How to read a paper: the basics of evidence-based medicine and healthcare
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ, USA
Wiley Blackwell
2019
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| Ausgabe: | Sixth edition |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031288820&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031288820&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | xix, 262 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781119484745 9781119652977 |
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Contents Foreword to the first edition by Professor Sir David Weatherall xii Preface to the sixth edition xiv Preface to the first edition xvi Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Why read papers at all? Does evidence-based medicine’ simply mean ‘reading papers in medical journals’? Why do people sometimes groan when you mention evidence-based healthcare? Before you start: formulate the problem Exercises based on this chapter References Chapter 2 Searching the literature՝ What are you looking for? Levels upon levels of evidence Synthesised sources: systems, summaries and syntheses Pre-appraised sources: synopses of systematic reviews and primary studies Specialised resources Primary studies - tackling the jungle One-stop shopping: federated search engines Asking for help and asking around Online tutorials for effective searching Exercises based on this chapter References Chapter 3 Getting your bearings: what is this paper about? The science of‘trashing’papers Three preliminary questions to get your bearings xviii 1 1 4 11 13 14 16 17 18 19 22 23 23 25 26 26 27 27 29 29 31
viii Contents Randomised controlled trials Cohort studies Case-control studies Cross-sectional surveys Case reports The traditional hierarchy of evidence Exercises based on this chapter References 35 38 40 41 41 42 43 43 Chapter 4 * Assessing methodological quality Was the study original? Whom is the study about? Was the design of the study sensible? Was bias avoided or minimised? Was assessment ‘blind’? Were preliminary statistical questions addressed? A note on ethical considerations Summing up Exercises based on this chapter References 45 45 46 47 49 53 54 57 58 59 60 Chapter 5 Statistics for the non-statistician How can non-statisticians evaluate statistical tests? Have the authors set the scene correcdy? Paired data, tails and outliers Correlation, regression and causation Probability and confidence The bottom line Summary Exercises based on this chapter References 62 62 64 69 71 73 75 77 77 78 » Papers that report trials of drug treatments and other simple interventions 79 ‘Evidence’ and marketing Making decisions about therapy Surrogate endpoints What information to expect in a paper describing a randomised controlled trial: the CONSORT statement Getting worthwhile evidence from pharmaceutical representatives Exercises based on this chapter References Chapter 6 79 82 82 86 86 89 89
Contents ix Chapter 7 Papers that report trials of complex interventions Complex interventions Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a complex intervention Exercises based on this chapter References 92 92 94 99 100 Papers that report diagnostic or screening tests Ten men in the dock Validating diagnostic tests against a gold standard Ten questions to ask about a paper that claims to validate a diagnostic or screening test Likelihood ratios Clinical prediction rules Exercises based on this chapter References 101 Chapter 8 101 102 107 111 113 114 115 Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses) 117 When is a review systematic? Evaluating systematic reviews Meta-analysis for the non-statistician Explaining heterogeneity New approaches to systematic review Exercises based on this chapter References ' 117 120 125 130 132 133 133 Papers that tell you what to do (guidelines) 137 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 The great guidelines debate Ten questions to ask about a clinical guideline Exercises based on this chapter References Chapter 11 Papers that tell you what things cost (economic analyses) What is economic analysis? Measuring the costs and benefits of health interventions A note on‘Choosing Wisely’ Ten questions to ask about an economic analysis Conclusions Exercises based on this chapter References 137 141 147 ■ 148 150 150 152 157 157 162 162 162
x Contents Chapter 12 Papers that go beyond numbers (qualitative research) What is qualitative research? Ten questions to ask about a qualitative research paper Conclusions Exercises based on this chapter References 165 165 169 176 176 177 Chapter 13 Papers that report questionnaire research The rise and rise of questionnaire research Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a questionnaire study Conclusions Exercises based on this chapter References 179 179 180 188 189 189 Chapter 14 Papers that report quality improvement case studies What are quality improvement studies, and how should we research them? Ten questions to ask about a paper describing a quality improvement initiative Conclusions Exercises based on this chapter References 191 191 193 200 200 201 Chapter 15 Papers that describe genetic association studies The three eras of human genetic studies (so far) What is a genome-wide association study (GWAS)? Clinical applications of GWAS Direct-to-consumer genetic testing Mendelian randomisation studies Epigenetics - a space to watch Ten questions to ask about a genetic association study Conclusions Exercises based on this chapter References 203 203 204 207 209 210 211 212 216 216 216 Chapter 16 Applying evidence with patients The patient perspective Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) Shared decision-making Option grids N of 1 trials and other individualised approaches Exercises based on this chapter References » 219 219 221 222 223 227 228 229
Contents xi Chapter 17 Criticisms of evidence-based healthcare What’s wrong with EBHC when it’s done badly? 232 232 What’s wrong with EBHC when it’s done well? Why is evidence-based policymaking’ so hard to achieve? Exercises based on this chapter References Appendix 1 Checklists for finding, appraising and implementing evidence 235 238 239 240 242 Appendix 2 Assessing the effects of an intervention 252 Index 253
howto read a paper THE BASICS OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE SIXTH EDITION ; ¡ The bestselling guide to evidence-based medicine and healthcare Required reading in many medical and healthcare institutions, How to Read a Paperis a clear and wide-ranging introduction to evidence-based medicine and healthcare, helping readers to understand its central principles, critically evaluate published data, and implement the results in practical settings. Author Trisha Greenhalgh guides readers through each fundamental step of ! inquiry, from searching the literature to assessing methodological quality and appraising statistics. How to Read a Paper addresses the common criticisms of evidence-based healthcare, dispelling many of its myths and misconceptions, while providing a pragmatic framework for testing the validity of healthcare literature. Now in its sixth edition, this informative text includes new arid expanded discussions of study bias, political interference in published reports,, medical statistics, big data and more. • Offers user-friendly guidance bn evidence-based healthcare that is applicable to both experienced and novice readers • Authored by an internationally recognised practitioner and researcher in evidence-based healthcare and primary care • Includes updated references, additional figures, improved checklists and more ƒ How to Read a Paper iş an ideal resource for healthcare studęnts, practitioners and anyone seeking an accessible introduction to evidence-based healthcare. TRISHA GREENHALGH, OBE, FMedSci is Professor of Primary Care Health Sciences,
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, UK. |
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| spelling | Greenhalgh, Trisha Verfasser (DE-588)12139610X aut How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine and healthcare Trisha Greenhalgh, Professor of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Sixth edition Hoboken, NJ, USA Wiley Blackwell 2019 xix, 262 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Medizinpublizistik (DE-588)7617327-6 gnd rswk-swf Evidenz-basierte Medizin (DE-588)4543414-1 gnd rswk-swf Lesetechnik (DE-588)4253957-2 gnd rswk-swf Evidence-Based Practice Research Journalism, Medical Lesetechnik (DE-588)4253957-2 s Evidenz-basierte Medizin (DE-588)4543414-1 s Medizinpublizistik (DE-588)7617327-6 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ePDF 978-1-119-48473-8 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ePub 978-1-119-48472-1 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031288820&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031288820&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
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| title_full | How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine and healthcare Trisha Greenhalgh, Professor of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford, Oxford, UK |
| title_fullStr | How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine and healthcare Trisha Greenhalgh, Professor of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford, Oxford, UK |
| title_full_unstemmed | How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine and healthcare Trisha Greenhalgh, Professor of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford, Oxford, UK |
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