Three liability regimes for artificial intelligence: algorithmic actants, hybrids, crowds
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford ; New York
Hart
2021
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033191535&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite [167]-181. - Includes index |
| Umfang: | ix, 192 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781509949335 9781509949373 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS Preface...........................................................................................................................v 1. Digitalisation: The Responsibility Gap............................................................1 I. The Problem: The Dangerous Homo Ex Machina.................................... 1 A. Growing Liability Gaps....................................................................... 3 B. Scenarios.............................................................................................. 4 C. Current Law’s Denial of Reality..........................................................6 II. The Overshooting Reaction: Full Legal Subjectivity for E-Persons?.....8 III. Our Solution: Differential Legal Status Ascriptions for Algorithms..................................................................................................10 A. Algorithms in Social and Economic Contexts................................10 B. (Legal) Form Follows (Social) Function.......................................... 12 IV. Our Approach: Three Digital Risks.......................................................... 14 A. ‘Socio-Digital Institutions’ as Intermediaries between Technology and Law...........................................................14 B. A Typology of Machine Behaviour.................................................. 17 C. A Typology of Socio-Digital Institutions........................................ 18 D. A Typology of Liability Risks............................................................20 2. Autonomy and
Personification....................................................................... 23 I. Artificial Intelligence as Actants.............................................................. 23 A. Anthropomorphism?........................................................................ 23 B. Actants and Action Attribution........................................................25 C. Communication with Actants..........................................................27 II. Gradualised Digital Autonomy................................................................ 31 A. Social Attribution of Autonomy.......................................................31 B. Legal Criteria of Autonomy..............................................................34 C. Our Solution: Decision under Uncertainty..................................... 37 III. Autonomy and Legal Personhood............................................................41 A. Against Personification?................................................................... 41 B. Uniform Personification?................................................................. 43 C. Socio-Digital Institutions and Legal Status..................................... 43 3. Actants: Autonomy Risk..................................................................................45 I. Socio-Digital Institution: Digital Assistance........................................... 45 II. The Autonomy Risk...................................................................................46
viii III. Algorithmic Contract Formation............................................................ 49 A. Invalidity of Algorithmic Contracts?...............................................49 B. Algorithms as Mere Tools?................................................................51 C. Our Solution: Agency Law for Electronic Agents...........................54 D. Limited Legal Personhood - Constellation One.............................55 E. The Digital Agent’s Legal Declaration.............................................. 57 F. Digital Assistance and the Principal-Agent Relation.....................60 G. Overstepping of Authority?...............................................................62 IV. Contractual Liability................................................................................. 64 A. The Dilemma of the Tool-Solution..................................................65 B. Our Solution: Vicarious Performance............................................. 67 C. Limited Legal Personhood - Constellation Two.............................68 V. Non-Contractual Liability........................................................................ 71 A. Fault-Based Liability?........................................................................ 72 B. Product Liability?.............................................................................. 74 C. Strict Causal Liability for Dangerous Objects and Activities?.......76 D. Our Solution: Vicarious Liability in Tort........................................ 79 E. Limited Legal Personhood - Constellation
Three..........................84 F. The ‘Reasonable Algorithm’..............................................................84 G. Who is Liable?....................................................................................86 4. 5. Contents Contents Hybrids: Association Risk................................................................................89 I. Socio-Digital Institution: Human-Machine Associations......................90 A. Emergent Properties......................................................................... 90 B. Hybridity............................................................................................92 C. The Organisational Analogy.............................................................94 II. The Association Risk................................................................................. 96 III. Solution de lege ferenda: Hybrids as Legal Entities?............................... 97 IV. Our Solution de lege lata: Enterprise Liability for Human-Machine Networks.................................................................................................... 99 A. Human-Machine Interactions as Networks.................................... 99 B. Networks and Enterprise Liability................................................. 101 C. Action Attribution and Liability Attribution in Hybrids............. 103 D. Liable Actors.................................................................................... 103 E. Pro-Rata Network Share Liability.................................................. 106 F. External Liability
Concentration: One-Stop-Shop’ Approach.....108 G. Internal Liability Distribution: Pro Rata Network Share............. 109 V. Conclusion................................................................................................110 Multi-Agent Crowds: Interconnectivity Risk............................................Ill I. Socio-Digital Institution: Exposure to Interconnectivity..................... Ill A. Non-Communicative Contacts......................................................112 B. Distributed Cognitive Processes..................................................... 114 II. The Interconnectivity Risk..................................................................... 116 ix III. Mismatch of New Risks and Existing Solutions................................... 120 A. Applying Existing Categories..........................................................120 B. Vicarious or Product Liability of the Whole Interconnected AI-System?...................................................................................... 121 C. Collective Liability of Actors Connected to the ‘Technical Unit’?.............................................................................. 122 IV. Our Solution: Socialising the Interconnectivity Risk...........................125 A. Entire or Partial Socialisation?....................................................... 125 B. Risk Pools Decreed by Law.............................................................126 C. Public Administration of the Risk Pool: The Fund Solution.......128 D. Financing: Ex-Ante and Ex-Post
Components.............................129 E. Participation and Administration.................................................. 130 F. Compensation and Recovery Action............................................. 133 G. Global Interconnectivity and National Administration............... 135 6. Conclusion: Three Liability Regimes and Their Interrelations...............138 I. Synopsis and Rules..................................................................................138 A. Digital Assistance: Vicarious Liability........................................... 139 B. Human-Machine Associations: Enterprise Liability..................... 139 C. Interconnectivity: Fund Liability.................................................... 139 II. Socio-Digital Institutions and Liability Law......................................... 140 A. One-Size-Fits-All or Sector-Specific Piecemeal Approach?........140 B. Socio-Digital Institutions................................................................142 C. Institution-Generating Liability Law............................................. 145 D. Differential Treatment of Liable Actors......................................... 149 E. Calibrating Legal Personhood for AI............................................. 152 III. Interactions between Three Liability Regimes.......................................153 A. Criteria for Delineating the Applicable Liability Regime............. 153 B. No Priority for a Liability Regime.................................................. 155 IV. Exemplary
Cases...................................................................................... 158 A. Vicarious Liability: Robo-Advice................................................... 158 B. Enterprise Liability: Hybrid Journalism........................................ 159 C. Collective Funds: Flash Crash........................................................161 D. Finale: Google Autocomplete.........................................................163 Bibliography...............................................................................................................167 Index......................................................................................................................... 185
|
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| id | DE-604.BV047807951 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T19:29:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781509949335 9781509949373 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033191535 |
| oclc_num | 1304480096 |
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| physical | ix, 192 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Hart |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Beckers, Anna 1982- Teubner, Gunther 1944- Three liability regimes for artificial intelligence algorithmic actants, hybrids, crowds Haftung (DE-588)4022898-8 gnd Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4022898-8 (DE-588)4033447-8 |
| title | Three liability regimes for artificial intelligence algorithmic actants, hybrids, crowds |
| title_auth | Three liability regimes for artificial intelligence algorithmic actants, hybrids, crowds |
| title_exact_search | Three liability regimes for artificial intelligence algorithmic actants, hybrids, crowds |
| title_full | Three liability regimes for artificial intelligence algorithmic actants, hybrids, crowds Anna Beckers and Gunther Teubner |
| title_fullStr | Three liability regimes for artificial intelligence algorithmic actants, hybrids, crowds Anna Beckers and Gunther Teubner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three liability regimes for artificial intelligence algorithmic actants, hybrids, crowds Anna Beckers and Gunther Teubner |
| title_short | Three liability regimes for artificial intelligence |
| title_sort | three liability regimes for artificial intelligence algorithmic actants hybrids crowds |
| title_sub | algorithmic actants, hybrids, crowds |
| topic | Haftung (DE-588)4022898-8 gnd Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Haftung Künstliche Intelligenz |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033191535&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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