Official secrets and oversight in the European Union: law and practices of classified information
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
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| Format: | Hochschulschrift/Dissertation Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford, United Kingdom
Oxford University Press
2019
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford studies in European law
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| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031064630&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | xxv, 186 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780198819219 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Cases Table ofLegislation and Other Documents List ofAbbreviations Introduction: Through the Democratic Lens: Official Secrets in the European Union Framing Official Secrets within Democratic Constraints Governance of Official Secrets and Executive Discretion Oversight and Fundamental Rights Methodological Considerations The Structure of the Book xiii xvii xxvii 1 5 7 8 10 12 1. The Oversight Dilemma and Democratic Constraints on Official Secrets in the EU Constitutional Context 13 Introduction The Evolving Architecture of the European Union Growing powers in security Plurality of executive actors EU Oversight and Institutional Workings Parliamentary, judicial, and administrative oversight Institutional workings: discretion and closed debates Democratic Constraints on Official Secrets Democratic foundations for constraints on official secrets Determining legitimate claims to official secrets Oversight and public deliberation Conclusions 13 14 14 19 23 23 26 29 30 33 36 39 2. EU Regulation of Official Secrets Introduction The Legal Regime of ‘European Union Classified Information’ Professional secrecy, official secrets, and EU primary law 41 41 42 43
x Table of Contents Institutional turf battles for legislation on EU official secrets EU rules on official secrets: Expanded across institutions, agencies, and bodies Mapping the Executive Engineering of EU Official Secrets Actors behind the design of EUCI What can become a secret? From NATO ‘Cosmic Top Secret’ to ‘EU Top Secret’ Originator control: From ‘soft’ to ‘hard’ gatekeeping of secrets Independence from Member States and external security cooperation Conclusions 3. EU Practices of Official Secrets: Administrative , Discretion in Action Introduction Administrative Discretion to Create Secrets Who decides? Mapping actors with discretion to create official secrets Justifying official secrets Administrative oversight of official secrets Insiders’ Access to Official Secrets EU institutional structure Administrative principles: Security clearance and the need-to-know Compound EU Administration: The Role of National Rules and Authorities National rules and authorities Differences and similarities in EU practices of secrecy Conclusions 4. Access to Official Secrets and Reviewing Executive Secrecy Introduction Access to Official Secrets Scope and time of access to official secrets Insiders of oversight institutions Limited access: The biggest challenge 48 51 57 57 60 63 66 68 71 71 72 74 77 80 85 85 87 90 90 93 94 97 97 99 Ю1 106 Ю9
Table of Contents Reviewing Executive Secrecy: Keeping Official Secrets in Check The Courts and fundamental rights Scope of review: Wide margin of executive discretion? Levels of secrecy: Justified ‘deep secrecy’ and closed evidence Duty to state reasons: A sufficient safeguard? Parliamentary review and disclosure of secrets EU secrecy under administrative review An ‘Executive Privilege’ for Official Secrets in the EU? Conclusions 5. Closed Parliamentary Oversight and Secret Evidence in EU Courts Introduction Parliamentary Oversight behind Closed Doors Parliamentary oversight and arrangements for official secrets Lack of publicness and public deliberation Judicial Review and Official Secrets in the EU EU judicial review prior to the official secrets revisions Secret evidence and access to justice Lawfulness of secret evidence: The ‘gist’ of disclosure Conclusions Conclusion Findings Limited review in ensuring a legitimate governance of official secrets Closed oversight and continuous challenges of access to official secrets Hindering public deliberation Constitutional Implications Peer-to-peer accountability Security and autonomy: Relations with Member States Towards Official Secrets and Oversight Aligned with EU Constitutional Principles Annex: List ofRespondents Bibliography Index xi 112 113 115 118 121 123 125 128 132 134 134 136 137 140 141 143 145 147 149 151 152 152 156 157 159 159 160 165 167 185
TABLE OF CASES Court ofJustice of the European Union Joined Cases 188-190/80 France, Italy and United Kingdom v Commission, ECLI:EU:C:1982:257 .44 Case C-72/83 Campus Oil v Ministerfor Industry and Energy, EU:C:1984:256 . 14-15 Case C-294/83 Les Verts v Parliament, EU:C:1986:166. 25 Case 45/86 Commission v Council, ECLI:EU:C:1987:163 . 44 Case 68/86 United Kingdom v Council, ECLI:EU:C:1988:85. 44 Case C-350/88 Delacre and Others v Commission, EU:C:1990:71 . 142-43 Case C-269/90 Technische Universität München v Hauptzollamt München-Mitte, EU:C:1991:438.122 Case C-70/94 Werner v Germany, EU:C:1995:328. 14-15 Case Т-353/94 Postbank v Commission, EU:T:1996:119. 113-15 Case T-371/94 British Airways and Othersv Commission, EU:T:1998:140. 113-15 CaseT-174/95 Svenska Journalistforbundet v Council, EU:T:1998:127. 14-15, 116-17 Case T-92/98 Interpon v Commission, EU:T:1999:308. 122 Case T-14/98 Hautala v Council, EU:T:1999:157. 116-17, 130-31 Case C-369/00 Netherlands v Council OJ C316/19 of 4/11/2000 subsequently removed from the register
OJ C144/30 of 15/6/2002. 67 Case T-211/00 Kuijerv Council, EU:T:2002:30.116-17 Case T-228/02 Organisation des Modjahedines du peuple d’Iran v Council, ECLI:EU:T:2006:384. 109-10,122-23,142-43 Case С-64/05 Р Sweden v Commission EU:C:2007:802.64-65, 130-31 Case C-266/05 P Sisón v Council EU:C:2007:75. 65,115-16, 118-20,142-43 Case T-264/04 WWF European Policy Programme v Council, EU:T:2007:114.116-17 Case T-284/08 People’s Mojahedin Organization ofIran v Council EU:T:2008:550 . 82-83,109-10,120-21,144-45 Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P, Kadi and Al Barakaat v Council, ECLLEU:C:2008:461 .Ю9-10 Case C-284/05 Commission v Finland, EU:C:2009:778.3-4, 17-19, 130—31 Case T-85/09 Kadi v Commission, ECLI:EU:T:2010:418 .109—10 Case C-400/10 J.McB v L.E, EU:C:2010:582.147-48 Case C-27/09 P France v People’s Mojahedin Organization ofIran, EU:C:2011:853.25, Ю9-10,120-21,141-42
xiv Table of Cases Joined Cases T-109/05 and T-444/05, Navigazione Libera del Golfo Sri v European Commission, EU:T:2011:235 . 113-15 Case T-59/09 Germany v Commission, EU:T:2012:75 . 64-65 Joined cases C-539/10 P and C-550/10 P Al-Aqsa v Council and The Netherlands v Al-Aqsa, EU:C:2012:711. 122-23, 142-43 Case C-300/11 ZZ v Secretary ofState for the Home Department, EU:C:2013:363.54-55,113-15,144 Case C-576/12 P Jurašinoviév Council, EU:C:2013:777 . 118-20 СаѕеТ-331/ll Besselinkv Council, EU:T:2013:419. 116-17 Case T-93/11 Stichting Corporate Europe Observatory v Commission, EU:T:2013:308. 118-20 CaseC-280/11 P Council v Access Info Europe, EU:C:2013:671 . 27-28, 113-15 Case T-301/10 In ‘t Veld v Commission, EU:T:2013:135. 124-25 CaseT-462/12 R Pilkington Group Ltd v Commission, EU:T:2013:119.113-15 Case C-280/12 P Council v Fűimen andMahmoudian, EU:C:2013:775.109-10 Joined Cases C-584/10 P, C-593/10 P and C-595/10 P Commission and Others v Kadi EU:C:2013:518. 113-15 Case C-350/12 P Council v in ‘t Veld,
EU:C:2014:2039. 113-15 Case C-658/11 European Parliament v Council ofthe European Union, EU:C:2014:2025 . 104,130-31 Case C-409/13 Council v Commission, EU:C:2015:217. 19-20 Case C-263/14 Parliament v Council, EU:C:2016:435. 104 Opinions Opinion 2/13, EU:C:2014:2454. 14-15 Advocate General Opinions Opinion of AG Geelhoed EU:C:2006:427 Opinion of AG Sharpston EU:C:2011:482 Opinion of A.G. Bot EU:C:2012:563. Opinion of AG Sharpston EU:C:2014:88. .118-20 .25,109-10,141-42 .54 .116-17 European Court of Human Rights ECtHR, Edwards v UK, Series A no 247-B, judgment of 25 November 1992. ECtHR, Rowe v UK, application no 28901/95, judgment of 16 February 2000. 147-48 147-48
Table of Cases ECtHR, Fitt v UK, application no 29777/96, judgment of 16 February 2000. ECtHR, Jasper v UK, application no 27052/95, judgment of 16 February 2000. ECtHR, Atlan v UK, application no 36533/97, judgment of 19 June 2001. ECtHR, Dowsett v UK, application no 39482/98, judgment of 14 May 2002. ECtHR, Botmeh and Alami v UK, application no 15187/03, judgment of 7 June 2007 . xv 147-48 147-48 147-48 147-48 147-48 National Courts United States ofAmerica US Supreme Court, United States v Nixon 418 US 683 (1974), 24 July 1974 . 128-29 US District Court for the District of Columbia, International Environmental Law v Office ofthe United States Trade Representative, Civil Action No. 01-CV-498 (RWR/JMF), 26 April 2012.113-15 US District Court for the District of Virginia, Gulet Mohamed v. Eric Holder, Civil Action No. l:ll-cv-50 (AJT/TRJ), 16 July 2015. 113-15
TABLE OF LEGISLATION AND OTHER DOCUMENTS Treaty on the European Union (TEU; consolidated version: [2012] OJ C 326/13) Arti. 10-11,75, 133-34 Art 4(1). 46, 57 Art 4(2). 46,57 Art 5. 45 Art 5(1). 43-44 Art 6(3). 149 Art 10.24-25 Art 11.20-21 Art 13(2). 46 Art 14(1).25-26 Art 14(2).20-21 Art 15(1).20-21 Art 17(2).20-21, 52 Art 18(1).20-21 Art 18(2).22-23 Art 18(4).22-23 Art 19(1). 100 Art 27(1). 22-23 Art 31(3).20-21 Art 33. 22-23 Art 36.101 Art 37. 68 Art 40. 26 Art 48. 20-21 Art 49. 20-21 Treaty on the Functioning of the
European Union (TFEU; consolidated version: [2012] OJ C 326/47) Art 4(2)(j). 17-18 . Art 7. . 18-20,46-47 Art 15. . 45-47 Art 15(3). .46 Art 68. . 20-21 Art 70. . 21-22 Art 71. .100 Art 72. .15-16 Art 215. . 17-20 Art 216(1). . 17-18 Art 218(10). .100,105 Art 225. .20-21 Art 228. .100 Art 240. .57 Art 241. . 20-21 Art 249. . 52 Art 253. .55-56 Art 254. .55-56 Art 263. . 27 Art 275. . 26 Art 319. . 25-26 Art 339. .44-45 Art 346(l)(a). .3-5,131-32 Art 352. . 47-48
xviii Table ofLegislation and Other Documents Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ([2012] OJ C 326/391) Art 41. 133՜34 Art 53. Ю-Π Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms European Convention of Human Rights (European Convention on Human Rights, as amended) Art 6. 143-44 Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC Treaty, original version, 1957) Art 24. 43 Agreements Agreement between the European Parliament and the Commission on procedures for implementing Council Decision 1999/468/EC laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission, as amended by Decision 2006/512/EC [2008] QJ C143/1. աջ Agreement between the Member States of the European Union, meeting within the Council, regarding the protection of classified information exchanged in the interests of the European Union [2011] OJ C202/13. 48, 52 Interinstitutional Agreement of 20 November 2002 between the European Parliament and the Council concerning access by the European Parliament to sensitive information of the Council in the field of security and defence policy [2002] OJ C298/1 . 54-55, 101,129-30 Interinstitutional Agreement of 12 March 2014 between the European Parliament and the Council concerning the forwarding to and handling by the European Parliament of classified
information held by the Council on matters other than those in the area of the common foreign and security policy [2014] OJC95/1 . 47-48,101, 129-30, 139-40 Agreement between the European Union and the United States of America on the processing and Transfer of Financial Messaging data from the European Union to the United States for the purposes of the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program [2010] OJ L195/5.18-20 Framework Agreement on relations between the European Parliament and the European Commission [2010] OJ L304/47. 101, 124-25 Protocols Protocol (No 3) on the Statute of the Court ofJustice of the European Union [2012] OJ C326/210 . 44-45
Table ofLegislation and Other Documents Protocol (No 4) on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank [2012] C326/230.44-45 Regulations Regulation No 3 of 31 July 1958 implementing Article 24 of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community [1958] OJ 17/406 .43 Commission Regulation (Euratom) No 302/2005 of 8 February 2005 on the application of Euratom safeguards [2005] OJ L54/1.43 Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26 October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union [2004] OJ L349/1, as amended by Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council [2007] OJ L199/30 and by Regulation (EU) No 1168/ 2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council [2011] OJ L304/1 . 52-53 Council Regulation (EC) No 2580/ 2001 of 27 December 2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorism [2001] OJ L344/70 . 114-16,144 Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and xix Commission documents [2001] OJ L145/43.1-3,44-45, 52, 75-76, 114-16 Regulation 2016/794 of the European Parliament and the Council of 11 May 2016 on the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) and replacing and repealing Council
Decisions 2009/371/JHA, 2009/934/JHA, 2009/935/JHA, 2009/936/JHA, and 2009/968/JHA, OJ L 135.52-53, 78-79,124-25 Directives Directive 2012/29 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA [2012] OJ L315/57.16-17 Directive 2012/13 on the right to information in criminal proceedings [2012]OJL142/1. 16-17 Directive 2011/99 on the European protection order [2011] OJ L338/2 . 16-17 Joint Actions Council Joint Action 2004/551/CFSP of 12 July 2004 on the establishment of the European Defence Agency [2004] OJ L245/17, as amended by Council Joint Action 2008/299/ CFSP [2008] OJ L102/34 . 52-53 Common Positions Council Common Position 2001/931/ CFSP of 27 December 2001 on the
XX Table ofLegislation and Other Documents application of specific measures to combat terrorism [2001] OJ L344/93 . 114-16,117-18, 119,144-45 Council Decisions Council Decision 2013/488/EU of 23 September 2013 on the security rules for protecting EU classified information [2013] OJ L274/1 . 11-12,52-53,55-56, 59-60,61-62,76, 78,81, 83-85,92 Council Decision 2010/427/EU of 26 July 2010 establishing the organisation and functioning of the European External Action Service [2010] OJ L201/30.22-23,103-4 Council Decision 2001/264/EC of 19 March 2001 adopting the Council’s security regulations [2001] OJ L 101/1 European External Action Service [2010] OJ L201/30.43 Council Decision No 24 of 30 January 1995 on measures to protect classified information applicable to the General Secretariat of the Council. .49-50,63 Council Decision 2013/488/EU of 23 September 2013 on the security rules for protecting EU classified information [2013] OJ L274/1. 11-12, 52,76,78,81,84-85 Council Decision 2014/401/CFSP of 26 June 2014 on the European Union Satellite Centre and repealing Joint Action 2001/555/ CFSP on the establishment of a European Union Satellite Centre [2014] OJ LÍ 88/73.52 Council Decision 2000/527/EC of 14 August 2000 amending Decision 93/731/EC on public access to Council documents and Council Decision 2000/23/EC on the improvement of information on the Council’s legislative activities and the public register of Council’s documents [2000] OJ L212/9. 82 Council Decision
2002/187/JHA of 28 February 2002 setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime [2002] OJ L63/1, as amended by Council Decision 2003/659/JHA [2003] OJ L245/44 and by Council Decision 2009/426/JHA [2009] OJ L138/14. 52-53 Council Decision of 10 May 1999 concerning the arrangements for enhanced cooperation between the European Union and the Western European Union [1999] OJL153/1.63-64 Council Decision 2009/968/JHA of 30 November 2009 adopting the rules on the confidentiality of Europol information [2009] OJ L332/17. 124-25 Commission Decisions Commission Decision C (94) 3282 of 30 November 1994 on the security measures applicable to classified information produced or transmitted in connection with activities of the European Union. 49-50 Commission Decision of 7 July 1986 on classified documents and security measures applicable to them, SEC(86)1132 final. 52-53
Table ofLegislation and Other Documents Commission Decision (EU, Euratom) 2015/444 of 13 March 2015 on the security rules for protecting EU classified information [2015] OJ L72/53 . 52-53 European Parliament Decisions Decision of the Bureau of the European Parliament of 6 June 2011 concerning the rules governing the treatment of confidential information by the European Parliament [2011] OJ C190/2. 54 Decision of the European Parliament of 23 October 2002 implementing the inter-institutional agreement with the Council. 54-55 Decision of the European Parliament of 9 March 1994 on the regulations and general conditions governing the performance of the Ombudsman’s duties [1994] OJ LÍ 13/15, as amended by decision of 14 March 2002, OJ L92/13 and decision of 18 June 2008, OJL189/25. 136 Decision of the Bureau of the European Parliament of 15 April 2013 concerning the rules governing the treatment of confidential information by the European Parliament [2013] OJ C96/1 . 61-62, 76 European Ombudsman Decisions Decision of the European Ombudsman closing the inquiry xxi into complaint 1148/2013/TN against the European Police Office (Europol).3-5 Decision of the European Ombudsman closing her inquiry into complaint 1633/2008/DK against the European Commission.126-27 Decision of the European Ombudsman closing her inquiry into complaint 488/2007/PB against the European Commission.127-28 Decision
of the European Ombudsman closing his inquiry into complaint 523/2009/TS against the Council of the European Union.127-28 Decision of the European Ombudsman closing his inquiry into complaint 944/2008/OV against the Council of the European Union.127-29 Decision of the European Ombudsman closing the inquiry into complaint 2275/2013/ANA against the European Commission.127-28 Decision of the European Ombudsman closing the inquiry into complaint 2266/2013/JN against the European Commission.127-28 Decision of the European Ombudsman closing her inquiry into complaint 1454/2012/ANA against the European Commission.127-28 Decision of the European Ombudsman in her inquiry into complaint 2393/2011/RA against the European Parliament. 127-28
xxii Table ofLegislation and Other Documents Decision of the European Ombudsman closing her inquiry into complaint 339/2011/AN against the European Commission.127-28 Decision of the European Ombudsman closing her inquiry into complaint 90/ 2009/(JD)OV against the Council of the European Union.128-29 Decision of the European Ombudsman adopting implementing provisions of 8 July 2002 as amended by decisions of the Ombudsman of 5 April 2004 and 3 December 2008 . 105-6 High Representative Decisions Decision of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of 19 April 2013 on the security rules for the European External Action Service [2013] OJ 090/1 he Ombudsman of 5 April 2004 and 3 December 2008. 52 Decision of the SecretaryGeneral of the Council/ High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy of 27 July 2000 on measures for the protection of classified information applicable to the General Secretariat of the Council [2000] OJ C239/1 . « European Council Conclusions Helsinki European Council, 10 and 11 December 1999, Presidency Conclusions, Annex III.16-17,46-47 European Council, ‘Conclusions of the European Council 24-25 October 2013’ Brussels, 25 October 2013. 16-17 Rules of Procedure Rules of Procedure of the General Court [2015] OJL105/1 . 54, 105-6, 118-19,147 Rules of Procedure of the Court ofJustice of 25 September 2012 [2012] OJ L265/1, as amended on 18 June 2013 [2013] OJ
L173/65. 118-19 European Commission, Rules of Procedure [2000] OJ L308/26, as amended by Commission Decision 2011/737/EU, Euratom of 9 November 2011 [2011] OJL 296/58 . 52 Resolutions European Parliament, Resolution of 12 January 1999 on Openness within the European Union, A4-0476/98, OJ С104/ 20 of 14/04/1999. 49-50 European Parliament Resolution of 17 December 2009 on improvements needed to the legal framework for access to documents following the entry
Table ofLegislation and Other Documents into force of the Lisbon Treaty, Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. 51 European Parliament Resolution of 11 March 2014 on public access to documents (Rule 104(7)) for the years 2011-2013 (2013/2155(INI)).52 European Parliament in its Resolution of 14 September 2011 on public access to documents (Rule 104(7)) for the years 2009-2010 (2010/2294(INI)).52 Reports Council Annual Report on Access to Documents 2013 (May 2014) . 82 European Parliament Research Service, Report, ‘The ECHELON Affair: The EP and the Global Interception System 1998-2002’ Study, November 2014. 26 European Parliament Report on the adaptation of the Rules of Procedure to the Regulation (EC) No. 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding public access to documents (2001/2135(REG)), 15 October 2001. 54 Other EU Documents Document 10873/11 Guidelines on marking EU classified information. 52,76-77 Document 14125/02 Procedure for releasing EU classified information originating in the Council to third states and international organisations. 52 xxiii Document 14845/11 Guidelines on downgrading and declassifying Council Documents.52 Document 13140/11 High classified information exchange requirements for the European Council and the Council . 52-53 Document 10872/11 Policy on creating EU classified information.59-60 Document NATO C-M(55) 15 Final.65-66 Document
11255/03 Policy orientation for negotiating security arrangements with third parties for the protection of EU Classified Information.69-70 Document 14594/08 State of play of work on the review of the security rules governing EU classified information. .47-48, 59-60 Document 12433/13 ADD 1 Draft Council Decision on the security rules for protecting EU classified information- Declarations for the Council minutes. 59-60 Document 36/11 Guidelines on downgrading and declassifying Council documents, 3 September 2011.59-60 Document 14024/14 Opinion of the Council Security Committee on the draft Security Rules of the General Court.59-60 Document 5007/15, General Secretariat of the Council, ‘Rules of Procedure of the General Court of the European Union: Approval by the Council’.56-57
xxiv Table ofLegislation and Other Documents General Secretariat of the Council, Council Guide, Part III, ‘Delegates’ Handbook’ (2000). 62՜63 General Secretariat of the Council, ‘Note for the Permanent Representatives Committee on the Council Security Plan’, 30 June 2000, Doc. SN 3328/1/00 REV 1. 62-63 General Secretariat of the Council, ‘Exchange of EU classified information (EUCI) with third States and international organizations’, 7 July 2011, Doc. 12619/11. 22-23 Council Document 14475/1/10 REV 1. 59 Council Document ST 13086 2003INIT.59-60 Council Document ST 11395 2012 INIT.59-60 Council Document ST 12737 2010 INIT. 59-60 Council Document ST 9518 2009 ADD 1. 59-60 Council Document ST 6770 2000 INIT. 59-60 Council Document ST 7756 2013 INIT.59-60 Council Document ST 11036 2011 INIT.59-60 Council Document ST 13885 2009 INIT.59-60 Council Document ST 13096 2007 INIT.59-60 Council Document ST 6230 2013 INIT.59-60 Council Document ST 15104 2010 INIT.59-60 Council Document ST 13646 2009 INIT.59-60 Council Document ST 7592 2003 INIT.59-60 Commission in the UK Departmental
Committee on Section 2 of the Official Secrets Act 1911, (Cmnd. 5104) (1972) . 38 Commission, ‘Proposal for a Council Regulation (EEC) on the security measures applicable to classified information produced or transmitted in connection with EEC or Euratom activities’ COM(92) 56 final .49-50 Commission, Taking Europe to the World: 50 Years ofthe European Commission's External Service (European Communities 2004). 22-23 Commission, ‘Better regulation for better results - and EU agenda’, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM(2015) 215 final.25-26 Council letter to NGO Statewatch, as a response to a request for access to the document setting out the options for changing the 1993 Decision put before the COREPER meeting of 26 July 2000,14 August 2000. 63 Draft Arrangement between the European Parliament, the Council and the External Action Service concerning access by the European
Table of Legislation and Other Documents xxv Parliament to classified information in the area of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, Council Doc. 15343/12. 47-48 Draft Recommendations of the European Ombudsman in the inquiry into complaint 1398/ 2013/ANA against the European Commission. 126-27,127-29 European Parliament Legal Service, Legal Opinion regarding the European Ombudsman’s access to documents concerning Europol’s activities under the TFTP Agreement, 2 February 2015, Document: SJ-1058/14, D(2015)1986. 111-12 General Secretariat of the Council, ‘Draft Interinstitutional Agreement concerning access by the European Parliament to classified information of the Council [and of the Commission] in the field of Freedom, Security and Justice - List of documents sent to the European Parliament in the field of Freedom, Security and Justice during the following period: 1/07/2004-30/06/2005’, 20 March 2006, Council Doc. 7542/06.107-8 Letter from the Ombudsman to the European Parliament LIBE Committee in relation to case 1148/2013/TN, 27 February 2015.3-5, 113 Presentation by the European Ombudsman Emily O’Reilly, Decision of the European Ombudsman closing the inquiry into complaint 1148/2013/TN as regards Europol.3-5,113 Security Committee, State of play of work on the review of the security rules governing EU classified information, 23 October 2008, Doc. 14594/08 . 47-48, 59-60 |
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| author | Abazi, Vigjilenca 1988- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)118674183X |
| author_facet | Abazi, Vigjilenca 1988- |
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| author_sort | Abazi, Vigjilenca 1988- |
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| bvnumber | BV045681164 |
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| discipline | Politologie |
| edition | First edition |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV045681164 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-11T17:02:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780198819219 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031064630 |
| oclc_num | 1102422933 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-188 |
| physical | xxv, 186 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Oxford studies in European law |
| spelling | Abazi, Vigjilenca 1988- Verfasser (DE-588)118674183X aut Official secrets and oversight in the European Union law and practices of classified information Vigjilenca Abazi First edition Oxford, United Kingdom Oxford University Press 2019 xxv, 186 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford studies in European law Dissertation University of Amsterdam 2015 Überarbeitete Fassung Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Geheimhaltung (DE-588)4140232-7 gnd rswk-swf Kontrolle (DE-588)4032312-2 gnd rswk-swf Official secrets / European Union countries Security classification (Government documents) / European Union countries Legislative oversight / European Union countries (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Geheimhaltung (DE-588)4140232-7 s Kontrolle (DE-588)4032312-2 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031064630&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Abazi, Vigjilenca 1988- Official secrets and oversight in the European Union law and practices of classified information Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Geheimhaltung (DE-588)4140232-7 gnd Kontrolle (DE-588)4032312-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4140232-7 (DE-588)4032312-2 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Official secrets and oversight in the European Union law and practices of classified information |
| title_auth | Official secrets and oversight in the European Union law and practices of classified information |
| title_exact_search | Official secrets and oversight in the European Union law and practices of classified information |
| title_full | Official secrets and oversight in the European Union law and practices of classified information Vigjilenca Abazi |
| title_fullStr | Official secrets and oversight in the European Union law and practices of classified information Vigjilenca Abazi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Official secrets and oversight in the European Union law and practices of classified information Vigjilenca Abazi |
| title_short | Official secrets and oversight in the European Union |
| title_sort | official secrets and oversight in the european union law and practices of classified information |
| title_sub | law and practices of classified information |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Geheimhaltung (DE-588)4140232-7 gnd Kontrolle (DE-588)4032312-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Geheimhaltung Kontrolle Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031064630&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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