Ancient legal thought: equity, justice, and humaneness from Hammurabi and the pharaohs to Justinian and the Talmud
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge ; New York ; Port Melbourne ; New Delhi ; Singapore
Cambridge University Press
2019
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| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031580043&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Abstract: | "Nearly four thousand years ago, kings in various ancient societies, especially in Mesopotamia (contemporary Iraq), faced a crisis of major proportions. Large portions of the population were horribly in debt, many being forced to sell themselves or their children into slavery to pay off their debts. The laws and customs seemed to support the commercial practices that allowed lenders to charge 20%-30% interest, and the law protected the lenders and gave no recourse for the indebted. Strict justice called for the creditors to receive what they were due. But another legal concept, the emerging idea of equity, seemed to call for a different result - the use of law as a vehicle to free people from economic oppression. Debt relief edicts were instituted - "clean-slate laws" as they were known - and are of obvious relevance today as well where crushing debt is a major issue underlying social inequality"-- |
| Umfang: | xx, 729 Seiten 2 Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781108484107 1108484107 9781108705769 1108705766 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Part A. Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt -- Section I. Ancient procedural law -- Ancient legal reasoning -- Judging, trials, and assemblies -- Oaths, ordeals, and truth -- Section II. Freedom, equality, and legal status -- Debt forgiveness and equity -- Freedom and slavery -- Class, legal status, and equality -- Women's separate sphere -- Section III. Crime and punishment -- Complicity and conspiracy -- Crime and Lex talionis -- Capital punishment -- Section IV. International justice -- Ancient treaties and trust -- Aggressive war and necessity -- Part B. Ancient Greece and China -- Section V. Law, justice, and equity -- Custom and law in ancient Greece and China -- Justice and equity -- Trials, juries, and democratic assemblies -- Section VI. Legal status -- Citizens and aliens -- Women -- Slavery and democracy -- Section VII. Responsibility and punishment -- Causation and responsibility -- Homicide and pollution -- Justification, excuse, and mitigation -- Hubris and impiety -- | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Section VIII. War and amnesty -- Amnesty, sanctuary, and exile -- Justified war and the law of nations -- Part C. India and the Roman republic -- Section IX. Law, justice and equity -- Law and its sources in ancient Roman and Indian law -- Legal procedures and trials -- Equity and justice -- Section X. Legal status and social class -- Legal status of women -- Social class and slavery -- Section XI. Responsibility and punishment -- Political and moral crimes -- Punishment, cruelty, and humaneness -- Crimes concerning political and legal abuse -- Section XII. War and treaties -- Treaties, hostages, and keeping faith -- The rules of war and the law of peoples -- Part D. Rabbinic law and the Roman Empire -- Section XIII. Justice, equity and conflict of laws -- Law, morality, and religion -- Dual legal regimes -- The law and ancient legal scholars -- Section XIV. Differential status -- Women in Jewish and Roman thought -- Slaves in Jewish and Roman legal thought -- | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Section XV. Responsibility -- Intention and causation in criminal law -- Injury and murder -- Public punishment, penal prisons, and police -- Section XVI. Universal law at the end of ancient times -- Universal law and human rights -- The origins of the just war doctrine | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Nearly four thousand years ago, kings in various ancient societies, especially in Mesopotamia (contemporary Iraq), faced a crisis of major proportions. Large portions of the population were horribly in debt, many being forced to sell themselves or their children into slavery to pay off their debts. The laws and customs seemed to support the commercial practices that allowed lenders to charge 20%-30% interest, and the law protected the lenders and gave no recourse for the indebted. Strict justice called for the creditors to receive what they were due. But another legal concept, the emerging idea of equity, seemed to call for a different result - the use of law as a vehicle to free people from economic oppression. Debt relief edicts were instituted - "clean-slate laws" as they were known - and are of obvious relevance today as well where crushing debt is a major issue underlying social inequality"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgments General Introduction Maps 1 3 xvii xxi PART A ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA AND EGYPT 1 Introduction for Part А і SECTION I ANCIENT PROCEDURAL LAW 3 Ancient Legal Reasoning 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 page xv “Codes,” Edicts, and Decrees Primitive Legal Reasoning Legal Reasoning “by Example” The Terms for Law and Justice Religious and Secular Law 6 9 13 15 20 Judging, Trials, and Assemblies 23 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 23 28 30 33 36 38 Judges and Judging Judicial Decision-Making and Ancient Legal Thought Ancient Mesopotamian Assemblies Ancient Trials The Rule of Law in Mesopotamia Participation in Justice Oaths, Ordeals, and Truth 43 3.1 Proof by Ordeal 3.2 Proof by Swearing of Oaths 44 48
vi 4 5 6 Contents 3.3 The Determiner of Truth 3.4 Religion and Proof 3.5 Ancient Proof and Truth-Telling 51 53 55 SECTION II FREEDOM, EQUALITY, AND LEGAL STATUS 59 Debt Forgiveness and Equity 61 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 61 64 67 72 76 Freedom and Slavery 79 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 80 83 85 89 91 94 8 Types of Slavery in the Laws of the Ancient Near East Foreign Slaves Debt Slaves and Adoption Slaves Two Modern Conceptions of Freedom Assessing Ancient Conceptions of Freedom The Relationship of Ancient Freedom and Slavery Class, Legal Status, and Equality 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7 The “Code” of Hammurabi and the Edicts of Ammisaduqa The Law of Replenishing Stolen Goods Debt Relief and Equity in Ancient Legal Thought Equity and Debt Relief Forgiveness, Equity, and Debt Restructuring The Muskenum in Ancient Babylonia Protecting the Muskenum Class? The Weak and the Poor Class Inequality and Class Inequity Equality Before the Law 98 99 102 105 108 ա Women’s Separate Sphere 115 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 116 120 122 125 129 Women as Priests and Saloon-Keepers Marriage and Inheritance Adultery and Rape Honor and Pollution Patriarchy and Separate Spheres SECTION III CRIME AND PUNISHMENT 133 Complicity and Conspiracy 135 8.1 Conspiracy in an Egyptian Harem 8.2 Conspiracy and the Great Tomb Robberies 136 140
Contents 8.3 Guilt Based on Inaction and Complicity in Egypt and Mesopotamia 8.4 Conceptualizing Complicity 9 Crime and Lex Talionis 10 vii 144 147 150 9.1 Hammurabi and Lex Talionis ışı 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 155 158 162 166 Penalties and Punishments in Hammurabi’s Code and Egyptian Law Proportionality and Lex Talionis Defending Lex Talionis Criminal Punishment Capital Punishment 10.1 Death for Death 10.2 Sorcery and False Accusation 10.3 Murderand Rape 10.4 Punishment and Law Enforcement 10.5 Possible Ancient Defenses of Capital Punishment 169 169 172 175 178 181 SECTION IV INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE l8ş 11 Ancient Treaties and Trust 11.1 Ancient Vassal Treaties 11.2 The Hittite-Egyptian Treaty of 1285 все 11.3 Ancient Compliance 11.4 Oaths and Threats 11.5 Trust in the Ancient “International” Community 187 188 191 193 197 200 12 Aggressive War and Necessity 12.1 Opportunity 12.2 Necessity 12.3 Vengeance and Punishment 12.4 Humanitarian Intervention 12.5 Reconsidering National Defense and Humanitarian Intervention Concluding Thoughts for Part A 205 206 208 210 211 214 217 PART В ANCIENT GREECE AND CHINA Introduction for Part В 219 219 SECTION V LAW, JUSTICE, AND EQUITY 221 Custom and Law in Ancient Greece and China 13.1 Antigone and Law 223 224 13
viii Contents 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Law and Democracy in Ancient Greek Legal Thought Ancient Chinese Legal Thought about Law The Critique of Written Law in China and Greece The Debate about the Proper Place of Law 226 229 232 234 14 Justice and Equity 14.1 Justice and the Rule of Law for the Greeks 14.2 Equity and Fairness for Aristotle 14.3 Justice and Equity in Ancient China 14.4 Conceptualizing Ancient Equity 14.5 Distinguishing Justice and Equity 237 238 240 241 244 247 15 Trials, Juries, and Democratic Assemblies 15л Chinese Trials and Investigations 15.2 Athenian Jury Trials 15.3 Political and Legal Institutions in Greece and China 15.4 Aristotle’s Criticisms of Democracy 15.5 Trial Procedures in Ancient Legal Thought 249 250 251 253 256 258 SECTION VI LEGAL STATUS 263 16 Citizens and Aliens 16л Law, Aliens, and Social Status in Ancient China 16.2 Citizenship in Ancient Athens 16.3 Meties and Aliens in Athens 16.4 Meties and Greek Democracy 16.5 Learning from the Athenian Meties 265 266 268 270 273 275 17 Women 17л Women and Citizenship in Ancient Athens 17.2 Marriage and Adultery Laws in Ancient Greece 17.3 The Status of Women in Plato’s Laws 17.4 Private Property and the Family 17.5 The Status of Women in Democracies 278 279 280 284 285 288 18 Slavery and Democracy 18 л Early Greek Laws on Slavery 18.2 Aristotle’s Defense of Slavery in Athens 18.3 Other Athenian Views of Slavery 18.4 Law and Freedom in Ancient Athens and China 18.5 Thinking about Law and Freedom 290 290 294 296 298 300
Contents ix SECTION VII RESPONSIBILITY AND PUNISHMENT 303 Causation and Responsibility 19.1 The Javelin Thrower in the Second Tetralogy of Antiphon 19.2 Plato and Aristotle on Causation 19.3 Contemporary Philosophical Discussions of the Second Tetralogy 19.4 Proximate Causation and Contributory Causation 19.5 The Second Tetralogy’s Lessons 305 306 310 20 Homicide and Pollution 20.1 Ancient Greek Legal Thought and Criminal Law 20.2 Draco’s Homicide Law 20.3 Pollution in Antiphon, Aeschylus, and Plato 20.4 Pollution Problems 20.5 Legal Pollution in Athens 20.6 Dangerousness and Pollution 20.7 Redressing Harm to Society 321 322 324 325 329 330 334 337 21 Justification, Excuse, and Mitigation 21.1 Ajax and Oedipus 21.2 Antiphon’s Third Tetralogy 21.3 Aristotle on Justification and Proportionality 21.4 Lack of Virtue and Mitigation of Punishment in Ancient China 21.5 Justification and Excuse in Legal Thought 339 339 342 345 347 349 22 Hubris and Impiety 22.1 Ancient Greek Conceptions of Hubris 22.2 Two Cases of Hubris from Demosthenes 22.3 Impiety in Ancient Greece and China 22.4 Impiety and Hubris as Ancient Honor-Based Crimes 22.5 Dishonor and Hubris in Legal Thought 352 353 355 357 360 362 SECTION VIII WAR AND AMNESTY 365 Amnesty, Sanctuary, and Exile 23.1 The Athenian Amnesty of 403 все 23.2 Sanctuary in Ancient Greece 23.3 Exile and Ostracism 23.4 Equity and Extraordinary Practices in China and Greece 23.5 Why Amnesty and Sanctuary Are Important 367 368 370 372 374 377 19 23 313 316 318
x 24 Contents Justified War and the Law of Nations 24.x Ancient Chinese Ideas of the Justification for War 24.2 Ancient Greek Ideas about Aggressive War 24.3 Ancient Greece and the Law of Nations 24.4 The Obligation to Keep Treaties 24.5 Treaty Enforcement in International Law Concluding Thoughts for Part В 380 381 385 386 387 390 393 PART C INDIA AND THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 395 Introduction for Part C 395 SECTION IX LAW, JUSTICE, AND EQUITY 397 Law and Its Sources in Ancient Roman and Indian Law 25.1 Sources of Ancient Roman and Indian Law 25.2 The Twelve Tables and Cicero on the Nature of Law 25.3 Ancient Indian Conceptions of Law in the Sutras and Code of Manu 25.4 The Nature and Sources of Law 399 400 402 405 409 26 Legal Procedures and Trials 26.1 Procedure in the Law of the Kings and the Twelve Tables 26.2 Ancient Indian Procedural Law 26.3 Trials in Ancient India and the Roman Republic 26.4 Witnesses and Proof 26.5 Why Legal Procedure Matters 412 412 415 417 420 422 27 Equity and Justice 27.1 Cicero on Equity and Justice 27.2 Equity in Ancient Indian Legal Thought 27.3 Equity in Roman Legal Thought and Practice 27.4 From Jus Gentium to Jus Naturale 27.5 Equity’s Promise and Problems 27.6 Law and Its Relation to Morality 425 426 428 429 430 432 435 SECTION X LEGAL STATUS AND SOCIAL CLASS 439 Legal Status of Women 28.1 The Early Roman Laws on Women 28.2 The Early Indian Laws on Women 28.3 Alternative Accounb of the Legal Status of Women in Rome and India 441 442 443 25 28 446
Contents 29 28.4 The Legal Status of Women in Theory and Practice 28.5 Legal Status of Women and the Social Control of Marriage 449 451 Social Class and Slavery 29.1 Class and Law in Ancient India and Rome 29.2 The Šudra in Ancient Indian Law 29.3 Slavery in the Roman Republic 29.4 Comparing the Lowest Classes in Ancient Rome and India 29.5 Law and the Worst Off 454 454 457 459 461 464 SECTION XI RESPONSIBILITY AND PUNISHMENT 467 30 Political and Moral Crimes 30.1 Poisoning in the Roman Republic 30.2 Poison and Treason in Ancient India 30.3 Hierarchy and Crime 30.4 Ancient Roman and Indian Criminal Procedure 30.5 The Moral and Political Aims of Ancient Criminal Law 31 Punishment, Cruelty, and Humaneness 31.1 Punishment in the Twelve Tables 31.2 Punishment in the Code of Manu in Ancient India 31.3 Exile, Banishment, and Outcasting as Alternatives to Capital Punishment 31.4 A Few Words from Seneca 31.5 Thinking about Punishment Humanely 32 33 xi 469 469 471 473 475 479 482 483 484 487 489 492 Crimes Concerning Political and Legal Abuse 32.1 Ancient India’s Protections of Political and Legal Process 32.2 The Roman Crimes of Majestas and Ambitus 32.3 Infamia and Calumnia 32.4 Ancient Laws Concerning Punishment of Legal or Political Officials 32.5 The Importance of Protecting Legal and Political Processes 495 496 498 499 SECTION XII WAR AND TREATIES Ş09 Treaties, Hostages, and Keeping Faith 33.1 Treaties in Ancient India and the Roman Republic 33.2 Keeping Faith 33.3 The Role of Hostages 502 504 511 şn 514 515
xii Contents 33.4 Conquest by Morality 33.5 Treaties in Emerging Ancient Empires 517 520 The Rules of War and the Law of Peoples 34.1 The Law of Nature and the Law of Peoples 34.2 Roman Ideas of the Law of War 34.3 Ancient Indian Ideas on the Law of War 34.4 Prisoners of War 34.5 International Law in Ancient India and Rome Concluding Thoughts for Part C 524 525 527 529 530 533 536 PART D RABBINIC LAW AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE 539 Introduction for Part D 539 SECTION XIII JUSTICE, EQUITY, AND CONFLICT OF LAWS 541 35 Law, Morality, and Religion 35.1 Justice and Equity in Rabbinic and Late Roman Legal Thought 35.2 Religion and Law in Ancient Rabbinic Thought 35.3 Morality and Law in the Roman Empire 35.4 The Religious Aspects of Law 35.5 Morality and the Domain of Law 543 544 546 549 551 554 36 Dual Legal Regimes 36.1 Overlapping Legal Domains 36.2 Circumcision and Conversion 36.3 Roman Interference with Jewish Religious Life 36.4 Conflict of Laws for Jews in the Roman Empire 36.5 Autonomy and Tolerance of States Within States 556 557 559 562 564 567 37 The Law and Ancient Legal Scholars 37.1 Rabbis and Ancient Rabbinic Law 37.2 The Legal Scholars of the Roman Empire 37.3 Why Did Legal Scholars and Rabbis Come to Make Law? 37.4 Professional Legal Scholars and Lawyers 37.5 Did Professional Legal Scholars Make the Law More Humane? 570 571 573 575 578 580 SECTION XIV DIFFERENTIAL STATUS 583 Women in Jewish and Roman Thought 38.1 The Status of Women in Rabbinic and Imperial Roman Times 38.2 Religion and the Status of Women in Rabbinic and Roman Law 585 586 588 34 38
Contents 39 40 41 42 43 xiii 38.3 Marriage and Divorce 38.4 Rape and Sexual Violence 38.5 Lack of Advances for Women at the End of the Ancient Period 589 593 595 Slaves in Jewish and Roman Legal Thought 39.r Slaves as Both Persons and Things in Late Roman Thought 39.2 Slaves in Rabbinic Law 39.3 The Quandary Over Slavery Revisited 39.4 The Few Critics of Slavery During Later Ancient Times 39.5 Reconsidering the Idea of Moral Progress in Light of Slavery 598 599 6ot 604 606 608 SECTION XV RESPONSIBILITY 6ll Intention and Causation in Criminal Law 40.r Causation and Crime in Rabbinic Legal Thought 40.2 Causation and Crime in the Legal Thought of the Roman Empire 40.3 Intention in Ancient Rabbinic LegalThought 40.4 Intention in the Legal Thought of the Roman Empire 40.5 Conceptualizing Criminal Responsibility 613 614 616 619 621 623 Injury and Murder 41.1 Injuria in the Roman Empire 41.2 Injury and Assault in the Talmud 41.3 Murder in the Roman Empire 41.4 Homicide in the Talmud 41.5 Why Crime is Understood as Outrageous in Ancient Legal Thought 626 627 628 630 632 Public Punishment, Penal Prisons, andPolice 42.1 Public Punishment 42.2 Penal Prisons 42.3 Police Enforcement 42.4 Public Institutions and Criminal Law 42.5 Assessing the Expanding Domains of Organized Religion and the State 638 638 641 644 646 648 SECTION XVI UNIVERSAL LAW AT THE END OF ANCIENT TIMES 651 Universal Law and Human Rights 43.1 Roman Conceptions of Natural Law 653 654 635
Contents XIV 44 45 43.2 Ancient Rabbinic Conceptions of Divine Law 43.3 Universal Law, Divine or Natural 43.4 Universal Law, Universal Jurisdiction, and Human Rights 43.5 The Idea of Human Rights 656 658 660 662 The Origins of the Just War Doctrine 44.1 Pacifism in the Early Christianized Roman Empire 44.2 Augustine’s Defense of the Just War 44.3 Ancient Rabbinic Ideas of a Just War 444 Universal Law and Limitations on War 44.5 Some Remaining Worries about War’s Inhumaneness Concluding Thoughts for Part D 666 666 670 672 674 676 677 PART E FINAL THOUGHTS 679 Final Thoughts on Equity, Justice, and Humaneness 45.r Ancient Conceptions of Equity and Justice 45.2 Some Cases of Equity 45.3 Mercy and Equity 454 Humaneness, Discretion, and Equity 681 682 685 688 690 Bibliography Index 693 711
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | May, Larry 1952- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)115651705 |
| author_facet | May, Larry 1952- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | May, Larry 1952- |
| author_variant | l m lm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV046200900 |
| contents | Part A. Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt -- Section I. Ancient procedural law -- Ancient legal reasoning -- Judging, trials, and assemblies -- Oaths, ordeals, and truth -- Section II. Freedom, equality, and legal status -- Debt forgiveness and equity -- Freedom and slavery -- Class, legal status, and equality -- Women's separate sphere -- Section III. Crime and punishment -- Complicity and conspiracy -- Crime and Lex talionis -- Capital punishment -- Section IV. International justice -- Ancient treaties and trust -- Aggressive war and necessity -- Part B. Ancient Greece and China -- Section V. Law, justice, and equity -- Custom and law in ancient Greece and China -- Justice and equity -- Trials, juries, and democratic assemblies -- Section VI. Legal status -- Citizens and aliens -- Women -- Slavery and democracy -- Section VII. Responsibility and punishment -- Causation and responsibility -- Homicide and pollution -- Justification, excuse, and mitigation -- Hubris and impiety -- Section VIII. War and amnesty -- Amnesty, sanctuary, and exile -- Justified war and the law of nations -- Part C. India and the Roman republic -- Section IX. Law, justice and equity -- Law and its sources in ancient Roman and Indian law -- Legal procedures and trials -- Equity and justice -- Section X. Legal status and social class -- Legal status of women -- Social class and slavery -- Section XI. Responsibility and punishment -- Political and moral crimes -- Punishment, cruelty, and humaneness -- Crimes concerning political and legal abuse -- Section XII. War and treaties -- Treaties, hostages, and keeping faith -- The rules of war and the law of peoples -- Part D. Rabbinic law and the Roman Empire -- Section XIII. Justice, equity and conflict of laws -- Law, morality, and religion -- Dual legal regimes -- The law and ancient legal scholars -- Section XIV. Differential status -- Women in Jewish and Roman thought -- Slaves in Jewish and Roman legal thought -- Section XV. Responsibility -- Intention and causation in criminal law -- Injury and murder -- Public punishment, penal prisons, and police -- Section XVI. Universal law at the end of ancient times -- Universal law and human rights -- The origins of the just war doctrine |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1126548352 (DE-599)BVBBV046200900 |
| format | Book |
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Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt -- Section I. Ancient procedural law -- Ancient legal reasoning -- Judging, trials, and assemblies -- Oaths, ordeals, and truth -- Section II. Freedom, equality, and legal status -- Debt forgiveness and equity -- Freedom and slavery -- Class, legal status, and equality -- Women's separate sphere -- Section III. Crime and punishment -- Complicity and conspiracy -- Crime and Lex talionis -- Capital punishment -- Section IV. International justice -- Ancient treaties and trust -- Aggressive war and necessity -- Part B. Ancient Greece and China -- Section V. Law, justice, and equity -- Custom and law in ancient Greece and China -- Justice and equity -- Trials, juries, and democratic assemblies -- Section VI. Legal status -- Citizens and aliens -- Women -- Slavery and democracy -- Section VII. Responsibility and punishment -- Causation and responsibility -- Homicide and pollution -- Justification, excuse, and mitigation -- Hubris and impiety -- </subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Section VIII. War and amnesty -- Amnesty, sanctuary, and exile -- Justified war and the law of nations -- Part C. India and the Roman republic -- Section IX. Law, justice and equity -- Law and its sources in ancient Roman and Indian law -- Legal procedures and trials -- Equity and justice -- Section X. Legal status and social class -- Legal status of women -- Social class and slavery -- Section XI. Responsibility and punishment -- Political and moral crimes -- Punishment, cruelty, and humaneness -- Crimes concerning political and legal abuse -- Section XII. War and treaties -- Treaties, hostages, and keeping faith -- The rules of war and the law of peoples -- Part D. Rabbinic law and the Roman Empire -- Section XIII. Justice, equity and conflict of laws -- Law, morality, and religion -- Dual legal regimes -- The law and ancient legal scholars -- Section XIV. Differential status -- Women in Jewish and Roman thought -- Slaves in Jewish and Roman legal thought -- </subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Section XV. Responsibility -- Intention and causation in criminal law -- Injury and murder -- Public punishment, penal prisons, and police -- Section XVI. Universal law at the end of ancient times -- Universal law and human rights -- The origins of the just war doctrine</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Nearly four thousand years ago, kings in various ancient societies, especially in Mesopotamia (contemporary Iraq), faced a crisis of major proportions. Large portions of the population were horribly in debt, many being forced to sell themselves or their children into slavery to pay off their debts. The laws and customs seemed to support the commercial practices that allowed lenders to charge 20%-30% interest, and the law protected the lenders and gave no recourse for the indebted. Strict justice called for the creditors to receive what they were due. But another legal concept, the emerging idea of equity, seemed to call for a different result - the use of law as a vehicle to free people from economic oppression. Debt relief edicts were instituted - "clean-slate laws" as they were known - and are of obvious relevance today as well where crushing debt is a major issue underlying social inequality"--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Altertum</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4001480-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Rechtsdenken</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4139623-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Recht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4048737-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Law, Ancient</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Law, Ancient / Social aspects</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Law / China / History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Law / India / History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">LAW / Jurisprudence</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Law</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Law, Ancient</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">China</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">India</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Droit antique / Aspect social</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Mesopotamien, historisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000003400</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Rechtsgeschichte des Alten Orients</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000006702</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Jüdische Rechtsgeschichte</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000006714</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Griechische Rechtsgeschichte</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000006703</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="688" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Römische Rechtsgeschichte</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-2581)TH000006715</subfield><subfield code="2">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Recht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4048737-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Rechtsdenken</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4139623-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Altertum</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4001480-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031580043&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">gbd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">gbd_4_1911</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20191120</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">340.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0901</subfield><subfield code="g">3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031580043</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV046200900 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T18:45:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781108484107 1108484107 9781108705769 1108705766 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031580043 |
| oclc_num | 1126548352 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xx, 729 Seiten 2 Karten |
| psigel | gbd_4_1911 BSB_NED_20191120 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | May, Larry 1952- Ancient legal thought equity, justice, and humaneness from Hammurabi and the pharaohs to Justinian and the Talmud Part A. Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt -- Section I. Ancient procedural law -- Ancient legal reasoning -- Judging, trials, and assemblies -- Oaths, ordeals, and truth -- Section II. Freedom, equality, and legal status -- Debt forgiveness and equity -- Freedom and slavery -- Class, legal status, and equality -- Women's separate sphere -- Section III. Crime and punishment -- Complicity and conspiracy -- Crime and Lex talionis -- Capital punishment -- Section IV. International justice -- Ancient treaties and trust -- Aggressive war and necessity -- Part B. Ancient Greece and China -- Section V. Law, justice, and equity -- Custom and law in ancient Greece and China -- Justice and equity -- Trials, juries, and democratic assemblies -- Section VI. Legal status -- Citizens and aliens -- Women -- Slavery and democracy -- Section VII. Responsibility and punishment -- Causation and responsibility -- Homicide and pollution -- Justification, excuse, and mitigation -- Hubris and impiety -- Section VIII. War and amnesty -- Amnesty, sanctuary, and exile -- Justified war and the law of nations -- Part C. India and the Roman republic -- Section IX. Law, justice and equity -- Law and its sources in ancient Roman and Indian law -- Legal procedures and trials -- Equity and justice -- Section X. Legal status and social class -- Legal status of women -- Social class and slavery -- Section XI. Responsibility and punishment -- Political and moral crimes -- Punishment, cruelty, and humaneness -- Crimes concerning political and legal abuse -- Section XII. War and treaties -- Treaties, hostages, and keeping faith -- The rules of war and the law of peoples -- Part D. Rabbinic law and the Roman Empire -- Section XIII. Justice, equity and conflict of laws -- Law, morality, and religion -- Dual legal regimes -- The law and ancient legal scholars -- Section XIV. Differential status -- Women in Jewish and Roman thought -- Slaves in Jewish and Roman legal thought -- Section XV. Responsibility -- Intention and causation in criminal law -- Injury and murder -- Public punishment, penal prisons, and police -- Section XVI. Universal law at the end of ancient times -- Universal law and human rights -- The origins of the just war doctrine Altertum (DE-588)4001480-0 gnd Rechtsdenken (DE-588)4139623-6 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4001480-0 (DE-588)4139623-6 (DE-588)4048737-4 |
| title | Ancient legal thought equity, justice, and humaneness from Hammurabi and the pharaohs to Justinian and the Talmud |
| title_auth | Ancient legal thought equity, justice, and humaneness from Hammurabi and the pharaohs to Justinian and the Talmud |
| title_exact_search | Ancient legal thought equity, justice, and humaneness from Hammurabi and the pharaohs to Justinian and the Talmud |
| title_full | Ancient legal thought equity, justice, and humaneness from Hammurabi and the pharaohs to Justinian and the Talmud Larry May (Vanderbilt University, Emeritus) |
| title_fullStr | Ancient legal thought equity, justice, and humaneness from Hammurabi and the pharaohs to Justinian and the Talmud Larry May (Vanderbilt University, Emeritus) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ancient legal thought equity, justice, and humaneness from Hammurabi and the pharaohs to Justinian and the Talmud Larry May (Vanderbilt University, Emeritus) |
| title_short | Ancient legal thought |
| title_sort | ancient legal thought equity justice and humaneness from hammurabi and the pharaohs to justinian and the talmud |
| title_sub | equity, justice, and humaneness from Hammurabi and the pharaohs to Justinian and the Talmud |
| topic | Altertum (DE-588)4001480-0 gnd Rechtsdenken (DE-588)4139623-6 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Altertum Rechtsdenken Recht |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031580043&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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