- 1.7.2 Social Development Performance -- 1.8 Structure of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: General Growth Performance -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Economy before Independence -- 2.2.1 Economic Policies and Regional Disparities, 1947-1970 -- 2.2.2 Disparities in Social Indicators, 1947-1970 -- 2.3 Growth of GDP and GDP per Capita -- 2.3.1 GDP: Distribution by Uses -- 2.3.2 GDP: Distribution by Industrial Origin -- 2.3.3 Savings and Capital Formation -- 2.4 Economic Growth and Structural Change -- 2.4.1 Structural Changes in the Bangladesh Economy -- 2.4.1.1 Post-Independence Economic Growth: Breaks and Turning Points -- 2.4.1.2 Dominant Changes in Economic Structure -- 2.4.2 Implications of Services Sector-Led Growth -- 2.4.3 GDP Growth and Occupational Structure -- 2.5 Economic Reforms and Growth Policies -- 2.5.1 Economic Policy and Planning -- 2.5.2 Context and Determinants of Economic Reforms -- 2.6 Policy-Based Periodisation of Growth -- 2.6.1 Reconstruction and Recovery Amidst Political Turbulence, 1972-1982 -- 2.6.2 Slow Growth and Rising Macro Instability, 1983-1990 -- 2.6.3 Crisis-Driven Reforms and Favourable Initial State, 1991-1996 -- 2.6.4 Rising Growth and Social Development, 1997-2008 -- 2.6.5 Consolidating and Enhancing Growth, 2009-2019 -- 2.6.6 Growth Impact of Reforms -- 2.7 Long-Term Growth Dynamics: Total Factor Productivity 2.8 Bangladesh's Long-Term Economic Growth -- 2.8.1 Key Issues in Long-Term Growth -- 2.8.2 Moving beyond Middle Income Trap -- 2.8.3 Bangladesh's Agricultural Modernisation Model: Sequencing of Chemicalisation and Mechanisation -- 2.8.4 Bangladesh's Urbanisation: A 'Production Cities' Approach -- 2.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Poverty and Inequality -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Conceptualising Poverty and Inequality -- 3.2.1 Aspects of Inequality -- 3.3 Measuring Poverty and Inequality in Bangladesh -- 3.3.1 Trends in Poverty -- 3.3.2 Poverty in Bangladesh: A South Asian perspective -- 3.3.3 Future of Poverty in Bangladesh -- 3.4 Trends in Inequality -- 3.4.1 Social Inequalities -- 3.5 Poverty Assessment -- 3.5.1 Economic Growth and Poverty -- 3.5.2 Changes in Rural-Urban and Regional Poverty -- 3.5.3 Proximate Determinants of Poverty Trends -- 3.5.4 Microfinance and Poverty Reduction -- 3.6 Poverty and Inequality Reduction Policy -- 3.6.1 Constraints to Poverty Reduction -- 3.6.2 Policy Priorities -- 3.6.2.1 Create Decent and Well-Paid Jobs -- 3.6.2.2 Increase Productivity, Especially in Agriculture -- 3.6.2.3 Ensure Skills for the 21st Century Economy -- 3.6.2.4 Invest in Health and Nutrition -- 3.6.2.5 Help Manage Risks and Vulnerability -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 4: Human and Social Development -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Bangladesh's Social Development Agenda -- 4.2.1 Social Context in Bangladesh -- 4.2.2 Leave No One Behind -- 4.3 Progress in Education -- 4.3.1 Education in Bangladesh: A Progress Report -- 4.3.1.1 Structure of the Education System -- 4.3.1.2 Literacy -- 4.3.1.3 Primary Education -- 4.3.1.4 Secondary Education -- 4.3.1.5 Higher Education -- 4.3.2 Status of Vulnerable Groups -- 4.3.2.1 Spatial Disparity -- 4.3.2.2 Disparity by Household's Poverty Status 4.3.2.3 Poverty and School Enrolment -- 4.3.2.4 Public Expenditure and Education -- 4.3.2.5 Public Expenditure Policy -- 4.3.3 Education Policies and Strategies -- 4.3.3.1 Education and Child Labour -- 4.3.3.2 Assessment of Educational Policies -- 4.3.4 Conclusions -- 4.4 Progress in Health and Nutrition -- 4.4.1 Healthcare System in Bangladesh -- 4.4.1.1 Policies and Programmes in Health Sector -- 4.4.1.2 The Drug Policy -- 4.4.1.3 Immunisation -- 4.4.1.4 Healthcare Industry Ecosystem -- 4.4.1.5 Primary HealthCare -- 4.4.1.6 Medical Education -- 4.4.1.7 Nursing Services -- 4.4.1.8 Growth in Health Infrastructure -- 4.4.1.9 Private Sector Health Services -- 4.4.1.10 Diagnostic Centres -- 4.4.1.11 NGOs and Professional Groups -- 4.4.1.12 Availability of Health Personnel -- 4.4.2 Healthcare Expenditure -- 4.4.2.1 Structural Shift in Health Spending -- 4.4.2.2 Out-of-pocket Payments -- 4.4.3 Progress in Health Status -- 4.4.3.1 Trends in Health and Nutritional Status -- 4.4.3.2 Nutrition -- 4.4.4 Gender Dimension in Health Status -- 4.4.4.1 Gender Disparity in Nutritional Status -- 4.4.4.2 Maternal Mortality -- 4.4.4.3 Assessment of Progress -- 4.4.4.4 Equity in Healthcare Services -- 4.4.5 Issues in Healthcare Services -- 4.4.6 Conclusions -- 4.5 Women Empowerment -- 4.5.1 Conceptual Issues in Empowerment -- 4.5.2 Women in Bangladesh -- 4.5.2.1 Education -- 4.5.2.2 Violence Against Women -- 4.5.2.3 Women in Different Occupations -- 4.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Creating Opportunities -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Delta Plan 2100 and Vision 2041 -- 5.2.1 The Vision 2041 -- 5.3 Narrowing Development Gaps: The Role of Technology -- 5.3.1 Technological Change Processes -- 5.3.2 R&amp -- D Intensity and Technology Adoption -- 5.3.3 Knowledge Development and ICT -- 5.3.4 Innovations in Agriculture 5.4 Vision for Microenterprises -- 5.5 Harnessing Globalisation Opportunities -- 5.5.1 Participation in Global Value Chains -- 5.6 Expanding Fiscal and Policy Space -- 5.6.1 Employment and Labour Market Policies: An Illustration -- 5.7 Fighting 'Crony Capitalism' -- 5.8 Harnessing the Middle Class Dynamism -- 5.9 Mobilising Resources for Development -- 5.9.1 Extending and Enlarging the Fiscal Space -- 5.10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6: Creating Jobs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Population Dynamics in Bangladesh -- 6.1.2 Key Demographic Issues -- 6.2 Labour Force in Bangladesh -- 6.2.1 Labour Force Growth in Bangladesh -- 6.2.2 Employed Population by Employment Status and Sector -- 6.2.3 Labour Force and Education -- 6.2.4 Unemployment and Underemployment -- 6.2.5 Level of Underemployment -- 6.3 Informal Sector Employment -- 6.3.1 Skill Development in the Informal Sector -- 6.3.2 Issues and Challenges -- 6.4 Gender Wage Gap in Labour Market -- 6.5 Incidence of Child Labour -- 6.5.1 Eradication of Child Labour -- 6.6 Issues in Youth Employment -- 6.6.1 Youth Employment in Bangladesh -- 6.6.2 Youth Employment Challenges -- 6.6.3 Youth Employment Policy Agenda -- 6.6.3.1 Comprehensive Youth Employment Strategies -- 6.6.3.2 Entrepreneurship Promotion -- 6.6.3.3 Public Work Programmes -- 6.6.3.4 Skill Development -- 6.6.3.5 Labour Market Information -- 6.6.3.6 Regulatory Framework -- 6.6.3.7 Knowledge Gaps -- 6.7 Rural Employment Strategy -- 6.8 Future Labour Force: Issues and Challenges -- 6.8.1 Labour Demand in the Knowledge Economy -- 6.8.2 Early Childhood Development -- 6.8.3 Child Health and Nutrition -- 6.8.4 Policy Implications -- 6.9 Overseas Employment -- 6.9.1 Future Prospects -- 6.9.2 Matching Skill Composition of Migrant Workers -- 6.10 Concluding Remarks -- References Chapter 7: Social and Climate Change Vulnerability -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Social Vulnerability in Bangladesh: Challenges and Practices -- 7.3 Environmental Vulnerability -- 7.3.1 Environmental Risk Analysis -- 7.3.1.1 Environmental Health Risks -- 7.3.1.2 Environmental Quality of Dhaka City -- 7.3.1.3 Depletion of Natural Resources -- 7.3.2 Environmental Governance -- 7.3.3 Environmental Policies -- 7.4 Climate Change and Social Vulnerability -- 7.4.1 Climate Change and Sea Level Rise -- 7.4.2 Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability -- 7.4.2.1 Northwest Region -- 7.4.2.2 Coastal Region -- 7.4.2.3 Central Region -- 7.4.2.4 Northeast Region -- 7.4.3 Climate Change Adaptation -- 7.5 Urbanisation and Social Vulnerability -- 7.5.1 Urbanisation in Bangladesh -- 7.5.2 Migration and Urbanisation -- 7.5.3 The Economics of Agglomeration -- 7.5.3.1 Urbanisation and Economic Growth -- 7.5.3.2 Influencing Deconcentration -- 7.5.4 Issues in Social Vulnerability -- 7.5.4.1 Slum Dynamics -- 7.5.4.2 Urbanisation and Health -- 7.5.4.3 Malnutrition -- 7.5.4.4 Environmental Pollution -- 7.5.4.5 Traffic Congestion -- 7.5.4.6 Urban Violence -- 7.5.4.7 Climate Change -- 7.5.5 Constraints to Orderly Urbanisation -- 7.5.6 Urban Vulnerabilities: Building 'slum resilience' -- 7.5.7 Policy Priorities -- 7.6 Social Protection in Bangladesh -- 7.6.1 Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) and Social Pension -- 7.6.2 Issues and Challenges -- 7.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8: Institutions for Development -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Role of Institutions in Development -- 8.3 Institutional Reforms: Bangladesh Experience -- 8.4 Land Reforms and Property Rights -- 8.4.1 Land and Tenancy Reforms in Bangladesh -- 8.4.1.1 Existing Pattern of Land Tenure and Land Distribution -- 8.4.2 Contract Farming: Implications for Small Farmers 8.4.3 Policy Implications Economic development-Bangladesh
title	Bangladesh at Fifty Moving Beyond Development Traps
title_auth	Bangladesh at Fifty Moving Beyond Development Traps
title_exact_search	Bangladesh at Fifty Moving Beyond Development Traps
title_full	Bangladesh at Fifty Moving Beyond Development Traps
title_fullStr	Bangladesh at Fifty Moving Beyond Development Traps
title_full_unstemmed	Bangladesh at Fifty Moving Beyond Development Traps
title_short	Bangladesh at Fifty
title_sort	bangladesh at fifty moving beyond development traps
title_sub	Moving Beyond Development Traps
topic	Economic development-Bangladesh
topic_facet	Economic development-Bangladesh
work_keys_str_mv	AT mujerimustafak bangladeshatfiftymovingbeyonddevelopmenttraps AT mujerineaz bangladeshatfiftymovingbeyonddevelopmenttraps

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