Verfügbarkeit: Great Britain against Russia in the Caucasus

Great Britain against Russia in the Caucasus: Ottoman Turks, Armenians and Azerbaijanis caught up in geopolitics, war and revolution

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteilige Person:	Walsh, Pat 1961- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Offenbach am Main Manzara Verlag 2020
Schlagwörter:	Erster Weltkrieg Kaukasus Russland Großbritannien Batum Istanbul Dashnaksutiun Armenia Transcaucasia Nakhchivan Baku Ottoman Empire Hunchak Baghdad First World War Russia Indian Empire Great Britain Ukraine Erivan Armenian Insurrection Azerbaijan Persia Germany Berlin Iran Ankara Tiflis Tabriz Georgia Black Sea Moscow Anatolia Great War Caucasus Karabakh Daghestan
Links:	https://d-nb.info/1217427511/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032967506&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032967506&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032967506&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Umfang:	932 Seiten
ISBN:	9783939795971

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	TABLE OF CONTENT PREFACE .................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER I RUSSIA AND THE CAUCASUS ............................................ 19 RUSSIA AND THE CAUCASUS ........................................................ 20 THE COMING OF THE RUSSIANS .................................................24 THE CAUCASIAN BORDERLANDS ................................................... 30 GREAT BRITAIN APPEARS ON THE SCENE ...................................... 39 THE RUSSIANS CONQUER THE KHANATES OF THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS .................................................................................. 44 THE FIRST RUSSO-PERSIAN WAR (1804-13) ............................... 49 THE TREATY OF GULLISTAN (1813) .............................................. 55 THE SECOND RUSSO-PERSIAN WAR (1826-8) ............................. 59 THE TREATY OF TURKMANCHAI (1828) ...................................... 62 THE ARMENIANS AS A RUSSIAN COLONISING ELEMENT ............. 71 THE COLONISATION OF KARABAKH .............................................. 82 EFFECTS OF THE COLONISATION .................................................... 87 THE RUSSIAN ADMINISTRATION IN THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS (1828-53) ................................................................................. 91 CHAPTER II THE GREAT GAME AND THE CAUCASUS .................... 99 THE IDEA OF A RUSSIAN THREAT .............................................. 100 THE FATE OF TURKEY AND PERSIA ............................................. 110 THE CRIMEAN WAR (1853-6) .................................................. 115 CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FIGHTING ............................................ 122 THE GREAT GAME * UNLEASHED ............................................ 129 THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIA ...................................................... 133 BRITAIN, RUSSIA AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ........................... 140 THE CAUCASUS * MOUNTAIN OF LANGUAGES AND MOSAIC OF PEOPLES ................................................................................... 145 THE ARMENIANS OF THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS ......................... 153 THE ARMENIAN DASHNAKTSUTIUN ........................................... 157 RUSSIANS AND ARMENIANS ...................................................... 162 COUNT WITTE AND RUSSIAN DEVELOPMENT ............................. 167 THE BRITISH RESPONSE - RUSSIA DISABLED ............................ 171 BAKU BEFORE THE EVENTS OF 1905-06 ..................................... 179 THE EVENTS OF 1905-06 AND AFTER ....................................... 186 THE TSARIST STATE AND THE ARMENIAN RELATIONSHIP .............. 199 THE MUSAVAT AND AZERBAIJAN ............................................... 206 CHAPTER III THE GREAT GEOPOLITICAL SHIFT ............................. 219 GERMANY BECOMES THE NEW OBJECT OF BRITISH BALANCE OF POWER ..................................................................................... 219 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BERLIN-BAGHDAD RAILWAY .............. 223 THE GREAT GAME AND THE BALANCE OF POWER ...................... 225 THE PROBLEM OF PERSIA ........................................................ 229 BRITAIN AT THE CROSSROADS ..................................................... 237 THE 1907 ANGLO-RUSSIAN CONVENTION ................................242 THE 1907 AGREEMENT AND THE GREAT WAR ..........................250 RUSSIA AFTER THE 1907 AGREEMENT ........................................ 257 A FINAL WARNING TO THE TSAR ................................................ 262 FROM EUROPEAN TO WORLD WAR ........................................... 271 THE ENGLISH LIBERAL FEAR OF RUSSIA .................................... 275 THE OTTOMAN OFFER TO THE ARMENIANS ............................... 279 HALIL BEY * S WARNING ..............................................................290 BRITAIN AND RUSSIA AGAINST THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ............... 294 FATEFUL DECISIONS .................................................................. 302 6 THE CAUCASUS FRONT ............................................................308 THE TSARIST MELTDOWN ........................................................320 CHAPTER IV THE RUSSIAN COLLAPSE .................................................. 329 FAILURE OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT ............................. 335 THE REVOLUTION AND TRANSCAUCASIA ..................................... 346 BAKU AFTER THE REVOLUTION .................................................... 352 THE BOLSHEVIK COMPLICATION ............................... 363 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TRANSCAUCASIAN SEIM ........................ 368 BRITAIN AND THE BOLSHEVIKS ................................................... 371 THE IMPORTANCE OF BREST-LITOVSK ....................................... 383 THE EFFECTS OF BREST-LITOVSK ON TRANSCAUCASIA ................ 393 THE STRATEGIC QUESTION IN THE CAUCASUS ............................ 403 THE ECONOMIC QUESTION IN THE CAUCASUS .......................... 409 THE POLITICAL QUESTION IN THE CAUCASUS ............................. 413 THE MILITARY QUESTION IN THE CAUCASUS .............................. 419 THE SOLUTION? THE ARMENIANS ............................................ 423 CHAPTER V RECONSTRUCTING THE CAUCASUS FRONT ........... 431 THE ARMENIAN FRONT ............................................................432 THE TRAGIC CONSEQUENCES ...................................................439 BRITISH/BOLSHEVIK COLLABORATION ......................................... 444 THE MARCH EVENTS ................................................................ 447 BRITISH-BOLSHEVIK RELATIONS ................................................. 459 COLLAPSE OF THE TRANSCAUCASUS FEDERATION ......................... 464 THE ERIVAN REPUBLIC ............................................................469 THE OTTOMAN DRIVE INTO THE CAUCASUS ...............................476 THE DUNSTERVILLE ADVENTURE ................................................486 7 MAJOR MACDONELL AND THE OVERTHROW OF THE BOLSHEVIKS ..490 THE BATTLE FOR BAKU .............................................................. 497 A BLOW TO PRESTIGE ............................................................... 503 LENIN * S GREAT GAMBLE PAYS OFF ......................................... 510 CHAPTER VI THE BRITISH OCCUPATION OF THE CAUCASUS ....517 MUDROS AND THE BRITISH OCCUPATION OF TRANSCAUCASIA ..... 518 THE BRITISH OCCUPY BAKU .................................................... 523 THE BRITISH INTEREST IN BAKU ................................................. 532 CHARACTER OF THE OCCUPATION ............................................... 538 THE BRITISH AND THE AZERBAIJANI-ARMENIAN CONFLICT .........544 AN ARMENIAN STATE? ............................................................. 550 THE EASTERN COMMITTEE AND THE ARMENIAN QUESTION ..... 556 MAGNA ARMENIA AT THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE ................. 562 THE AZERBAIJANIS AT PARIS .....................................................574 CHAPTER VII THE PROBLEM OF RUSSIA ............................................. 581 RUSSIA AND THE CAUCASUS: BRITISH MILITARY AND FOREIGN OFFICE EXPERT DISCUSSIONS ............................................................. 581 RUSSIA AND THE CAUCASUS: EASTERN COMMITTEE DISCUSSIONS 586 THE ALLIED INTERVENTIONS IN RUSSIA ..................................... 593 LLOYD GEORGE AND ENGLAND * S CRISIS OF DEMOCRACY .......... 598 LLOYD GEORGE AND RUSSIA .................................................... 607 A SECOND BREST-LITOVSK? ..................................................... 611 STARVING THE RUSSIANS ........................................................... 615 CHURCHILL * S WAR ON BOLSHEVISM ........................................... 619 BRITAIN, DENIKIN AND TRANSCAUCASIA .................................... 628 THE BOLSHEVIKS APPEAL TO AZERBAIJAN ................................ 636 8 THE BRITISH OCCUPATION AND THE AZERBAIJANIS .................... 639 EFFECTS OF THE BRITISH OCCUPATION ON AZERBAIJAN ............. 643 CHAPTER VIII THE BRITISH WITHDRAWAL ........................................... 655 THE PROBLEM OF ORDER AND THE DECISION TO WITHDRAW ....658 THE BRITISH MILITARY EVACUATION .......................................... 667 THE BRITISH WITHDRAWAL AND THE ARMENIANS ....................... 673 ARMING THE ARMENIANS? ...................................................... 679 BRITAIN, ARMENIA AND THE U.S ...............................................684 BRITAIN AND THE TURKS ........................................................... 691 THE TURKS AND THE BOLSHEVIKS ............................................. 708 ARNOLD TOYNBEE ON TURKEY AND RUSSIA ............................. 714 CHAPTER IX THE RUSSIAN RESURGENCE .......................................... 719 DENIKIN * S LAST OFFENSIVE ...................................................... 721 BOLSHEVIK FIGHTBACK ............................................................. 729 LLOYD GEORGE : JE NE REGRET RIEN ............................................... 734 CHURCHILL * S LAST HURRAH ....................................................... 741 LORD CURZON AT THE FOREIGN OFFICE .................................... 744 THE CORDON SANITAIRE AND THE HEARTLAND ........................... 754 DEFENCE DISABLED .................................................................762 DENIKIN * S DEFEAT AND RECOGNITION .....................................766 PAWNS IN A LOSING GAME ..................................................... 774 ARMENIAN ATTACKS ................................................................. 782 THE TURKISH REVIVAL ............................................................. 796 TIFLIS AND THE LONDON CONFERENCE ..................................... 801 THE BRITISH * GUARANTEE * ..................................................... 806 MARCH 1920 * THE POINT OF NO RETURN ............................ 812 9 CHAPTER X RUSSIA RECLAIMS THE CAUCASUS 817 BOLSHEVIK-TURKISH COLLABORATION IN THE FALL OF AZERBAIJAN 826 NARIMAN NARIMANOV AND THE SOVIETISATION OF AZERBAIJAN830 THE COMMUNIST/TURKISH CONFLUENCE OVER BAKU 835 AZERBAIJAN: UNWANTED BY BRITAIN; WANTED BY THE BOLSHEVIKS 846 ARMENIA * S FINAL GAMBLE 861 CAUCASUS ENDGAME 878 THE BOLSHEVIK VICTORY 889 POSTSCRIPT - THE RUSSIANS SHALL HAVE CONSTANTINOPLE. .. .892 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 895 10 Select Bibliography Keith E. Abbott, Extracts from a Memorandum on the Country of Azerbaijan, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. Afgan Akhmedov, British Foreign Policy in Azerbaijan, 19181920, PhD Thesis, University of Lancaster. F. Adamiyat, The Diplomatic Relations of Persia with Britain, Turkey and Russia, 1815-1830, PhD Thesis, London School of Economics. E. Aknouni, Political Persecution: Armenian Prisoners of the Caucasus. Mustafa Aksakal, The Ottoman Road to War in 1914. Priego Alberto, ‘The Creation of the Azerbaijani Identity and its Influence on Foreign Policy’, UNISCI Discussion Papers, May 2005. Audrey Altstadt, The Azerbaijani Turks. Sevinj Aliyeva, Dismemberment of Azerbaijani Lands: Emergence of Southern Dagestan on Russian Empire’s Map, 1RS, Summer 2016. W.E.D. Allen, Georgia and the Caucasus, in John Buchan (editor), The Baltic and Caucasian States. W.E.D. Alien, The Caucasus and Caucasian Azerbaijan, in John Buchan (editor), The Baltic and Caucasian States. W.E.D. 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Bechhofer, In Denikin’s Russia and the Caucasus. C.E. Bechhofer Roberts, A Wanderer’s Log. Alexandre Bennigsen, ‘Islam or Local Consciousness among Soviet Nationalities’, Edward Allworth (ed.), Soviet Nationalities Problems. L. Beria, On the History of the Bolshevik Organizations in Transcaucasia. Stephen Blank, Transcaucasia. Nationalism and Social Change in Demetrius Charles Boulger, England and Russia in Central Asia. George Bournourian, The Armenian Church and the Political Formation of Eastern Armenia,’ AR 36, no. 3 (1983). George Bournourian, Eastern Armenia in the Last Decades of Persian Rule, 1807-1828. George Bournourian, The 1823 Russian Survey of the Karabagh Province: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of Karabagh in the Early 19th Century. 896 George Bournoutian, ‘Eastern Armenia from the Seventeenth Century to the Russian Annexation,’ in The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, ed. Richard G. Hovannisian. Sara Brinegar, The Oil Deal: Nariman Narimanov and the Sovietization of Azerbaijan, Slavic Review, Number 2, Summer 2017. G. Brinkley, The Volunteer Army and Allied Intervention in South Russia, 1917-1921. James Bryce, Transcaucasia and Ararat. Sir George Buchanan, My Mission to Russia and other Diplomatic Memories, Voi. II. William C. Bullitt, The Tragedy of Versailles, Life, Voi. XVI, No. 13, March 1944. James Bünyan and H.H. Fisher eds, Bolshevik Revolution 1917-1918. Anita Burdett, Caucasian Boundaries and Maps, 1802-1946. Kaya Tuncer Çağlayan, British Policy Toward Transcaucasia, 1917-1921. Thomas Callander, The Athenian Empire and the British. Major General Sir C.E. Callwell, Field Marshall Sir Henry Wilson, His Life and Diaries, Voi. II. Ali Bilge Cankorel, ‘Contributions of the Turkish Eastern Army Under General Kazım Karabekir’s Command to Turkish National Resistance and Peace-Making with the Caucasian Republics at World War I and the Following Turkish War of Liberation’, from Review of Armenian Studies, 2018, Issue 38. Roger Casement, England’s Care for the Truth — by One who Knows Both. Antranig Chalabian, Dro. James Chambers, The Devil’s Horsemen. Sir Valentine Chirol, The Middle Eastern Question; Or Some Political Problems of Indian Defence. 897 R.P. Churchill, The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. Winston S. Churchill, The Great War, Voi. IV. Winston S. Churchill, The World Crisis, Aftermath. Winston S. Churchill, Great Contemporaries. G.D. Clayton, Britain and the Eastern Question. Brendan Clifford, On the Origins of Stalinism, Problems of Communism, Spring 1980. Brendan Clifford, What is a Nation? by Ernest Renan and Joseph Stalin. Richard Cobden, Russia and England. Stephen F. Cohen, Bukharin and the Russian Revolution. Svante E. Cornell, Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus. C.R.M.F. Cruttwell, A History of the Great War, 1914-1918. George Curzon, Persia and the Persian Question, Voi. 1. George Curzon, Russia in Central Asia. Robert Daniels, A Documentary History of Communism, Vol.2. J. Darwin, The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970. Robert Vincent Davies, The Conscience of the Revolution: Communist Opposition in Soviet Russia. Roderic Davison, The Armenian Crisis, 1912-1914, in Richard Hovannisian, The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times. Richard Debo, Revoiution and Survival·. The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia 1917-18. Jane Degras, Soviet Documents on Foreign Policy, Voi 1. Alfred Dennis, The Foreign Policies of Soviet Russia. Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, Archive Documents of Great Britain. 898 EJ. Dillon, The Inside Story of the Peace Conference. 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Zimmern, Europe in Convalescence. 914 Index Ankara 268, 323, 650, 692, 708, 712, 713, 714, 717, 798, 801, 813, 814, 826, 827, 837, 838, 842, 845, 856, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 868, 870, 873, 876, 878, 882, 883, 886, 887, 888 Appressian, Ohanus 195, 545, 661 Araxes 32, 36, 37, 53, 54, 55, 59, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 120,126,149,152,185, 212, 233, 248, 405, 468, 480, 502, 537, 549, 588, 751, 786, 873 Ardahan 78,141,142,143, 160, 267, 393, 399, 400, 407, 425, 473, 560, 660, 863, 871, 882 Army of Islam 478,479,481, 482, 485, 486, 497, 500 Arshak Gavafian 309 see also Keri Arstsruni, Grigor 158,159 Astrakhan 26, 636, 647, 666, 729, 830, 845 Athol Books 17 Azerbaijan National Council 530 Agaronian, A. 563 Aghayev, Hasan Bey 575, 640 Alexander I, Tsar 29, 38, 45, 100,130 Alexander II, Tsar 29,118, 129,130,142,157,164, 183,909 Alexandropol/ Gymru Treaty of 233, 282, 287, 470, 472, 863, 866, 872, 873, 876, 877 Amazasp/Srvantzian 309 Anatolia 11,12,15, 31, 45, 66, 71, 72, 74, 86, 91,102, 141,142,144,148,203, 266, 268, 269, 280, 284, 289, 299, 303, 305, 306, 312,315, 337, 393,399, 416, 418, 426, 429, 441, 443, 454, 473, 568, 569, 679, 687, 692, 694, 695, 705, 710,711,783, 794, 796, 797, 798, 799, 802, 813, 814, 818, 820, 827, 838, 840, 843, 867, 868, 869, 870, 879, 880, 886, 900, 905 Andranik, General 282, 307, 309, 399, 424, 432, 444, 445, 450, 457, 474, 475, 481, 545, 546, 547, 549, 659, 764, 783, 784, 824 Anglo-Russian Agreement 57, 242, 243, 253, 254 Anglo-Russian Convention 12, 242, 243, 245, 247, 254, 277, 749, 752, 898 Anglosphere 13,14,19,116, 156, 196,198, 225, 434, 458, 509, 554, 565, 673, 685, 686, 691, 695, 786 Baghdad 6, 32,172,173, 223, 224, 225, 239, 244, 252, 257, 269, 380, 403, 404, 408, 409, 418, 421, 422, 433, 444, 445, 446, 447, 487, 499, 520, 523, 689, 698, 899, 905 Baku 11,17,20,33,34,37, 45, 51, 55, 60, 65, 73, 77, 85, 95, 96,125,146,148, 149,151,152,162,166, 169,179,180,181,182, 183,184,185,186,191, 915 861, 862, 863, 870, 872, 885, 888, 890,901,906, 911,912, 914 Balfour, Arthur 175, 223, 229, 375, 377, 384, 385, 406, 413, 423,433, 434, 435, 442, 459, 460, 461, 462, 533, 556, 577, 583, 586, 587, 589, 590, 591, 599, 607, 610, 655, 669, 671, 673, 674, 675, 676, 681, 685, 696, 725, 745, 746, 820, 899 Barker, J. Ellis 226,896 Batum 128,136,142,143, 146,181,194, 267, 282, 361, 393, 400, 402, 404, 407, 409, 413, 416, 432, 466, 472, 473, 474, 475, 478, 481, 504, 518, 520, 533, 538, 543, 549, 587, 590, 594, 644, 645, 646, 648, 660, 663, 678, 715, 716, 758, 775, 779, 800, 815, 844,864, 882, 890 Batumi 317, 467, 643, 646, 660, 807, 811,867, 880, 882, 883 Beaverbrook, Lord 602, 747, 896 Belfast 17,155 Berlin 6, 99, 144,158,173, 177, 223, 224, 225, 239, 241, 251, 253, 258, 260, 265,267, 269, 278, 384, 408,418,421,422,427, 444,445, 498, 512, 523, 565, 689, 698, 708, 712, 720, 866, 905 Bicherakov, General 483, 487, 488, 490, 495, 500, 530, 542, 543, 544, 633 Bismarck, Otto von 141,221, 222, 682 192,194,196,197, 198, 199, 207, 209, 216, 233, 234, 238, 248, 257, 282, 317, 326, 352, 353, 354, 356, 357, 358, 359, 361, 362, 376, 392, 403, 404, 408, 409,410, 411,416, 418,419,426,428, 431, 436, 439, 440, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 464, 467, 469, 473, 477,478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483,484,485,486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 506, 507, 509, 510, 511,512,513,518, 520, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 535, 536, 537, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 546, 548, 549, 554, 559, 564, 565, 571, 575, 577, 578, 584, 585, 587, 594, 596, 617, 631, 632, 633, 635, 636, 637, 638, 641, 645, 646, 648, 649, 650, 652, 653, 658, 659, 663, 666, 670, 671, 672, 678, 686, 687, 692, 693, 708, 711,714,741,754, 756, 758, 760, 763, 764, 765, 769, 771, 774, 775, 776, 777,779, 780, 781, 785, 791, 802, 804, 805, 806, 807, 815, 823, 825, 826, 827, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 916 469, 474, 483, 484, 486, 487, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 502, 503, 510, 512, 513, 515, 517, 523, 531, 535, 536, 540, 543, 545, 576, 577, 578, 582, 583, 585, 587, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 599, 603, 608, 610, 611,612, 613,614,615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 623, 626, 627, 628, 630, 631, 634, 635, 636, 638, 639, 644, 646, 648, 649, 651, 655, 657, 658, 665, 666, 669, 670, 671, 686, 691, 693, 703, 708, 709, 710, 711,712,713, 716, 721, 722, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 748, 751, 753, 758, 759, 761, 762, 766, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 791, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 807, 808, 810,811, 812, 814, 822, 825, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 835, 836, 837, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 849, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 882, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 892, 909, 914 Brest-Litovsk 7, 8, 322, 333, 334, 340, 344, 373, 376, 383, 384, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 397, 400, 401, 407, 421, Bitlis 268, 282, 283, 285, 287, 310, 315, 323, 399, 474, 557, 687, 817, 863, 868 Black Sea 19, 20, 25, 27, ЗО, 32, 35, 38, 45, 66,78,102, 104,105,106,107,108, 109,111,113,114,115, 117,118,119,120,121, 123,125,127,128,130, 131,133,140,141,142, 146,147,148,177,178, 180,181, 233, 259, 270, 282, 299, 300, 302, 303, 308, 381,400, 404,408, 410,427,446, 474, 504, 513, 518, 520, 521, 533, 553, 558, 561, 588, 594, 596, 629, 698, 710, 715, 760, 820, 844, 863, 864, 878, 891,911 Blockade 52,118,250,251, 324, 376, 382, 410, 412, 419, 469, 514, 577, 610, 616, 617, 619, 622, 679, 703, 720, 729, 813 Boghos see also Nubar Pasha 315, 423, 556, 563, 679, 787, 788 Bokhara 404, 408, 412, 445 Bolsheviks 7, 8, 9,10,15, 66, 151,186, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 344, 345, 349, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 384, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 400, 401, 421, 427, 428, 439, 441, 442, 443, 444, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 453, 454, 456, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 464, 466, 917 428, 444, 450, 459, 461, 463, 464, 465, 467, 472, 478, 484, 485, 510, 512, 513, 593, 594,611,613, 731, 806, 864, 866, 872, 882, 913 Bryce, James 153,154,155, 156,157, 423, 507, 508, 555, 659, 681, 897 Buchan, John 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 35, 96,126,149,150, 181,188, 294, 316, 356, 357, 555, 646, 729, 849, 895 Bukharin, Nikolai 388, 389, 391, 394, 731, 898 Bullitt, William 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 617, 622, 627, 738, 806, 897 Byzantium 20, 26, 28, 72, 106, 203, 818 126,127,128,129,130, 131,135, 138,141,142, 143,144,145,146,147, 148,149,150,151,152, 153,154,155,156,157, 158,159,160,162,164, 165,166,167,170,171, 174,179,181,182,183, 186,187,188,189,190, 192,196, 197,199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206,207, 208, 210, 211, 213, 215, 216,217,225, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 244, 262, 265,266, 267, 268,269, 281,282, 283, 285, 286, 289,293, 294, 303, 306, 308, 309, 310, 312,313,314,316,317, 318, 323, 346, 347, 348, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 372, 374, 377, 378, 379,381, 384, 393, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411,412, 413,414,415, 416, 417, 418,419,420, 421, 422, 423,424, 425, 426,427, 428, 429, 431, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440,441, 442, 443, 444,445, 446, 448, 449, 453, 456,457, 458, 459, 466, 471, 472, 474, 476, 477, 478,479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 487, 488, 492, 494,496, 497, 498, 503, 504, 505, 506, 510, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 525, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, Cadets 356, 454, 542 Caspian Sea 20, 33, 55, 64, 65, 67,122,125,311,404, 405, 406, 408, 445, 446, 488, 489, 491, 532, 536, 537, 545, 552, 774 Catherine, the Great 19, 29, 34, 35, 38, 39, 73, 88, 89, 104,171, 698 Caucasus 1,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10,11,12,13,14,15,16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41,44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99,100, 102,104,105,108,110, 112,113,114,117,119, 121,122,123,124,125, 918 522, 591, 599, 604, 609, 610, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 629, 664, 665, 666, 705, 706, 707, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 732, 741, 742, 743, 744, 753, 754, 762, 773, 775, 776, 778, 779, 782, 796, 797, 798, 818, 842, 889, 898, 902 Cilicia 72, 315, 474, 553, 557, 565, 575, 695, 864 Circassians 95,107, 108, 111, 113,124,125,126,127 Clemenceau, George 380, 572, 610, 668, 675, 773 Cobden, Richard 105,107, 109, 274, 898 Colonel House 461, 611, 613, 614, 620, 673 Cordon Sanitaire 9, 754 Cossacks 20, 33, 73, 80,113, 127,166,170,187,192, 293,311,326, 377, 378, 379, 383, 387, 439, 463, 500, 594, 596, 723, 728, 732 Cox, Percy 437, 438, 439, 504, 506, 521, 588, 751 Crimea 26, 27, 30, 34, 73, 106,107,109,114,118, 119.120.121.123.124, 127.129.130.131.141, 144,167, 356, 381, 408, 416, 463, 594, 595, 710, 736, 849, 873, 876, 892, 893 Crimean War 5,86,115,116, 118.119.122.123.124, 126.129.136.141, 222, 407, 757 Crowe, Eyre 525, 526, 558, 583, 584, 679, 680, 706, 728, 859 536, 544, 545, 549, 553, 554, 556, 557, 559, 560, 561, 562, 564, 565, 566, 569, 572, 574, 575, 579, 581, 583, 585, 586, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 598, 607,611,613, 615, 616, 625, 626, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 636, 637, 638, 641, 645, 646, 650, 651, 653, 655, 656, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 682, 683, 684, 687, 688, 692, 693, 709,710, 711,712, 714, 715, 716, 717, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 729, 737, 738, 740, 744, 747, 750, 754, 755, 758, 759, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 768, 771, 772, 773, 775, 776, 777, 779, 780, 781, 782, 785, 788, 790, 791, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803, 804, 807, 808, 809, 813, 815, 818, 819, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 828, 829, 833, 834, 835, 836, 839, 841, 842, 843, 848, 849, 853, 856, 858, 861, 862, 864, 867, 869, 872, 876, 877, 878, 881, 883, 884, 885, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 895, 896, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 906, 908, 909,910,911, 912, 913 Cecil, Lord Robert 247, 377, 380, 434, 462, 558, 590, 629 Churchill, Winston 13, 226, 247, 254, 270, 273, 297, 299, 301, 406, 411, 521, 919 CUP 281, 297, 681, 859, See also Young Turks Curzon, Lord 9, 64, 65, 67, 120,130,131,132,134, 137,138, 140,171, 172, 174,175, 231, 232, 233, 235, 237, 244, 245, 252, 405, 406, 410, 412, 521, 534, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 577, 581, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 598, 599, 609, 610, 628, 629, 662, 663, 664,665, 669, 672, 673, 675, 676, 679, 696, 698, 706, 707, 735, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 753, 754, 756, 758, 759, 762, 767, 768, 769, 773, 777, 779, 781, 786, 787, 788, 803, 808, 809,811,812,819, 822, 825, 867, 870, 884, 885, 888, 898, 899, 900, 902, 907, 909 Cyprus 144,145,146, 267, 270 289, 292, 294, 305, 311, 312, 356, 358, 399, 400, 401, 402, 429, 439, 445, 447, 450, 453,454,455, 457,473, 475,477,481, 482, 506, 545, 547, 548, 554, 560, 564, 658, 659, 680, 681,684, 686, 766, 782, 784, 787, 795, 803, 824, 825, 832, 838, 861, 870, 873, 874, 875, 876 Dashnaktsutiun 88,157,158, 159,160,162,189,190, 195, 202, 280, 281, 307, 315, 455, 469, 572, See also Dashnaks Denikin, General 8, 9, 377, 463, 520, 530, 534, 543, 544, 578, 596, 597, 609, 610, 616, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 646, 650, 665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 680, 714, 715, 716, 717, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 732, 733, 734, 735, 737, 740, 744, 747, 755, 758, 759, 760, 765, 767, 769, 772, 774, 776, 777, 778, 780, 781, 782, 797, 799, 805, 806, 807, 812, 815, 829, 836, 839, 846, 856, 874, 884, 896 Derbend 22, 46, 55, 77,149, 729 Don, River 20, 33,113, 377, 463, 520, 590, 596, 626, 724, 733, 767, 841, 845 Drage, Geoffrey 90, 162, 163, 202, 899 Drang nach Osten 408, 422, 511,698 Drastamat, Kanayan 309, 783, 876 see also Dro Daghestan 31, 32, 49, 51, 55, 57,91,126, 149,317,393, 464, 475, 500, 501, 502, 504,505, 506,511,519, 538, 587, 630, 631, 632, 633, 635, 636, 651, 663, 693, 714, 728, 740, 759, 766, 800, 805, 807, 815, 818, 828, 839, 845, 846, 889, See also Mountain Republic Dardanelles 105,130,141, 143, 177, 259, 260, 299, 301, 303, 585, 596, 730, 878 Dashnak 158,161,162,164, 166,190,191,194, 268, 280, 281, 284, 286, 288, 920 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 86, 91, 95,102,143,146,148, 149,158,159,160,192, 205, 230, 233, 282, 285, 287, 309, 312, 313, 314, 317, 356, 403, 429, 441, 465, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 481,503,511,546, 547, 548, 549, 552, 558, 560, 562, 568, 569, 570, 571, 634, 658, 659, 680, 684, 686, 715, 763, 764, 783, 786, 787, 788, 795, 801, 803, 805, 821, 822, 838, 847, 855, 861, 862, 863, 866, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 877, 878, 882, 884, 886, 907 Erivan Republic 314, 472, 473, 474, 562, 803, 821, 863, 872 Erzemm 230, 281, 282, 283, 315, 446, 474, 551, 863, 872 Erzincan Treaty 441 Esher, Lord 176, 324, 385, 386, 681, 682, 744, 899 Dro, General 548, 573, 764, 783, 785, 786, 787, 791, 792, 793, 794, 876, 897, see also Drastamat Kanayan Duma 158,178,189, 210, 257, 317, 318, 319, 323, 329, 331, 348, 350, 356, 365, 391, 476, 532, 564 Dunn, Robert Steed 790, 791, 794, 899 Dunsterville, Major 7, 408, 409, 445,447, 455, 483, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491,492,494,495,496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 502, 506, 523, 543, 554, 899 Durnovo, Pyotr 178,262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 321 Eastern Committee 8, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 489, 556, 557, 559, 561, 581, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 598, 663, 664, 675, 706, 724, 744 Echmiedzin 142, 309, 472, 684 Egypt 12, 42,106,107,145, 267, 534, 629, 657, 668, 707, 776, 809 Elizavetpol 49, 79, 84, 95, 148,192, 285, 313, 436, 441, 455, 470, 570, 847 Enver Pasha 211, 266, 317, 402, 477, 478, 504, 510, 519, 692, 704, 801, 805, 815, 827, 828, 837, 840, 848, 858, 859, 902, 914 Enzeli 33,147,181, 233, 447, 486, 488, 489, 490, 495, 520, 523, 525, 527, 532, 776, 885 Erivan 7, 32, 45, 50, 51, 53, 55, 61, 64, 65, 72, 73, 74, Forester-Walker, General 538, 663 Ganje 34,49, 55, 60, 61, 95, 150,192,317,318, 353, 358, 436, 441, 442, 477, 479, 482, 641, 650, 765, 788, 840, 845, 846, 852 General Shore 379, 432 General Thomson 520, 523, 525, 526, 527, 528, 530, 531, 533, 539, 540, 541, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 561, 573, 577, 631, 632, 633, 645, 659, 662, 663 921 Georgia 21, 22, 25, 35, 36, 37, 45, 46, 48, 53, 55, 60, 62, 65, 67, 74, 84, 88, 89, 100,104,114,148,163, 182,183, 186, 187,188, 282,311,347, 348, 349, 350, 352, 358, 366, 370, 396, 402, 408, 409, 427, 428, 464, 469, 473, 475, 476, 477, 484, 485, 496, 502, 519, 520, 523, 526, 531, 538, 539, 553, 563, 566, 567, 571, 573, 584, 585, 590, 609, 630, 631, 632, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 642, 658, 659, 663, 670, 678, 709, 715, 725, 739, 740, 747, 754, 755, 759, 761, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 772, 773, 774, 775, 777, 778, 779, 780, 782, 796, 798, 799, 807, 808, 809, 810, 815, 822, 825, 826, 828, 838, 842, 844, 846, 851, 861, 862, 866, 867, 868, 870, 876, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 895, 903, 914 Germany 2,4, 6,12,15,19, 120,128,168,169,173, 174, 176, 180,203, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 228, 229, 237, 238, 240, 241, 242, 244, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 259, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 284, 288, 295, 296, 297, 298, 300, 301, 302, 308, 320, 321, 325, 326, 329, 330, 332, 334, 344, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 393, 394, 396, 404, 406,408,409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 418,433, 444, 445, 449, 460, 461, 462, 476,484, 487, 496, 508, 510, 514, 515, 517, 523, 526, 544, 562, 563, 565, 576, 581, 586, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 608, 614,615, 616,617,619, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 627, 689, 691, 697, 698, 701,702, 703, 711,719, 720, 721, 725, 729, 730, 734, 748, 759, 761, 768, 770, 803, 819, 904 Girs, Nikolai 165 Glacis 135, 137,138, 139, 232, 238, 406, 517, 587, 589, 629, 745 Gladstone, Wiliam 136, 141, 142,145, 256, 274, 658, 659, 910 Golitsyn, Prince 187,188, 209 Graham 147,148,169, 170, 667, 892, 900,911 Graham, Stephen 894 Greeks 16, 86,107, 155, 156, 436, 669, 686, 690, 694, 695, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 796, 797, 800, 803, 818, 863, 873, 879, 880, 886, 887, 888, 893 Grey, Sir Edward 15, 111, 116,140, 228, 237, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 252, 255, 256, 260,269, 270, 272, 273, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 298, 300, 301, 583, 673, 685, 690, 696, 746, 814 922 468, 473, 474, 477, 490, 502, 519, 521, 530, 537, 538, 575, 672, 673, 710, 752, 791, 794, 856, 877, 879, 884, 896, 900, 902, 904, 913, see also Persia Iraq 12, 297, 313, 405, 438, 657, 668, 750, 776 Ireland 49, 51, 91,107, 214, 241, 247, 271, 620, 629, 657, 668, 776, 809, 812, 814, 913 Irish Foreign Affairs 17 Ishkhan 309, See also Nikoghayos Mikayelian Istanbul 12, 32, 33,48,102, 105,106,107,108,111, 129,133,142,148,161, 211, 219, 220, 221, 239, 247, 248, 258, 266, 268, 269, 280, 284, 286, 288, 289, 295, 296, 299, 303, 308, 312, 323, 397, 399, 401, 459, 468, 472, 475, 479, 480, 482, 485,511, 512, 518, 519, 520, 521, 524, 575, 577, 588,611, 648, 687, 692, 696, 702, 708, 710, 713, 776, 796, 798, 813, 814, 815, 897 Izvolski, Alexander 258, 259, 260 Gülistan, Treaty 55 Hacobian, A.P. 423,425, 429, 509, 901 Hajinskii, Mammad 574, 843 Halil Bey, Pasha 6, 290, 291, 511 Hankey, Sir Maurice 256, 606, 612, 690, 721, 746, 778 Harbord, General James 687, 688, 795, 801 Hardinge, Charles 241, 486, 577, 769 Haskell, Colonel 675, 686, 869 Haskell. Wiliam 869 Henry, James Dodds 40,124, 179,181,191,192,229, 230, 231, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244, 330, 377, 383, 514, 545, 559, 564, 581, 583, 613, 620, 621, 629, 692, 707, 755, 776, 777, 778, 809, 818, 888, 897, 901, 907, 908, 914 Howe, Frederic 358 Hunchak 159,164, 554 Indian Empire 15,40,60, 103,105, 111, 129,134, 136,138,139,140,172, 217, 232, 251,252,403, 404, 406, 438, 517, 522, 539, 543, 587, 588, 748, 753, 762, 781, 803 Iran 12, 32, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59, 60, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71,79, 80, 95,111, 140, 182,184, 185,198, 203, 209, 212, 216, 231, 235, 236, 237, 245, 248, 249, 252, 308, 312, 316, 403, 405, 414, 418, 441, Karabakh 5, 26, 31, 32, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 60, 61, 65, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 89,91,158,192, 441, 470, 474, 475,511,545, 546, 547, 548, 569, 570, 571, 573, 659, 678, 680, 684, 714, 764, 791, 802, 805, 823, 824, 825, 826,844, 852, 853, 854, 855, 861, 868, 869, 883, 923 Khoy 48, 268,474,481 Khoyski, Ali Khan 210, 397, 467, 470, 480, 500, 501, 509, 526, 541, 546, 574, 575, 640, 642, 643, 644, 772 Khoyski. Fatah Khan 470 Kidston, George 638, 680, 681, 768, 769 Kiev 26,122, 726, 741, 862 Kolchak, Admiral 463, 530, 531, 578, 597, 610, 626, 630, 632, 637, 722, 723, 741, 774, 778 Kornilov, General 342, 343, 344, 345, 377, 439, 463, 596 Kurds 36,46,142,156,165, 211,284,293,312,423, 432, 434, 442, 558, 569, 681, 694, 764, 783, 803 896, 900, 901, 902,903, 913 Karabekir, Kazim 478, 482, 692, 693, 709,711,712, 713, 714, 794, 795, 799, 800, 815, 827, 828, 838, 865, 866, 870, 872, 902 Karinian, A.B. 766 Karıman, Kazim 159,182, 183, 452, 766, 903 Kars 54, 55, 72, 78, 86,117, 128,141,142,143,146, 147,158,160,182,199, 200, 233, 267, 282, 287, 303, 313, 314, 317, 393, 399, 401, 402, 407, 413, 421, 424, 427, 428, 441, 465, 473, 549, 560, 568, 658, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 679, 692, 715, 763, 784,794, 795, 823, 828, 840, 863, 864, 865, 870, 871, 872, 883, 902, 906 Katchaznouni, Hovhannes 472, 474, 659, 660, 795, 822, 871, 903 Kautsky, Karl 881 Kazan 26, 27, 356, 414, 415, 416, 418, 512, 513 Kemal Cicek 17 Kerman, George 221, 223, 323, 327, 330, 332, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 345, 373, 384, 387, 389, 390, 462, 615, 903 Kerensky, Alexander 323, 331, 332, 333, 334, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 350, 363, 368, 376, 426, 427, 428, 461, 502, 545 Ken 309, 424 see also Arshak Gavafian Kerr, Sir Philip 612,704,746 Khalil, Bey 50,89,210 Law, Andrew Bonar 607 Lazarev, General Lazar 80, 81,82,159 League of Nations 14,578, 584, 589, 606, 656, 671, 679, 689, 690, 717, 720, 721, 746, 770, 774, 787, 801, 806, 808, 815, 818, 848, 852, 853, 864, 870, 881, 903, 904 Leeague of Nations 566 Lenin, Vladimir 8,15, 24, 323, 327, 330, 332, 333, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 344, 345, 346, 349, 352, 362, 364, 368, 369, 371, 372, 374, 376, 377, 383, 384, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 420, 421, 431, 433, 444, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 454, 461, 462,483, 497, 510,512,513, 515, 924 626, 627, 628, 629, 669, 671, 674, 685, 689, 690, 693, 695, 696, 697, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 721, 722, 724, 726, 728, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 742, 744, 745, 746, 747, 753, 754, 755, 762, 773, 777, 779, 780, 781, 782, 798, 800, 803, 806, 810, 812, 813, 814, 815, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 860, 868, 873, 881, 882, 887, 888, 889, 896, 904 Lockhart, Bruce 320, 330, 345, 375, 376, 377, 384, 445, 459, 460, 462, 583, 596, 904 London 9, 36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 52, 53, 54, 59, 77, 81,103, 108, 111, 116,131,132, 137,140,141,172,176, 177, 239, 243, 258, 261, 277, 295, 300, 308, 325, 334, 340, 373, 375, 382, 384, 403, 405, 422, 423, 433, 435, 447, 459, 460, 474, 500, 506, 533, 536, 539, 544, 546, 560, 564, 565, 577, 581, 583, 588, 609, 618, 622, 646, 651, 659, 668, 669, 670, 672, 676, 677, 679, 682, 690, 692, 696, 710, 719, 723, 724, 725, 735, 755, 756, 760, 764, 767, 780, 781, 786, 788, 789, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 810, 817, 824, 825, 826, 848, 861, 864, 866, 868, 875, 878, 882, 887, 895, 903, 914 London Conference 560 545, 593, 596, 612, 613, 615, 616, 618, 622, 626, 711,727, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 736, 738, 739, 741, 743, 744, 791, 806, 810, 815, 826, 829, 830, 833, 834, 835, 838, 844, 845, 855, 856, 868, 871, 872, 879, 880, 883, 903, 904, 912, 913 Liddell, Robert Scodand 296, 501, 502, 682, 693, 764, 788, 789, 901 Lloyd George 15,16, 254, 330, 331, 332, 333, 372, 375, 381, 382, 386, 387, 394, 405, 433, 487, 514, 555, 572, 576, 582, 592, 598, 599, 600, 602, 603, 605, 606, 607, 608, 610, 611.612, 614, 615, 619, 620, 621, 622, 624, 626, 627, 628, 629, 669, 671, 674, 685, 689, 690, 693, 695, 696, 697, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 721, 722, 724, 726, 728, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 742, 744, 745, 746, 747, 753, 754, 755, 762, 773, 777, 779, 780, 781, 782, 798, 800, 803, 806, 810, 812, 813, 814, 815, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 860, 868, 873, 881, 882, 887, 888, 889, 896, 904 Lloyd, George 8, 9,15,16, 254, 330, 331, 332, 333, 372, 375, 381, 382, 386, 387, 394, 405, 433, 487, 514, 555, 572, 576, 582, 592, 598, 599, 600, 602, 603, 605, 606, 607, 608, 610.611.612, 614, 615, 619, 620, 621, 622, 624, 925 Mesopotamia 12, 32, 59,144, 224, 239, 297, 300, 303, 315, 404, 405, 406,418, 421, 425, 438,446, 447, 504, 505, 533, 539, 559, 566, 674, 706, 707, 773, 776, 817, 910 Milne, General 541, 544, 546, 630, 658, 662, 663, 664, 665, 679, 797 Milner, Lord 269, 277, 330, 342, 375, 380, 381, 382, 385, 386, 407, 411, 460, 461, 462, 597, 610, 696 Montagu, Edwin 488, 696, 776 Moscow 25, 26, 54,178, 320, 335, 345, 357,424,448, 455, 458, 462, 478, 497, 498, 512, 513, 522, 577, 582, 595, 611, 612, 613, 618, 639, 710,711,714, 716, 717, 723, 725, 726, 727, 729, 732, 733, 735, 758, 760, 762, 806, 809, 828, 833, 834, 835, 839, 845, 846, 857, 866, 867, 868, 872, 873, 875, 876, 878, 879, 880, 883, 884, 886, 889 Mountain Republic 475, 631, 632, 728, See also Daghestan Mudros 8, 510, 518, 547, 552, 556, 560, 658, 660, 696, 698, 715, 842, 863, 864, 866 Müsavat 6, 206, 209, 213, 316, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 362, 363, 365, 366, 369, 392, 397, 449, 450, 451, 453, 454, 455, 458, 465,467, 468, 539, 540, 541, 542, 544, 548, 637, 638, 639, 640, 642, 643, Lord Salisbury 13,136,143, 174, 220, 230, 750 Luxemburg, Rosa 368, 395, 730, 904 Lvov, Prince 333,341,345 MacDonell, Ranald 8,150, 162,165,191,192,193, 194, 326, 431, 436, 437, 440, 452,455,456,457, 458, 459, 490, 491, 493, 494, 495, 502, 503, 536, 634, 769, 810, 811, 904 Mackinder, Sir Halford 172, 173, 277, 588, 625, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 774, 775, 904 MacNeill, Sir John 46,47,59, 61, 62, 63, 78, 87,104, 110,111,904 Magna Armenia 8, 474, 557, 558, 561, 562, 567, 568, 569, 696, 820, 853 Malcolm, James 40, 43, 52, 53,102,103, 423, 435, 825, 861, 877 Mallet, Sir Louis 312, 577, 578, 670 Malta 113,575,813 Manoukian, Aram 312, 313 March Events 402, 443, 451, 455, 458, 459, 467, 486, 490, 491, 500, 540, 648, 831 Maxse, Leopold 241, 242, 244, 277 Mediterranean Sea 561 Mensheviks 186, 338, 347, 348, 349, 350, 352, 354, 360, 362, 364, 366, 367, 369, 383, 391, 396, 398, 443, 449, 454, 495, 496, 497, 498, 542, 594, 759, 880, 881, 883, 895 926 644, 645, 649, 650, 651, 653, 657, 672, 764, 831, 833, 835, 836, 837, 839, 840, 841, 846 Mustapha Kemal 421, 692, 696, 699, 708, 709, 711, 774, 798, 799, 800, 804, 805, 813, 814, 826, 827, 828, 837, 838, 839, 841, 842, 848, 862, 865, 866, 871, 873, 878, 879, 880, 888, 906 Nitti, Francesco 671, 819, 820, 907 Norman, Sir Henry 34, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 257, 277, 297, 298, 325, 755, 907,911 Nuri, Pasha 478, 479, 480, 485, 500, 501, 502, 509, 524, 527, 693, 714, 805, 815, 837, 845 Oliphant, Laurence 119,120, 121, 907 Ordzhonikidze, G.K. 843, 844, 845, 854, 856, 880 OZAKOM 348,365 Nakhchivan 32, 45, 55, 64, 65, 77,79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 160,192,474,475,481, 547, 548, 560, 561, 660, 662, 678, 683, 684, 686, 711,791,802, 805, 855, 856, 857, 868, 869, 880, 883 Napoleon 19, 41, 42, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 60, 78, 100,101,123,130, 388, 461, 604, 682, 733 Narimanov, Nariman 10, 185, 208, 352, 363, 636, 637, 807, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 844, 845, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 897, 906, 907 National Academy of Sciences 17 National Pact 711,796,878 Nicholas I, Tsar 115 Nicholas II, Tsar 197, 309, 337 Nicolson, Arthur 132, 253, 255, 275, 696, 697, 698, 699, 701, 703, 706, 735, 748, 749, 750, 907 Nicolson, Harold 255 Nikoghayos Mikayelian see also Ishkhan Paleologue 307, 308, 908 Palestine 12,106, 403, 406, 447, 533, 539, 559, 560, 674, 706, 707, 743, 750, 776, 777, 817, 870 Palmerston, Lord 69 Papazian, Vahan 287, 288 Paris 8,56,65,99,100,118, 119,123,125,130,141, 144, 223, 253, 260, 269, 334, 340, 373, 380, 381, 425, 461, 515, 534, 542, 544, 548, 550, 562, 563, 564, 565, 567, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 581, 586, 609,610,611,614, 615,617, 618, 619, 625, 628, 632, 634, 635, 651, 664, 666, 669, 671, 672, 674, 678, 679, 685, 689, 692, 696, 698, 699, 700, 701, 710, 731, 745, 746, 751, 756, 764, 768, 770, 774, 777, 779, 780, 781, 786, 796, 798, 810, 818, 821, 847, 864, 876, 886, 896, 902, 905, 906, 908 927 Pasdermadjian, Garegin 88, 89,161,190, 281, 293, 311,426,429, 471,509, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 634, 908 Paskevich, General 50, 61, 62, 80, 81, 92, 93,102 Paul, Tsar 38, 42, 43 Percy Sykes 404, 405, 499, 500 Persia 5, 6,12,13, 14,15, 20, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 46, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66,67,69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 82, 84, 86, 89, 94,100,101,102,104, 105,108,110, 111, 120, 121,122,125,129,131, 137, 138, 146, 147, 149, 150,171,172,173,185, 204, 208, 209, 213, 217, 224, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 258, 263, 265, 268, 282, 300, 302, 308, 347, 365, 377, 379, 404, 405, 406, 408, 413, 414, 417, 418, 425, 427, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 446, 447, 468, 480, 481, 487, 488, 489, 495, 496, 497, 500, 502, 503, 504, 506, 518, 520, 521, 522, 523, 527, 532, 533, 537, 538, 550, 566, 567, 579, 585, 587, 588, 594, 638, 660, 669, 672, 720, 740, 743, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 768, 773, 776, 777, 781, 791, 807, 834, 846, 873, 884, 885, 895, 898, 905, 906, 914, see also Iran Persia, 12,14,15, 34, 36, 40, 43, 47, 53, 56, 58, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 74, 79, 80, 84,101,102,104,105, 110,120, 122,125,129, 137,147,150,171, 172, 173,185,208,230,232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 244, 249, 252, 258, 263, 268, 282, 377, 404, 405, 406, 413, 417, 437, 468, 480, 495, 503, 521, 523, 532, 533, 538, 566, 579, 585, 588, 594, 660, 669, 720, 743, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 776, 777, 781, 846, 885, 905 Petrograd 308, 329, 330, 333, 334, 335, 340, 342, 344, 345, 350, 352, 364, 369, 377, 379, 380, 386, 424, 426, 428, 462, 512, 618, 716, 727, 733, 893 Piłsudski, Marshal 734, 861, 871 Popowski, Josef 69,70,122, 123,124,125,126,127, 128,129, 225, 228, 407, 908 Price, Philips 145,147, 213, 214, 281, 284, 292, 908 Quba 37, 45, 51, 55, 90, 97, 447, 457, 765, 846 Radek, Karl 708,711,712 Rasulzade, Mehmet Emin 185, 209, 210, 316, 357, 359,450,451,452,479, 480, 498, 509, 529, 530, 840, 841, 908 Rawlinson, Sir Alfred 40, 124, 231, 494, 660, 661, 928 Sazonov, Sergei 204, 258, 259, 261, 268, 296, 300, 302, 307 Seim 7, 368, 369, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402, 464, 465, 466, 467, 640 Seljuk Turks 72,211 Serbia 263, 267, 271, 272, 273, 278 Sevres, Treaty 560, 692, 695, 703, 705, 814, 862, 864, 868, 871, 872, 873, 875, 886, 887, 906 Shamakhi 45, 77, 95,151, 457 Shamil 94, 95,124,126,131, 151 Shaumyan, Stephan 352, 353, 362, 369, 421, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 457, 458, 473, 481, 482, 490, 491, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 540, 648, 829, 831 Shirvan 23, 31, 32, 49, 51, 55, 57, 60, 65, 85, 90,100,150 Shusha 49, 50, 60, 61, 84, 85, 89,192,195, 545, 546, 548, 678, 823, 824, 854 Shuttleworth, General 531, 631 Siegfried, Andre 599, 600, 605, 606, 910 Sir Alfred Rawlinson 909 Sir Edward Grey See Sivas 268, 310, 323, 551, 557, 687, 714, 863 Solmaz Rustamova-Tohidi 17 Soviet Union 183,314,451, 510, 782, 822, 852, 855, 876 Spencer, Captain Edmund 112,113,114,911 Srvantzian 309 692, 693, 794, 795, 900, 908, 909 Rawlinson, Sir Henry 795 Red Army 17,387,458,492, 597, 630, 653, 673, 714, 727, 730, 732, 733, 734, 737, 741, 781, 788, 806, 810, 818, 823, 825, 827, 829, 834, 836, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 852, 858, 861, 862, 868, 869, 871, 876, 882, 883, 885 Renan, Ernest 214, 215, 898 Resht 33, 34, 233 Romania 128, 263, 267, 278, 484, 621, 671 Ronaldshay, Earl of 131, 134, 135,137,138,172,175, 223, 225, 237, 242, 243, 244, 406, 909 Round Table 612, 714, 720, see also Royal Institute of International Affairs Royal Institute of International Affairs 612, 714, 720 Royal Navy 13,19, 42, 44, 106,109,118,128,133, 136,152,171,176, 224, 227, 229, 297, 299, 303, 324, 376, 410, 469, 489, 532, 616, 621, 644, 702, 727, 729, 730, 751, 756, 758, 777, 779, 813, 864 Russian Steamroller 251, 275, 302, 325, 326, 341 Safavid 30,31,36,37,39,46, 212 Salisbury, Lord 256, 750 San Stefano 143,144,146, 698 Sarikamis 303,311,316,554, 794 929 St. Petetsburg 25, 33, 45, 56, 59, 71, 76, 90, 92, 102, 115,117,125,171, 178, 180, 200, 202, 234, 238, 241, 245, 262, 267, 296, 342, 364, 375, 378, 403, 423, 439, 448 Stalin, Joseph 52,67,68,152, 196, 209, 210, 215, 216, 323, 327, 330, 332, 333, 336, 339, 340, 345, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 374, 384, 387, 389, 390, 393, 421, 448, 449, 451, 452, 462, 482, 496, 513, 545, 615, 758, 831, 832, 833, 844, 850, 851, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 861, 874, 879, 890, 891, 898, 903, 906, 909,911 Stead, W. T. 143,144, 252, 253, 911 Stolypin, Petr 197,201,210, 257, 258, 259, 260 Straits Convention 109,137, 177, 301 Sultanov, Governor-General 547, 548, 573, 783, 846 Sykes, Percy 500 Sykes-Picot 294, 315, 518, 557, 586 Syria 42, 106, 109, 313, 504, 505, 559, 566, 706, 817 The Times 108,138,147, 165,179,231,233,241, 245,271, 342,385, 386, 407, 506, 532, 535, 553, 597, 598,613, 615, 616, 617, 622, 623, 673, 674, 690, 719, 720, 721, 734, 735, 737, 738, 739, 743, 753, 797, 804, 805, 821, 848, 849, 859 Tiflis 9,31,37,55,60,61,74, 76, 77, 90,128,136,142, 146,148, 149,159,162, 163, 168,178,183,186, 187,188,189,193,194, 197, 199, 201,202,203, 205, 216, 233,238,248, 267, 282, 283,289, 307, 309, 313, 346,347,348, 354, 355, 356,357, 359, 361, 364, 365, 367, 369, 376, 402, 403,404,407, 409, 424, 425,428,429, 431, 432, 435, 436, 437, 445, 446, 449, 465, 469, 471, 475, 477, 479, 483, 486, 490, 496, 520, 531, 533, 552, 571, 573, 641, 658, 677, 725, 754, 759, 763, 764, 765, 786, 789, 790, 795, 801, 802, 805, 821, 823, 825, 830, 845, 863, 882, 883 Topchubashov, Alimardan Bey 209,210,511,512, 542, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 670, 671, 755, 779, 796, 912 Toynbee, Arnold 9, 407, 413, 414,418, 419,438,442, 503, 506, 507, 508, 518, 519, 555, 558, 570, 583, 584, 585, 665, 714, 715, 846, 847, 863, 872, 873, Tabriz 31, 32, 61, 65, 66,102, 147,184,185, 199, 209, 230, 234, 236, 247, 248, 316, 407, 417, 486, 488, 502, 504, 752, 856, 867, 890 Talat Pasha 287,471,479, 711,840 Taurus Mountains 13 Tehran 239, 245, 248, 251, 405, 435, 436, 673 930 834, 835, 836, 837, 847, 849, 857, 861, 862, 863, 871, 874, 876, 877, 884, 886, 887, 888, 889, 891, 896, 897, 902, 903, 906, 908, 909, 912 Transcaucasian Commissariat 348, 350, 364, 365, 370, 379, 395, 397, 401, 435 Treaty of Kars 883 Treaty of Moscow 883 Trotsky, Leon 335, 337, 366, 368, 372, 373, 375, 384, 386, 387, 388, 389, 391, 445,447, 448, 460, 461, 496, 615, 618, 622, 731, 734, 738, 791, 844, 845, 881,912 Tsaritsyn/ Stalingrad 513, 596, 723 Turkmanchai, Treaty of 5, 62, 66, 71, 77,102 880, 883, 884, 886, 887, 912 Trabzon 323, 399, 400, 459, 465, 692, 840, 868, 902 Transcaucasia 7, 8,11,12, 13,15,17, 21,23, 24, 31, 37, 38, 62, 65, 66, 70, 79, 80, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97,103,105, 123,136,142,145,149, 150,151,152,153,154, 155,159,162,185,187, 188,190,195,196,197, 199, 201, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213, 216, 230, 232, 233, 238, 262, 285, 286, 306, 307, 313, 315, 318, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 359, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369, 370, 371, 376, 380, 381, 383, 393, 395, 397, 398, 400, 401, 402, 409, 410, 434, 435, 437, 438, 448, 451, 453, 455, 458, 466, 470, 473, 475, 496, 510, 518, 520, 524, 528, 531, 532, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 543, 549, 550, 556, 561, 563, 572, 578, 579, 581, 584, 587, 588, 593, 594, 595, 621, 628, 629, 633, 635, 636, 647, 650, 655, 657, 658, 660, 663, 664, 665, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 674, 676, 679, 680, 687, 691, 694, 695, 703, 708, 710, 714, 715, 716, 717, 741,754, 758, 766, 767, 768, 770, 772, 773, 774, 779, 781, 791, 796, 799, 800, 802, 803, 804, 807, 808, 811, 812, 823, 825, 830, 832, Ukraine 260,374,377,378, 379, 381, 390, 407, 408, 412, 433, 463, 503, 513, 594, 595, 613, 616, 632, 710, 724, 727, 728, 761, 766, 767, 782, 806, 850, 851, 858, 861 Unklar Skelessi, Treaty of 105, 106, 107 Urals 131,596,612,733 Urmia 48,441,442,474 Urquhart, David 107, 108, 193,194 Usubbeyov, Nasib 466 Van 159,162, 282, 283, 285, 287, 290, 309, 312, 313, 314, 315, 399, 474, 551, 554, 557, 687, 817, 863, 868, 905 Vansittart, Robert 679, 680 931 Versailles 34, 383, 586, 613, 616, 619, 621, 622, 624, 637, 656, 669, 670, 690, 702, 722, 897, 912 Villari, Luigi 73,183, 913 Volga 20,21,31,33,179, 180, 206, 356, 414, 520, 535, 594, 596, 646, 727, 730, 774, 840, 845, 849 Vorontsov-Dashkov 189, 197,199, 204, 205, 306, 913 707, 713, 770,776,777, 778, 779, 780,798,809, 817, 818, 819,820, 821,862, 863, 872, 875, 888, 897, 914 Wilson, President Woodrow 394 Wilson, Robert 914 Wilson, Woodrow 621 Witte, Count Sergei 6,167, 168, 169,174,175,177, 178,179,185,187,199, 209, 235, 257,258,259, 262, 277, 337,361, 914 Wrangel, General Baron 354, 723, 741, 861, 873, 892, 893, 906, 914 W.E.D. Men 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 31, 33, 35, 38, 55, 60, 66, 76, 78, 82, 95, 96, 118,121,124,126,149, 150,181,188, 294, 316, 356, 357, 403, 646, 728, 729, 849, 895 Wardrop, Oliver 458, 672, 754, 755, 759, 768, 771, 772, 786, 787, 802, 809, 821, 823, 824, 825 Wellington House 507,518, 555 Wells, H. G. 276,277,278, 279, 913 Westminster 659 Whigham, Henry James 229, 230, 237, 239, 244, 914 Whitehall 214, 419, 433, 550, 682 Wilson, CIGS Sir Henry 100, 101, 102, 330, 377, 383, 394, 461, 514, 522, 545, 559, 563, 572, 573, 575, 578, 581, 582, 583, 599, 609,611,614, 620, 621, 629, 656, 675, 685, 686, 689, 690, 697, 699, 702, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Chen Yarrow, E.A. 677, 678 Yermoloff, General 56, 57, 58, 60, 93 Young Turks 202,203,211, 280, 284, 287, 290,291, 292, 316, 553, 804, 827, 859, See also CUP Yudenich, General 463, 530, 578, 597, 716, 727 Yusifbeyli, Nesib Bey 363, 631, 636, 640,711 Zaharoff, Sir Basil 704, 707, 907 Zangezur 150, 194,199, 474, 475, 545, 547, 548, 573, 764, 784, 785, 802, 823, 824, 825, 855, 861, 868, 869, 872, 877 Zhordania, Noe 347, 348, 350, 364, 396, 397, 531 Zimmem, Alfred 412,601, 603, 713, 914 932
any_adam_object	1
author	Walsh, Pat 1961-
author_GND	(DE-588)1148697977
author_facet	Walsh, Pat 1961-
author_role	aut
author_sort	Walsh, Pat 1961-
author_variant	p w pw
building	Verbundindex
bvnumber	BV047582141
classification_rvk	NK 7700
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)1195969485 (DE-599)DNB1217427511
dewey-full	940.4147
dewey-hundreds	900 - History & geography
dewey-ones	940 - History of Europe
dewey-raw	940.4147
dewey-search	940.4147
dewey-sort	3940.4147
dewey-tens	940 - History of Europe
discipline	Geschichte
format	Book
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geographic	Kaukasus (DE-588)4030090-0 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd
geographic_facet	Kaukasus Russland Großbritannien
id	DE-604.BV047582141
illustrated	Not Illustrated
indexdate	2024-12-20T19:23:01Z
institution	BVB
institution_GND	(DE-588)1064213111
isbn	9783939795971
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032967506
oclc_num	1195969485
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owner	DE-12 DE-11 DE-188
owner_facet	DE-12 DE-11 DE-188
physical	932 Seiten
psigel	BSBWK1 BSB_NED_20211209
publishDate	2020
publishDateSearch	2020
publishDateSort	2020
publisher	Manzara Verlag
record_format	marc
spellingShingle	Walsh, Pat 1961- Great Britain against Russia in the Caucasus Ottoman Turks, Armenians and Azerbaijanis caught up in geopolitics, war and revolution Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4079163-4 (DE-588)4030090-0 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4022153-2
title	Great Britain against Russia in the Caucasus Ottoman Turks, Armenians and Azerbaijanis caught up in geopolitics, war and revolution
title_auth	Great Britain against Russia in the Caucasus Ottoman Turks, Armenians and Azerbaijanis caught up in geopolitics, war and revolution
title_exact_search	Great Britain against Russia in the Caucasus Ottoman Turks, Armenians and Azerbaijanis caught up in geopolitics, war and revolution
title_full	Great Britain against Russia in the Caucasus Ottoman Turks, Armenians and Azerbaijanis caught up in geopolitics, war and revolution Pat Walsh
title_fullStr	Great Britain against Russia in the Caucasus Ottoman Turks, Armenians and Azerbaijanis caught up in geopolitics, war and revolution Pat Walsh
title_full_unstemmed	Great Britain against Russia in the Caucasus Ottoman Turks, Armenians and Azerbaijanis caught up in geopolitics, war and revolution Pat Walsh
title_short	Great Britain against Russia in the Caucasus
title_sort	great britain against russia in the caucasus ottoman turks armenians and azerbaijanis caught up in geopolitics war and revolution
title_sub	Ottoman Turks, Armenians and Azerbaijanis caught up in geopolitics, war and revolution
topic	Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd
topic_facet	Erster Weltkrieg Kaukasus Russland Großbritannien
url	https://d-nb.info/1217427511/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032967506&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032967506&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032967506&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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