Military Capitalism in Myanmar: Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital"
Military enterprises, ostensibly set up to feed and supply soldiers, were some of the earliest and largest Burmese commercial conglomerates, established in the 1950s. Union Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) and Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC) are two profit-seeking military enterprises es...
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Singapore
ISEAS Publishing
[2019]
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |
| Zusammenfassung: | Military enterprises, ostensibly set up to feed and supply soldiers, were some of the earliest and largest Burmese commercial conglomerates, established in the 1950s. Union Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) and Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC) are two profit-seeking military enterprises established by the military after the dissolution of the Burma Socialist Programme Party in 1988, which remain central players in Myanmar’s post-2011 economy. Military conglomerates are a major source of off-budget revenue for the military and a main employer of retired soldiers. Yet few veterans receive more than a small piece of the profits from UMEHL. The vast bulk of formal dividends instead disproportionately benefit higher ranking officers and institutions within the Tatmadaw. Military capitalism entrenches the autonomy of the Tatmadaw from civilian oversight. Despite this, obligatory or semi-coerced contributions from active-duty soldiers are a source of cash flow for UMEHL, effectively constituting a transfer from the government budget to the military’s off-budget entities. The most significant source of livelihoods support for most veterans is the service pension dispersed by the Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoPF). Despite delivering suboptimal welfare outcomes for most soldiers and veterans while eroding the legitimacy of ceasefires, successive governments since 1988, including Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) administration, have entrenched military capitalism by encouraging commercial activities of armed groups that enter into ceasefire agreements. Extending military pensions already paid by the Ministry of Planning and Finance to retired members of armed groups could deliver a far more consistent and tangible "peace dividend" than the commercial extraction of resources from ceasefire areas. More balanced civil–military relations, and fairer social outcomes for military personnel, will rely on civilian-led state institutions delivering effective and substantive welfare support beyond the commercially oriented welfare arrangements of military conglomerates |
| Beschreibung: | Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 23. Mai 2019) |
| Umfang: | 1 online resource |
| ISBN: | 9789814843560 |
| DOI: | 10.1355/9789814843560 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000zc 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV045947531 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20211201 | ||
| 007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 190624s2019 xx o|||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789814843560 |9 978-981-4843-56-0 | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1355/9789814843560 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (ZDB-23-DGG)9789814843560 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1107376355 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV045947531 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-1046 |a DE-859 |a DE-860 |a DE-473 |a DE-739 |a DE-355 |a DE-1043 |a DE-858 |a DE-706 | ||
| 082 | 0 | |a 322.509591 |2 23 | |
| 100 | 1 | |a McCarthy, Gerard |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)117275425X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Military Capitalism in Myanmar |b Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital" |c Gerard McCarthy |
| 264 | 1 | |a Singapore |b ISEAS Publishing |c [2019] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2019 | |
| 300 | |a 1 online resource | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 23. Mai 2019) | ||
| 520 | |a Military enterprises, ostensibly set up to feed and supply soldiers, were some of the earliest and largest Burmese commercial conglomerates, established in the 1950s. Union Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) and Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC) are two profit-seeking military enterprises established by the military after the dissolution of the Burma Socialist Programme Party in 1988, which remain central players in Myanmar’s post-2011 economy. Military conglomerates are a major source of off-budget revenue for the military and a main employer of retired soldiers. Yet few veterans receive more than a small piece of the profits from UMEHL. The vast bulk of formal dividends instead disproportionately benefit higher ranking officers and institutions within the Tatmadaw. Military capitalism entrenches the autonomy of the Tatmadaw from civilian oversight. | ||
| 520 | |a Despite this, obligatory or semi-coerced contributions from active-duty soldiers are a source of cash flow for UMEHL, effectively constituting a transfer from the government budget to the military’s off-budget entities. The most significant source of livelihoods support for most veterans is the service pension dispersed by the Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoPF). Despite delivering suboptimal welfare outcomes for most soldiers and veterans while eroding the legitimacy of ceasefires, successive governments since 1988, including Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) administration, have entrenched military capitalism by encouraging commercial activities of armed groups that enter into ceasefire agreements. Extending military pensions already paid by the Ministry of Planning and Finance to retired members of armed groups could deliver a far more consistent and tangible "peace dividend" than the commercial extraction of resources from ceasefire areas. | ||
| 520 | |a More balanced civil–military relations, and fairer social outcomes for military personnel, will rely on civilian-led state institutions delivering effective and substantive welfare support beyond the commercially oriented welfare arrangements of military conglomerates | ||
| 546 | |a In English | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1948- |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Economic Conditions | |
| 650 | 7 | |a POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Economy |2 bisacsh | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Capitalism |z Burma | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Civil-military relations |z Burma | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Unternehmen |0 (DE-588)4061963-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Militär |0 (DE-588)4039305-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Myanmar |0 (DE-588)1193111315 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Myanmar |0 (DE-588)1193111315 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Militär |0 (DE-588)4039305-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Unternehmen |0 (DE-588)4061963-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1948- |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 912 | |a ZDB-23-DGG | ||
| 912 | |a ZDB-23-DSW | ||
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031329685 | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |l DE-1043 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FAB_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |l DE-1046 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FAW_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |l DE-858 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FCO_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |l DE-859 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FKE_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |l DE-860 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q FLA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |l DE-473 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q UBG_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |l DE-355 |p ZDB-23-DSW |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |l DE-706 |p ZDB-23-DSW |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
| 966 | e | |u https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |l DE-739 |p ZDB-23-DGG |q UPA_PDA_DGG |x Verlag |3 Volltext | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1824416001566965760 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | |
| any_adam_object | |
| author | McCarthy, Gerard |
| author_GND | (DE-588)117275425X |
| author_facet | McCarthy, Gerard |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | McCarthy, Gerard |
| author_variant | g m gm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045947531 |
| collection | ZDB-23-DGG ZDB-23-DSW |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-23-DGG)9789814843560 (OCoLC)1107376355 (DE-599)BVBBV045947531 |
| dewey-full | 322.509591 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 322 - Relation of state to organized groups |
| dewey-raw | 322.509591 |
| dewey-search | 322.509591 |
| dewey-sort | 3322.509591 |
| dewey-tens | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| discipline | Politologie |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1355/9789814843560 |
| era | Geschichte 1948- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1948- |
| format | Electronic eBook |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000zc 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV045947531</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20211201</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">190624s2019 xx o|||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="9">978-981-4843-56-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-23-DGG)9789814843560</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1107376355</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV045947531</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-1046</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-859</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1043</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-858</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-706</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">322.509591</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">McCarthy, Gerard</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)117275425X</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Military Capitalism in Myanmar</subfield><subfield code="b">Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital"</subfield><subfield code="c">Gerard McCarthy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Singapore</subfield><subfield code="b">ISEAS Publishing</subfield><subfield code="c">[2019]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2019</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 23. Mai 2019)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Military enterprises, ostensibly set up to feed and supply soldiers, were some of the earliest and largest Burmese commercial conglomerates, established in the 1950s. Union Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) and Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC) are two profit-seeking military enterprises established by the military after the dissolution of the Burma Socialist Programme Party in 1988, which remain central players in Myanmar’s post-2011 economy. Military conglomerates are a major source of off-budget revenue for the military and a main employer of retired soldiers. Yet few veterans receive more than a small piece of the profits from UMEHL. The vast bulk of formal dividends instead disproportionately benefit higher ranking officers and institutions within the Tatmadaw. Military capitalism entrenches the autonomy of the Tatmadaw from civilian oversight.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Despite this, obligatory or semi-coerced contributions from active-duty soldiers are a source of cash flow for UMEHL, effectively constituting a transfer from the government budget to the military’s off-budget entities. The most significant source of livelihoods support for most veterans is the service pension dispersed by the Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoPF). Despite delivering suboptimal welfare outcomes for most soldiers and veterans while eroding the legitimacy of ceasefires, successive governments since 1988, including Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) administration, have entrenched military capitalism by encouraging commercial activities of armed groups that enter into ceasefire agreements. Extending military pensions already paid by the Ministry of Planning and Finance to retired members of armed groups could deliver a far more consistent and tangible "peace dividend" than the commercial extraction of resources from ceasefire areas.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">More balanced civil–military relations, and fairer social outcomes for military personnel, will rely on civilian-led state institutions delivering effective and substantive welfare support beyond the commercially oriented welfare arrangements of military conglomerates</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In English</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1948-</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Economic Conditions</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Economy</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Capitalism</subfield><subfield code="z">Burma</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Civil-military relations</subfield><subfield code="z">Burma</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Unternehmen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4061963-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Militär</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4039305-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Myanmar</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1193111315</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Myanmar</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1193111315</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Militär</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4039305-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Unternehmen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4061963-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1948-</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-23-DSW</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031329685</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-1043</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FAB_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-1046</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FAW_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-858</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FCO_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-859</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FKE_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">FLA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">UBG_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DSW</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-706</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DSW</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="q">UPA_PDA_DGG</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Myanmar (DE-588)1193111315 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Myanmar |
| id | DE-604.BV045947531 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-02-18T17:11:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789814843560 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031329685 |
| oclc_num | 1107376355 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-1046 DE-859 DE-860 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-1043 DE-858 DE-706 |
| owner_facet | DE-1046 DE-859 DE-860 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-1043 DE-858 DE-706 |
| physical | 1 online resource |
| psigel | ZDB-23-DGG ZDB-23-DSW ZDB-23-DGG FAB_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FAW_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FCO_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FKE_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG FLA_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG UBG_PDA_DGG ZDB-23-DGG UPA_PDA_DGG |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | ISEAS Publishing |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | McCarthy, Gerard Verfasser (DE-588)117275425X aut Military Capitalism in Myanmar Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital" Gerard McCarthy Singapore ISEAS Publishing [2019] © 2019 1 online resource txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 23. Mai 2019) Military enterprises, ostensibly set up to feed and supply soldiers, were some of the earliest and largest Burmese commercial conglomerates, established in the 1950s. Union Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) and Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC) are two profit-seeking military enterprises established by the military after the dissolution of the Burma Socialist Programme Party in 1988, which remain central players in Myanmar’s post-2011 economy. Military conglomerates are a major source of off-budget revenue for the military and a main employer of retired soldiers. Yet few veterans receive more than a small piece of the profits from UMEHL. The vast bulk of formal dividends instead disproportionately benefit higher ranking officers and institutions within the Tatmadaw. Military capitalism entrenches the autonomy of the Tatmadaw from civilian oversight. Despite this, obligatory or semi-coerced contributions from active-duty soldiers are a source of cash flow for UMEHL, effectively constituting a transfer from the government budget to the military’s off-budget entities. The most significant source of livelihoods support for most veterans is the service pension dispersed by the Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoPF). Despite delivering suboptimal welfare outcomes for most soldiers and veterans while eroding the legitimacy of ceasefires, successive governments since 1988, including Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) administration, have entrenched military capitalism by encouraging commercial activities of armed groups that enter into ceasefire agreements. Extending military pensions already paid by the Ministry of Planning and Finance to retired members of armed groups could deliver a far more consistent and tangible "peace dividend" than the commercial extraction of resources from ceasefire areas. More balanced civil–military relations, and fairer social outcomes for military personnel, will rely on civilian-led state institutions delivering effective and substantive welfare support beyond the commercially oriented welfare arrangements of military conglomerates In English Geschichte 1948- gnd rswk-swf Economic Conditions POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Economy bisacsh Capitalism Burma Civil-military relations Burma Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd rswk-swf Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd rswk-swf Myanmar (DE-588)1193111315 gnd rswk-swf Myanmar (DE-588)1193111315 g Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 s Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 s Geschichte 1948- z 1\p DE-604 https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | McCarthy, Gerard Military Capitalism in Myanmar Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital" Economic Conditions POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Economy bisacsh Capitalism Burma Civil-military relations Burma Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061963-1 (DE-588)4039305-7 (DE-588)1193111315 |
| title | Military Capitalism in Myanmar Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital" |
| title_auth | Military Capitalism in Myanmar Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital" |
| title_exact_search | Military Capitalism in Myanmar Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital" |
| title_full | Military Capitalism in Myanmar Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital" Gerard McCarthy |
| title_fullStr | Military Capitalism in Myanmar Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital" Gerard McCarthy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Military Capitalism in Myanmar Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital" Gerard McCarthy |
| title_short | Military Capitalism in Myanmar |
| title_sort | military capitalism in myanmar examining the origins continuities and evolution of khaki capital |
| title_sub | Examining the Origins, Continuities and Evolution of "Khaki Capital" |
| topic | Economic Conditions POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Economy bisacsh Capitalism Burma Civil-military relations Burma Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Economic Conditions POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Economy Capitalism Burma Civil-military relations Burma Unternehmen Militär Myanmar |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814843560 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mccarthygerard militarycapitalisminmyanmarexaminingtheoriginscontinuitiesandevolutionofkhakicapital |