Rubber analysis: characterisation, failure diagnosis and reverse engineering
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Berlin
De Gruyter
[2019]
|
| Ausgabe: | 2nd edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | De Gruyter STEM
|
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| Umfang: | XV, 343 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783110640274 3110640279 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Forrest, Martin |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)108947315X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Rubber analysis |b characterisation, failure diagnosis and reverse engineering |c Martin J. Forrest |
| 250 | |a 2nd edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b De Gruyter |c [2019] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2019 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 343 Seiten |b Illustrationen |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819249540626120704 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE
*
V
1
INTRODUCTION
*
1
REFERENCES
-----
5
2
ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES
*
7
2.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
7
2.2
WET
CHEMISTRY
TECHNIQUES
-----
7
2.3
ELEMENTAL
ANALYSERS
AND
ELEMENTAL
ANALYSIS
*
8
2.4
SPECTROSCOPIC
TECHNIQUES
-----
9
2.4.1
INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
-----
9
2.4.2
INFRARED
MICROSPECTROMETRY
-----
12
2.4.3
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
-----
13
2.4.4
ULTRAVIOLET
LIGHT
SPECTROSCOPY
-----
13
2.4.5
NUCLEAR
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
SPECTROSCOPY
*
14
2.4.6
MASS
SPECTROSCOPY
TECHNIQUES
-----
14
2.4.7
ATOMIC
ABSORPTION
SPECTROMETRY
-----
15
2.4.8
INDUCTIVELY
COUPLED
PLASMA-ATOMIC
EMISSION
SPECTROSCOPY
*
16
2.4.9
INDUCTIVELY
COUPLED
PLASMA-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
-------
16
2.4.10
X-RAY
FLUORESCENCE
SPECTROSCOPY
AND
X-RAY
DIFFRACTION
-----
17
2.4.11
ENERGY-DISPERSIVE
X-RAY
SPECTROSCOPY
-----
17
2.4.12
CHEMILUMINESCENCE
SPECTROSCOPY
*
18
2.5
CHROMATOGRAPHIC
TECHNIQUES
-----
19
2.5.1
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
-----
19
2.5.2
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
-----
19
2.5.3
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-TIME-OF-FLIGHT
MASS
SPECTROMETRY
-----
20
2.5.4
HIGH-PERFORMANCE
LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY
-----
21
2.5.5
HIGH-PERFORMANCE
LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
-----
23
2.5.6
ION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
-----
24
2.5.7
SUPERCRITICAL
FLUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY
-----24
2.5.8
GEL-PERMEATION
CHROMATOGRAPHY/SIZE
EXCLUSION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
-----
25
2.5.9
THIN-LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY
AND
PAPER
CHROMATOGRAPHY
-----
27
2.6 THERMAL
TECHNIQUES
-----
27
2.6.1
DIFFERENTIAL
SCANNING
CALORIMETRY
-
27
2.6.1.1
MODULATED
DIFFERENTIAL
SCANNING
CALORIMETRY
-----
29
2.6.1.2
HYPERDSC*
-----
30
2.6.2
DYNAMIC
MECHANICAL
ANALYSIS
-----
31
VIII
*
CONTENTS
2.6.3
MICROTHERMAL
ANALYSIS
------
32
2.6.3.1
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
HOMOGENEITY
OF
POLYMER
BLENDS
------
32
2.
6.
3.2
STUDYING
SURFACES
------
32
2.
6.
3.3
CHARACTERISATION
OF
LOCALISED
THERMAL
HISTORY
-------
32
2.6.4
THERMAL
MECHANICAL
ANALYSIS
-----
33
2.6.5
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS
-----
33
2.
6.
5.1
HIGH-RESOLUTION
THERMAL
MECHANICAL
ANALYSIS
------
34
2.6.5.2
MODULATED
THERMAL
MECHANICAL
ANALYSIS
------34
2.6.53
THERMAL
MECHANICAL
ANALYSIS
WITH
EVOLVED
GAS
ANALYSIS
*
35
2.6.6
DIELECTRIC
ANALYSIS
-----
35
2.6.7
THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY
ANALYSIS
----- 36
2.7
MICROSCOPY
TECHNIQUES
-----
36
2.8
RHEOLOGICAL
INSTRUMENTS
-----
37
2.9
MISCELLANEOUS
ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES
-----
38
REFERENCES
-----
38
3
PRINCIPAL
COMPONENTS
AND
BULK
COMPOSITION-----
43
3.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
43
3.2
IDENTIFICATION
AND
QUANTIFICATION
OF
THE
POLYMER
IN
RUBBER
COMPOUNDS
-----
44
3.3
CHARACTERISATION
OF
RUBBERY
POLYMERS
-----
55
3.3.1
DETERMINATION
OF
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
-----
55
3.3.1.1
GEL
PERMEATION
CHROMATOGRAPHY/SIZE
EXCLUSION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
-----
56
3.3.1.2
VISCOSITY
-----
58
3.3.1.3
OSMOMETRY
------
59
3.3.1.4
LIGHT
SCATTERING
------
59
3.3.1.5
MISCELLANEOUS
TECHNIQUES
------
60
3.3.2
MONOMER TYPES
AND
MICROSTRUCTURE
------60
3.3.3
SPECIFIC
HEAT
VALUES
-----
62
3.3.4
CRYSTALLINITY
-----
62
3.3.5
ANALYSIS
OF
RUBBER
BLENDS
-----
65
3.3.6
DEGRADATION
STUDIES
AND
CHANGES
IN
CHEMICAL
STRUCTURE
*
68
3.4
DETERMINATION
OF
PLASTICISERS
OR
PROCESS
OILS
-----
69
3.4.1
QUANTIFICATION
-----
69
3.4.2
IDENTIFICATION
-----69
3.4.3
DETERMINATION
OF
POLYAROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
IN
HYDROCARBON
OILS
AND
RUBBER
PRODUCTS
-----
73
3.5
DETERMINATION
OF
CARBON
BLACK
------
74
3.5.1
QUANTIFICATION
OF
CARBON
BLACK
IN
RUBBER
VULCANISATES
*
75
3.5.2
DISPERSION
OF
CARBON
BLACK
WITHIN
RUBBER
PRODUCTS
-----
78
3.5.2.1
CABOT
DISPERSION
TEST
-----
78
CONTENTS
*
IX
3.5.2.2
CUT
SURFACE
AND
TORN
SURFACE
METHODS
----- 78
3.5.2.3
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPY
------
79
3.5.2.4
ONLINE
MEASUREMENT
DURING
PROCESSING
-----
79
3.5.3
ISOLATION
OF
CARBON
BLACK
FROM
A
VULCANISATE
*
79
3.5.3.1
DIGESTION
OF
THE
MATRIX
FOLLOWED
BY
FILTRATION
-----
79
3.53.2
ISOLATION
BY
NON-OXIDATIVE
PYROLYSIS
-----
79
3.5.4
SURFACE
AREA
TESTS
ON
RECOVERED
BLACK
-----
80
3.6
CHARACTERISATION
OF
CARBON
BLACK
-----
80
3.6.1
PARTICULATE
AND
AGGREGATE
SIZE
*
81
3.6.2
TOTAL
SURFACE
AREA
*
81
3.6.2.1
BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER
METHOD
(NITROGEN
ADSORPTION)
-----
81
3.6.2.2
IODINE
ADSORPTION
-----
82
3.6.2.3
CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM
BROMIDE
ADSORPTION
-----
82
3.6.3
EXTERNAL
SURFACE
AREA
-----
82
3.6.4
DETERMINATION
OF
POLYAROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
IN
CARBON
BLACK
-----
82
3.6.5
MISCELLANEOUS
ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES
-
83
3.7
DETERMINATION
OF
INORGANIC
FILLERS
-----83
3.8
DETERMINATION
OF
THE
BULK
COMPOSITION
OF
A
RUBBER
-----
85
REFERENCES
*
91
4
ADDITIVES
-----
97
4.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
97
4.2
DETERMINATION
OF
ANTIDEGRADANTS
IN
A
RUBBER
COMPOUND
*
100
4.2.1
ULTRAVIOLET
STABILISERS
-----
101
4.2.2
ANTIOXIDANTS
-----
101
4.2.3
ANTIOZONANTS
-----
104
4.2.4
DEGRADATION
STUDIES
*
106
4.3
DETERMINATION
OF
CURE
SYSTEM
ADDITIVES
AND
THEIR
BREAKDOWN
PRODUCTS
-----
110
4.3.1
ANALYSIS
OF
UNCURED
SAMPLES
*
110
4.3.2
ANALYSIS
OF
CURED
SAMPLES
-----
111
4.3.3
CURE
STATE
AND
CURE-STATE
STUDIES
*
117
4.4
DETERMINATION
OF
MISCELLANEOUS
ADDITIVES
*
118
4.4.1
BLOWING
AGENTS
-----
118
4.4.2
FLAME
RETARDANTS
-----
119
4.4.3
PROCESS
AIDS
-----
121
4.4.3.1
PLASTICISERS
AND
OILS
-----
121
4.43.2
RESINS
-----
121
4.4.33
PINE
TAR
AND
FACTICE
------
122
4.4.4
PEROXIDE
CO-AGENTS
-----
122
4.4.5
STEARIC
ACID
-----
123
X
----
-
CONTENTS
4.5
GENERAL
ANALYSIS
WORK
FOR
THE
IDENTIFICATION
AND
QUANTIFICATION
OF
ADDITIVES
-----
123
REFERENCES
*
127
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
REVERSE
ENGINEERING
AND
PRODUCT
DEFORMULATION
-----
129
INTRODUCTION
-----
129
USE
OF
GCXGC-TOF-MS
FOR
REVERSE
ENGINEERING
-----
132
CASE
STUDY
-
DEFORMULATION
OF
A
RUBBER
SAMPLE
-----
139
INTRODUCTION
-----
139
INITIAL
SUITE
OF
TESTS
-----
140
5.3.2.1
QUANTITATIVE
SOLVENT
EXTRACTION
-----
140
5.3.2.2
ASH
CONTENT
-----
140
53.2.3
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS
-----
140
53.2.4
FOURIER-TRANSFORM
INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY
-----
141
53.2.5
X-RAY
FLUORESCENCE
SPECTROSCOPY
-----
141
53.2.6
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
-----
141
5.3.3
5.3.4
RESULTS
FROM
THE
INITIAL
SUITE
OF
TESTS
-----
142
ADDITIONAL
TESTS
-----
146
53.4.1
QUANTITATIVE
ELEMENTAL
DETERMINATIONS
-----
146
53.4.2
SOLID-STATE
NUCLEAR
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
---
147
5.3.5
5.3.6
RESULTS
FROM
THE
ADDITIONAL
TESTS
-----
147
SUMMARY
OF
THE
INFORMATION
OBTAINED
ON
THE
UNKNOWN
SAMPLE
-----
148
5.4
PUBLISHED
REVERSE
ENGINEERING
STUDIES
-----
150
REFERENCES
-----
153
6
6.1
6.2
CURING
AND
CURE
STATE
STUDIES
-----
155
INTRODUCTION
-----
155
THERMAL
ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES
FOR
CURING
AND
CURE
STATE
STUDIES
-----
157
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.3
DIFFERENTIAL
SCANNING
CALORIMETRY
-----
157
DYNAMIC
MECHANICAL
ANALYSIS
*
161
OTHER
THERMAL
TECHNIQUES
-----
163
USE
OF
CHROMATOGRAPHIC
AND
SPECTROSCOPIC
TECHNIQUES
FOR
CURING
AND
CURE
STATE
STUDIES
-----
164
6.4
6.5
6.6
RHEOMETRIC
STUDIES
-----
165
FINITE
ELEMENT
ANALYSIS
AND
MATHEMATICAL
MODELLING
-----
168
OTHER
TECHNIQUES
AND
METHODOLOGIES
FOR
STUDYING
CURING
AND
CURE
STATE
-----
170
6.7
COMPARATIVE
STUDIES
-----
171
REFERENCES
*
171
CONTENTS
XI
7
CHARACTERISATION
OF
RUBBER
PROCESS
FUME
-----
175
7.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
175
7.2
COMPOSITION
OF
RUBBER
PROCESS
FUME
-----
177
7.3
PRINCIPAL
FACTORS
AFFECTING
THE
COMPOSITION
OF
RUBBER
FUME
IN
THE
WORKPLACE
*
178
7.3.1
INFLUENCE
OF
RUBBER
COMPOUND
FORMULATION
ON
COMPOSITION
OF
RUBBER
FUME
-----
178
7.3.2
INFLUENCE
OF
DIFFERENT
PROCESSES
AND
PROCESSING
TEMPERATURES
ON
THE
COMPOSITION
OF
RUBBER
FUMES
-----
179
7.4
CAPTURE
AND
ANALYSES
OF
RUBBER
PROCESS
FUMES
*
180
7.4.1
DIFFERENT
SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
AND
ANALYTICAL
METHODS
---
180
7.4.2
INFLUENCE
OF
DIFFERENT
SAMPLING
AND
ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES
ON
RUBBER
FUMES
DATA
-----
181
7.5
ANALYTICAL
STUDIES
CARRIED
OUT
ON
RUBBER
FUMES
-----
183
7.5.1
RUBBER
FUME
DATA
RESULTING
FROM
FACTORY
STUDIES
-----
183
7.5.2
RUBBER
FUME
DATA
RESULTING
FROM
LABORATORY
STUDIES
-----
186
7.6
CONCLUSIONS
-----
191
REFERENCES
-----
192
8
COMPLIANCE
WITH
FOOD-CONTACT
REGULATIONS
-----
195
8.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
195
8.2
RUBBERS
FOR
FOOD-CONTACT
APPLICATIONS
-----
196
8.3
OVERVIEW
OF
THE
EUROPEAN
UNION
AND
UNITED
STATES
FOOD
AND
DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
REGULATIONS
-----
199
8.3.1
EUROPEAN
UNION
LEGISLATION
-----
199
8.3.2
GERMAN
REGULATIONS
-----
199
8.3.3
REQUIREMENTS
IN
FRANCE
-----
201
8.3.4
REQUIREMENTS
IN
THE
UNITED
KINGDOM
-----
201
8.3.5 UNITED
STATES
FOOD
AND
DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
REGULATIONS
-----
202
8.3.6
COUNCIL
OF
EUROPE
RESOLUTIONS
-----
203
8.3.6.1
COE
RESOLUTION
ON
RUBBER
PRODUCTS
------
204
83.6.2
COE
RESOLUTION
ON
SILICONE
MATERIALS
-----
206
8.4
ANALYSIS
WORK
TO
CHARACTERISE
FOOD-CONTACT
RUBBERS
*
207
8.4.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
207
8.4.2
FINGERPRINTING
POTENTIAL
MIGRANTS
FROM
RUBBER
COMPOUNDS
-----
207
8.4.2.1
USE
OF
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
TO
FINGERPRINT
FOOD-CONTACT
RUBBER
SAMPLES
*
207
8.4.2.2
USE
OF
LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
TO
FINGERPRINT
FOOD-CONTACT
RUBBER
SAMPLES
*
209
8.4.3
DETERMINATION
OF
SPECIFIC
SUBSTANCES
IN
FOOD-CONTACT
RUBBERS
------
212
8.4.3.1
MONOMERS
------
212
8.43.2
PLASTICISERS
AND
PROCESS
OILS
-----
213
XII
CONTENTS
8.43.3
CURE
SYSTEM
SPECIES,
ACCELERATORS
AND
THEIR
REACTION
PRODUCTS
-----
213
8.43.4
ANTIDEGRADANTS
AND
THEIR
REACTION
PRODUCTS
-----
213
8.43.5
OLIGOMERS
-----
214
8.5
ANALYSIS
WORK
TO
DETECT
AND
QUANTIFY
SPECIFIC
MIGRANTS
IN
FOOD
SIMULANTS
AND
FOOD
*
214
8.5.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
214
8.5.2 CHEMICAL
TYPE
OF
THE
POTENTIAL
MIGRANT
-----
215
8.5.2.1
ALKYLPHENOL
AND
BISPHENOL
A
-----
215
8.5.2.2
PEROXIDE
BREAKDOWN
PRODUCTS
-----
215
8.5.23
DIMETHYLSILOXANES
AND
OTHER
COMPONENTS
FROM
SILICONE
RUBBERS
-----
216
8.5.2.4
ACCELERATORS
AND
ANTIDEGRADANTS
------
216
85.2.5
OLIGOMERS
-----
217
8.53
FOOD-CONTACT
PRODUCTS
-----
217
8.53.1
TEATS
AND
SOOTHERS
-----
217
8.53.2
RUBBER
ADHESIVES
-----
219
8.533
MEAT
NETTING
-----
219
8.53.4
RUBBER
GLOVES
FOR
HANDLING
FOOD
------
220
8.53.5
THERMOPLASTIC
RUBBERS
-----
220
8.53.6
NATURAL
AND
SYNTHETIC
RUBBER
PRODUCTS
-----
220
8.53.7
SILICONE
RUBBER
PRODUCTS
-----
222
REFERENCES
-----
226
9
EXTRACTABLE
AND
LEACHABLE
STUDIES
ON
RUBBER
PRODUCTS
*
229
9.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
229
9.1.1
EXTRACTABLES
-----
230
9.1.2
LEACHABLES
*
230
9.2
ORIGINS
OF
SUBSTANCES
THAT
CAN
CONTRIBUTE
TO
EXTRACTABLE
AND
LEACHABLE
PROFILES
OF
RUBBERS
-----
231
9.2.1
POLYMER
-----
232
9.2.1.1
POLYMERISATION
RESIDUES,
MONOMERS,
OLIGOMERS
AND
IMPURITIES
-----
232
9.2.1.2
DEGRADATION
PRODUCTS
OF
THE
POLYMER
------
233
9.2.2
ADDITIVES
IN
THE
UNALTERED
STATE
-----234
9.2.2.1
PLASTICISERS
AND
FILLERS
------
234
9.2.2.2
ANTIDEGRADANTS,
PROCESS
AIDS
AND
PIGMENTS
-----
234
9.2.3
BREAKDOWN
AND
REACTION
PRODUCTS
OF
CURE
SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
-----
235
9.23.1
PEROXIDES
-----
235
9.23.2
SULFUR
DONOR-TYPE
CURE
SYSTEMS
-----
236
9.2.33
ACCELERATORS
USED
IN
SULFUR-TYPE
CURE
SYSTEMS
----- 236
CONTENTS
*
XIII
9.2.4
BREAKDOWN
AND
REACTION
PRODUCTS
OF
ANTIDEGRADANTS
USED
IN
RUBBERS
-----
238
9.2.4.1
ANTIOXIDANTS
-----
238
9.2.4.2
ANTIOZONANTS
USED
IN
RUBBER
PRODUCTS
-----239
9.2.5
CARBON
BLACK
FILLERS
AND
THE
FORMATION
OF
NITROSAMINES
*
239
9.3
OVERVIEW
OF
EXTRACTABLE
AND
LEACHABLE
TESTING OF
RUBBER
PRODUCTS
-----
240
9.4
CASE
STUDY
-
POTENTIAL
AND
ACTUAL
EXTRACTABLES
FROM
AN
NITRILE
RUBBER
COMPOUND
-----
244
9.4.1
COMPOSITION
OF
THE
NITRILE
RUBBER
COMPOUND
-----
244
9.4.2
POTENTIAL
EXTRACTABLES
-----
245
9.4.3
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
ANALYSIS
OF
THE
NITRILE
RUBBER
SAMPLE
-----
247
9.4.3.1
HEADSPACE
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
-----
248
9.4.3.2
SOLUTION
INJECTION
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
-----
248
9.4.4
ANALYSIS
OF
THE
NITRILE
RUBBER
SAMPLE
BY
LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY
MASS
SPECTROMETRY
-----
249
9.4.5 SUMMERY
OF
THE
EXTRACTABLES
DETECTED
BY
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
MASS
SPECTROMETRY
AND
LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS
SPECTROMETRY
ANALYSIS
-----
250
9.5
DETERMINATION
OF
EXTRACTABLES
AND
LEACHABLES
*
251
REFERENCES
*
256
10
ANALYSIS
OF
SURFACE
BLOOMS
AND
CONTAMINANTS
*
261
10.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
261
10.2
SURFACE
BLOOMS
-----
261
10.2.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
261
10.2.2
DIFFERENT
TYPES
OF
BLOOM
OR
BLOOM-LIKE
PHENOMENA
-----
264
10.2.2.1
TRUE
BLOOMS
-----
264
10.2.2.2
MODIFIED
BLOOMS
-----
265
10.2.2.3
PSEUDO-BLOOMS
-----
265
10.2.2.4
SURFACE
CONTAMINATION
-----
265
10.2.2.5
STAINING
OR
DISCOLOURATION
-----
266
10.2.2.6
HAZING
-----
266
10.2.3
ANALYSIS
AND
IDENTIFICATION
OF
BLOOMS
266
10.2.3.1
SIMPLE
INVESTIGATIVE
TESTS
*
266
10.2.3.2
IN
SITU
TESTS
------267
10.2.3.3
MODELLING
OF
BLOOMING
-----
272
10.3
CONTAMINANTS
-----
273
10.3.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
273
10.3.2
IDENTIFICATION
OF
DIFFERENT
TYPES
OF
CONTAMINANT
*
273
10.3.2.1
PARTICULATES
------
273
XIV
*
CONTENTS
103.2.2
FIBRES
------
274
10.3.2.3
LIQUIDS
---- 274
REFERENCES
-----276
11
ANALYSIS
OF
RUBBER
LATICES
*
277
11.1
INTRODUCTION
-----
277
11.2
QUALITY
CONTROL
TESTS
------
278
11.2.1
SAMPLING
-----
278
11.2.2
COAGULUM
CONTENT
------
279
11.2.3
TOTAL
SOLIDS
CONTENT
------
279
11.2.4
DRY
RUBBER
CONTENT
------
279
11.2.5
DRY
POLYMER
CONTENT
------
279
11.2.6
DENSITY
-----
280
11.2.7
DETERMINATION
OF
PH
------
280
11.2.8
ALKALINITY
-----
280
11.2.9
POTASSIUM
HYDROXIDE
NUMBER
280
11.2.10
VOLATILE
FATTY
ACID
NUMBER
------
281
11.2.11
CARBON
DIOXIDE
NUMBER
------
281
11.2.12
NON-VOLATILE
ACIDS
-----
281
11.2.13
HIGHER
FATTY
ACIDS
-----
281
11.2.14
ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY
-----
282
11.2.15
LATEX
ALLERGY
TESTS,
PROTEIN
TESTS
AND
SENSITIVITY
TESTS
-----
282
11.3
CHEMICAL
STABILITY
TESTS
------
283
11.3.1
NATURAL
RUBBER
LATICES
------
283
11.3.2
SYNTHETIC
RUBBER
LATICES
------
283
11.4
POLYMER
COMPOSITION
OF
SYNTHETIC
LATICES
-----
284
11.4.1
BOUND
STYRENE
CONTENT
-----
284
11.4.2
TOTAL
BOUND
STYRENE
CONTENT
------
284
11.4.3
BOUND
ACRYLONITRILE
CONTENT
------
284
11.4.4
VOLATILE
MONOMERS
-----
285
11.5
PARTICULATE
PROPERTY
TESTS
------ 285
11.5.1
VISCOSITY
-----
285
11.5.2
SURFACE
TENSION
(SURFACE
FREE
ENERGY)
-----
286
11.5.3
SOAP
CONTENT
-----
286
11.5.4
SOAP
DEFICIENCY
-----
286
11.5.5
PARTICLE
SIZE
-----
287
11.6
MISCELLANEOUS
CHEMICAL
TESTS
-----
287
11.6.1
NITROGEN
AND
TRACE
METALS
------
287
11.6.2
ZINC
DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE
-----
288
11.6.3
BORIC
ACID
-----
288
11.6.4
DETERMINATION
OF
ADDITIVES
AND
COMPOUNDING
INGREDIENTS
-----
288
CONTENTS
XV
11.7
CHARACTERISATION
STUDIES
UNDERTAKEN
ON
RUBBER
LATICES
*
289
REFERENCES
-----
294
12
CONCLUSIONS
----
297
APPENDIX
1:
STANDARD
NOMENCLATURE
SYSTEM
FOR
RUBBERS
*
299
1.1
M
GROUP:
RUBBERS
HAVING
A
SATURATED
CARBON-CARBON
MAIN
CHAIN
-----
299
1.2
0
GROUP:
RUBBERS
HAVING
CARBON
AND
OXYGEN
IN
THE
MAIN
CHAIN
-----
299
1.3
Q
GROUP:
SILICONE
RUBBERS
-----
299
1.4
R
GROUP:
RUBBERS
HAVING
AN
UNSATURATED
CARBON
BACKBONE
-----300
1.5
T
GROUP:
RUBBERS
HAVING
CARBON,
OXYGEN
AND
SULFUR
IN
THE
MAIN
CHAIN
-----
300
1.6
U
GROUP:
RUBBERS
CONTAINING
CARBON,
OXYGEN
AND
NITROGEN
IN
THE
MAIN
CHAIN
-----
301
1.7
OTHERS
RUBBERS
-
GENERAL
DESIGNATIONS
AND
DESCRIPTIONS
*
301
1.8
OTHER
POLYMER-RELATED
ACRONYMS
WHICH
ARE
COMMONLY
ENCOUNTERED
IN
THE
RUBBER
INDUSTRY
INCLUDE
-----
301
1.9
OTHER
OTHER
NATURALLY
OCCURRING
POLYISOPRENES
*
301
APPENDIX
2:
INTERNATIONAL
RUBBER
ANALYSIS
STANDARDS
(ISO)
*
303
2.1
GENERAL
ISO
STANDARDS
-----
303
2.2
LATEX
ISO
STANDARDS
-----
304
2.3
CARBON
BLACK
ISO
STANDARDS
-----
306
2.4
STANDARD
ISO
TEST
FORMULATIONS
-----
307
2.5
STATISTICAL
STANDARDS
-----
308
2.6
RAW
AND
COMPOUNDED
RUBBER
STANDARDS
-----
308
APPENDIX
3:
SPECIFIC
GRAVITIES
OF
RUBBERS
AND
COMPOUNDING
INGREDIENTS
*
311
3.1
SPECIFIC
GRAVITIES
OF
POLYMERS
-----
311
3.2
SPECIFIC
GRAVITIES
OF
COMPOUNDING
INGREDIENTS
-----
312
ABBREVIATIONS
*
315
INDEX
-----
319
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Forrest, Martin |
| author_GND | (DE-588)108947315X |
| author_facet | Forrest, Martin |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Forrest, Martin |
| author_variant | m f mf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045886033 |
| classification_rvk | ZM 5300 UV 9150 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1103515929 (DE-599)DNB1173811419 |
| dewey-full | 678.2 620.194 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 678 - Elastomers and elastomer products 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| dewey-raw | 678.2 620.194 |
| dewey-search | 678.2 620.194 |
| dewey-sort | 3678.2 |
| dewey-tens | 670 - Manufacturing 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| edition | 2nd edition |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV045886033 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T18:37:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)10095502-2 |
| isbn | 9783110640274 3110640279 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031269100 |
| oclc_num | 1103515929 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-83 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-706 |
| owner_facet | DE-83 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-706 |
| physical | XV, 343 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | De Gruyter STEM |
| spellingShingle | Forrest, Martin Rubber analysis characterisation, failure diagnosis and reverse engineering Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd Formulierung Technische Chemie (DE-588)4246877-2 gnd Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd Kautschukprodukt (DE-588)4735349-1 gnd Kautschuk (DE-588)4030108-4 gnd Additiv (DE-588)4112451-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4009840-0 (DE-588)4246877-2 (DE-588)4192147-1 (DE-588)4735349-1 (DE-588)4030108-4 (DE-588)4112451-0 |
| title | Rubber analysis characterisation, failure diagnosis and reverse engineering |
| title_auth | Rubber analysis characterisation, failure diagnosis and reverse engineering |
| title_exact_search | Rubber analysis characterisation, failure diagnosis and reverse engineering |
| title_full | Rubber analysis characterisation, failure diagnosis and reverse engineering Martin J. Forrest |
| title_fullStr | Rubber analysis characterisation, failure diagnosis and reverse engineering Martin J. Forrest |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rubber analysis characterisation, failure diagnosis and reverse engineering Martin J. Forrest |
| title_short | Rubber analysis |
| title_sort | rubber analysis characterisation failure diagnosis and reverse engineering |
| title_sub | characterisation, failure diagnosis and reverse engineering |
| topic | Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd Formulierung Technische Chemie (DE-588)4246877-2 gnd Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd Kautschukprodukt (DE-588)4735349-1 gnd Kautschuk (DE-588)4030108-4 gnd Additiv (DE-588)4112451-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chemische Analyse Formulierung Technische Chemie Stoffeigenschaft Kautschukprodukt Kautschuk Additiv |
| url | http://www.degruyter.com/search?f_0=isbnissn&q_0=9783110640274&searchTitles=true http://d-nb.info/1173811419/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031269100&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT forrestmartin rubberanalysischaracterisationfailurediagnosisandreverseengineering AT walterdegruytergmbhcokg rubberanalysischaracterisationfailurediagnosisandreverseengineering |