Plant ecology:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin
Springer
[2019]
|
| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030298927&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | xxi, 926 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 25.4 cm x 17.8 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783662562314 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 084 | |a BIO 420f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Schulze, Ernst-Detlef |d 1941- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)121093646 |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Pflanzenökologie |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Plant ecology |c Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen |
| 250 | |a Second edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b Springer |c [2019] | |
| 300 | |a xxi, 926 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |c 25.4 cm x 17.8 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pflanzenökologie |0 (DE-588)4045575-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a PST | ||
| 653 | |a PST | ||
| 653 | |a Molecular ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Whole plant ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Ecosystem ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Community ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Global ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Biodiversity | ||
| 653 | |a Physiological ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Biophysical ecology | ||
| 653 | |a Biological diversity | ||
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |a Lehrbuch |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Pflanzenökologie |0 (DE-588)4045575-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Beck, Erwin |d 1937- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)133965228 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Buchmann, Nina |d 1965- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1089335504 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Clemens, Stephan |d 1963- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)128847832 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Müller-Hohenstein, Klaus |d 1936- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)133991776 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael |d 1968- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1111807833 |4 aut | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Springer-Verlag GmbH |0 (DE-588)1065168780 |4 pbl | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-3-662-56233-8 |
| 780 | 0 | 0 | |i Vorangegangen ist |z 978-3-540-20833-4 |
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030298927 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-TUM_call_number | 1002 BIO 420f 2005 B 211(2) |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-TUM_katkey | 2375167 |
| DE-BY-TUM_location | 10 |
| DE-BY-TUM_media_number | 040008523777 |
| _version_ | 1821934227357171714 |
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
.
1
REFERENCES
.
5
PART
I
MOLECULAR
STRESS
PHYSIOLOGY
2
GENERAL
THEMES
OF
MOLECULAR
STRESS
PHYSIOLOGY
.
9
2.1
DEFINITIONS
AND
CONCEPTS
.
10
2.1.1
STRESS
.
10
2.1.2
QUANTIFICATION
OF
STRESS
.
14
2.1.3
ESCAPE-RESISTANCE-AVOIDANCE-TOLERANCE
.
19
2.1.4
STRESS
RESPONSES-ACCLIMATION-ADAPTATION
.
20
2.1.5
FILTERS
DETERMINING
SPECIES
DISTRIBUTION
.
22
2.2
ACTIVATION
OF
STRESS
TOLERANCE
AND
AVOIDANCE
MECHANISMS
.
22
2.2.1
STRESS
SENSING
AND
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
.
25
2.2.2
TRANSCRIPTIONAL
CONTROL
.
27
2.2.3
OXIDATIVE
STRESS
.
28
2.2.4
LONG-DISTANCE
STRESS
SIGNALLING
.
31
2.2.5
THE
MODEL
SYSTEM
ARABIDOPSIS
THALIANA
.
33
2.3
STRESS
AND
GROWTH
REGULATION
.
35
2.4
MOLECULAR
BASIS
OF
ESCAPE
AND
ANTICIPATION
OF
STRESS
.
37
2.4.1
CIRCADIAN
RHYTHMS
.
38
2.4.2
ANTICIPATION
OF
SEASONAL
CHANGES
IN
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
.
40
2.4.3
DEVELOPMENTAL
SWITCHES
TRIGGERED
BY
FAVOURABLE
CONDITIONS
.
47
2.4.4
TRANS-GENERATIONAL
STRESS
MEMORY
.
49
SUMMARY
.
50
REFERENCES
.
53
3
LIGHT
.
57
3.1
THE
DUAL
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
LIGHT
.
58
3.2
VISIBLE
LIGHT
.
59
3.2.1
AVOIDANCE
OF
LIGHT
STRESS
AND
PERMANENT
OR
DYNAMIC
ACCLIMATION
.
59
3.2.2
OVEREXCITATION
AND
DAMAGE
TO
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
MEMBRANES
.
65
V
VI
CONTENTS
3.2.3
FLEXIBLE
ACCLIMATION
TO
CHANGES
IN
LIGHT
INTENSITY
.
66
3.2.4
CONTINUOUS
LIGHT
.
74
3.2.5
LIGHT
TRIGGERS
PLANT
ADAPTATION
AND
ACCLIMATION
TO
THE
ENVIRONMENT
.
74
3.3
UV-B
RADIATION
.
78
3.3.1
RANGES
OF
ULTRAVIOLET
RADIATION
AND
BIOLOGICAL
ACTIVITY
.
78
3.3.2
ULTRAVIOLET-B
DAMAGE
AND
REPAIR
MECHANISMS
.
80
3.3.3
AVOIDANCE
OF
ULTRAVIOLET-B-INDUCED
STRESS
.
81
3.3.4
ULTRAVIOLET-B
PERCEPTION
AND
SIGNALLING
.
83
3.3.5
CROSSTALK
BETWEEN
ULTRAVIOLET-B
AND
VISIBLE
LIGHT
RESPONSES
.
85
SUMMARY
.
86
REFERENCES
.
88
4
TEMPERATURE
.
91
4.1
THE
TEMPERATURE
CHALLENGE
.
92
4.1.1
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
LIFE
.
92
4.1.2
PLANTS
AS
POIKILOTHERMIC
ORGANISMS
.
92
4.1.3
VARIATIONS
IN
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
.
97
4.1.4
STRATEGIES
TO
COPE
WITH
TEMPERATURE
FLUCTUATIONS
AND
TEMPERATURE
EXTREMES
.
105
4.2
COLD
ACCLIMATION
AND
FREEZING
TOLERANCE
.
105
4.2.1
ADJUSTMENT
OF
MEMBRANE
FLUIDITY
.
106
4.2.2
PREVENTION
OF
PHOTOINHIBITION
.
109
4.2.3
CRYOPROTECTIVE
PROTEINS
.
109
4.2.4
CONTROL
OF
ICE
FORMATION
.
110
4.2.5
SIGNALLING
NETWORKS
INVOLVED
IN
COLD
ACCLIMATION
.
117
4.2.6
FREEZING
AVOIDANCE
AND
FREEZING
TOLERANCE
IN
TROPICAL
HIGH
MOUNTAIN
PLANTS
.
120
4.3
HEAT
STRESS
.
122
4.3.1
HEAT
STRESS
AVOIDANCE
.
124
4.3.2
ACQUIRED
THERMOTOLERANCE
.
124
4.3.3
THE
HEAT
SHOCK
RESPONSE
.
126
4.4
TEMPERATURE
SENSING
.
131
4.4.1
SENSING
OF
EXTREME
TEMPERATURES
.
133
4.4.2
SENSING
OF
AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE
CHANGES
.
134
SUMMARY
.
135
REFERENCES
.
139
5
OXYGEN
DEFICIENCY
.
143
5.1
CONDITIONS
OF
FLOODED
SOIL
.
144
5.2
HYPOXIA-INDUCED
DAMAGE:
ENERGY
METABOLISM
OF
PLANTS
UNDER
OXYGEN
DEFICIENCY
.
146
5.3
NATURAL
VARIATION
IN
THE
ABILITY
TO
ENDURE
INUNDATION
BY
WATER
.
147
5.4
ADAPTATIONS
TO
FLOODING-PRONE
HABITATS
.
149
5.4.1
ANATOMICAL-MORPHOLOGICAL
ADAPTATIONS
AND
MODIFICATIONS
.
149
CONTENTS
VII
5.4.2
BIOCHEMICAL
MODIFICATIONS
.
152
5.5
SENSING
OF
FLOODING
AND
ENSUING
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
.
155
5.5.1
ETHYLENE
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
.
155
5.5.2
OXYGEN
SENSING
.
157
5.6
REGULATION
OF
AVOIDANCE
AND
TOLERANCE
STRATEGIES
.
157
SUMMARY
.
162
REFERENCES
.
163
6
WATER
DEFICIENCY
(DROUGHT)
.
165
6.1
THE
PROPERTIES
OF
WATER
.
166
6.2
WATER
ACQUISITION
AND
MOVEMENT:
CELLULAR
ASPECTS
.
168
6.2.1
THE
WATER
POTENTIAL
.
169
6.2.2
FACILITATION
OF
INTERCELLULAR
AND
INTRACELLULAR
WATER
FLOW:
AQUAPORINS
.
170
6.3
DROUGHT
STRESS
RESPONSES:
AVOIDANCE
AND
TOLERANCE
.
172
6.3.1
CONTROL
OF
THE
OSMOTIC
POTENTIAL
.
175
6.3.2
PROTECTIVE
PROTEINS
.
177
6.3.3
REGULATION
OF
THE
STOMATAI
APERTURE
.
180
6.4
ACCLIMATION
OF
GROWTH
.
183
6.4.1
INHIBITION
OF
SHOOT
GROWTH
.
184
6.4.2
STIMULATION
OF
ROOT
GROWTH
.
186
6.5
SENSING
OF
WATER
STATUS
AND
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
.
186
6.5.1
SENSING
OF
WATER
STATUS
.
187
6.5.2
ABA
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
.
188
6.5.3
ABA-INDEPENDENT
SIGNALLING
.
190
6.6
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
VARIANTS
WITH
IMPROVED
WATER
USE
EFFICIENCY
.
190
6.6.1
C
4
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
.
190
6.6.2
EVOLUTION
OF
C
4
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
.
192
6.6.3
CRASSULACEAN
ACID
METABOLISM
.
194
6.6.4
EVOLUTION
OF
CRASSULACEAN
ACID
METABOLISM
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
.
198
SUMMARY
.
198
REFERENCES
.
201
7
ADVERSE
SOIL
MINERAL
AVAILABILITY
.
203
7.1
MINERAL
NUTRIENTS
.
204
7.2
THE
MINERAL
NUTRITION
CHALLENGE
.
206
7.2.1
ELEMENTS
IN
THE
SOIL
.
207
7.2.2
ELEMENT
TOXICITY
.
208
7.3
NUTRIENT
ACQUISITION
AND
RESPONSES
TO
NUTRIENT
SCARCITY
.
209
7.3.1
MODULATION
OF
NUTRIENT
AVAILABILITY
.
209
7.3.2
CELLULAR
ION
TRANSPORT
MECHANISMS
.
212
7.3.3
MODULATION
OF
NUTRIENT
UPTAKE
IN
RESPONSE
TO
DEFICIENCY
.218
7.3.4
INTRACELLULAR
TRANSPORT
AND
CELLULAR
ASPECTS
OF
LONG-DISTANCE
TRANSPORT
.
220
7.3.5
PLASTICITY
OF
ROOT
ARCHITECTURE
AND
RESPONSES
TO
NUTRIENT
DEFICIENCY
.
222
7.3.6
SENSING
OF
NUTRIENT
AVAILABILITY
AND
NUTRIENT
STATUS
.
224
VIII
CONTENTS
7.4
NUTRIENT
ACQUISITION
SYMBIOSES
.
224
7.4.1
MYCORRHIZAE
.
225
7.4.2
NITROGEN
FIXATION
.227
7.4.3
THE
COMMON
SYM
PATHWAY
.
229
7.5
RESPONSES
TO
ELEMENT
TOXICITY
AND
TOLERANCE
MECHANISMS
.
230
7.5.1
ESSENTIAL
METAL
TOXICITY
AND
TOLERANCE
.
231
7.5.2
METAL
HYPERACCUMULATORS
AS
MODELS
FOR
ADAPTATION
TO
EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS
.
233
7.5.3
SODIUM
TOXICITY
.
237
7.5.4
ALUMINIUM
TOXICITY
AND
TOLERANCE
.
246
7.5.5
NON-ESSENTIAL
TOXIC
METALS
.249
SUMMARY
.
250
REFERENCES
.
254
8
BIOTIC
STRESS
.
257
8.1
PLANT
DISEASE
CAUSED
BY
PATHOGENS
.
258
8.1.1
TYPES
OF
PATHOGENS:
VIRUSES,
BACTERIA,
FUNGI,
OOMYCETES
AND
NEMATODES
.
259
8.1.2
PATHOGENICITY
MECHANISMS
.
260
8.2
PLANT
DEFENCES
AGAINST
MICROBIAL
PATHOGENS
AND
VIRUSES
.
263
8.2.1
PREFORMED
DEFENCES
AGAINST
BACTERIA,
FUNGI
AND
OOMYCETES
.
264
8.2.2
INDUCIBLE
LOCAL
DEFENCES
.
266
8.2.3
INDUCIBLE
SYSTEMIC
RESISTANCE
.
272
8.2.4
DEFENCE
AGAINST
VIRUSES
VIA
GENE
SILENCING
.
274
8.3
HERBIVORY
.
276
8.3.1
CONSTITUTIVE
DEFENCES
. 277
8.3.2
INDUCIBLE
DEFENCES
AGAINST
HERBIVORES
.
282
8.3.3
HOW
PLANT-HERBIVORE
INTERACTIONS
DRIVE
GENETIC
DIVERSITY
.
287
8.4
PARASITIC
PLANTS
.
290
8.5
ALLELOPATHY
.
293
SUMMARY
.
294
REFERENCES
.297
PART
II
PHYSIOLOGICAL
AND
BIOPHYSICAL
PLANT
ECOLOGY
9
THERMAL
BALANCE
OF
PLANTS
AND
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
.
303
9.1
ENERGY
BALANCE
OF
THE
ATMOSPHERIC
BOUNDARY
LAYER
. 304
9.2
MICROCLIMATE
NEAR
THE
GROUND
SURFACE
.
312
9.2.1
DAILY
CHANGES
IN
TEMPERATURE
NEAR
THE
GROUND
.312
9.2.2
MODIFICATION
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION
AND
TEMPERATURE
BY
ABIOTIC
FACTORS
.
313
CONTENTS
IX
9.2.3
MODIFICATION
OF
THE
RADIATION
BUDGET
AND
TEMPERATURE
BY
BIOTIC
FACTORS
.314
9.3
ENERGY
BALANCE
OF
LEAVES
. 319
9.4
ACCLIMATION
AND
ADAPTATION
TO
TEMPERATURE
EXTREMES
.
321
9.4.1
ACCLIMATION
AND
ADAPTATION
TO
HIGH
TEMPERATURES
.
322
9.4.2
ACCLIMATION
AND
ADAPTATION
TO
LOW
TEMPERATURES
.
.
325
SUMMARY
.
326
REFERENCES
.
327
10
WATER
RELATIONS
.329
10.1
WATER
AS
AN
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTOR
.
330
10.1.1
WATER
USE
BY
PLANTS
AND
ANIMALS
.
330
10.1.2
AVAILABILITY
OF
WATER
ON
EARTH
.
332
10.1.3
DRIVERS
OF
WATER
FLOW
BETWEEN
THE
SOIL
AND
THE
ATMOSPHERE
. 335
10.2
WATER
TRANSPORT
FROM
THE
SOIL
TO
THE
PLANT
. 339
10.2.1
WATER
UPTAKE
. 339
10.2.2
XYLEM
WATER
TRANSPORT
. 347
10.2.3
PHLOEM
WATER
TRANSPORT
.
353
10.3
TRANSPIRATION
.
356
10.3.1
STOMATAI
RESPONSES
TO
PLANT-INTERNAL
FACTORS
. 359
10.3.2
STOMATAI
RESPONSES
TO
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
.
360
SUMMARY
.
362
REFERENCES
.
363
11
NUTRIENT
RELATIONS
.
367
11.1
AVAILABILITY
OF
SOIL
NUTRIENTS
AND
ION
USE
.
368
11.1.1
PLANT
NUTRIENTS
.
368
11.1.2
AVAILABILITY
OF
NUTRIENTS
IN
SOIL
.
368
11.1.3
GENERAL
ASPECTS
OF
PLANT
NUTRITION
.
371
11.1.4
NUTRIENT
DEFICIENCY
AND
EXCESS
. 377
11.2
NITROGEN
NUTRITION
.379
11.2.1
NITROGEN
IN
PLANT
METABOLISM
. 379
11.2.2
NITROGEN
UPTAKE
AND
NUTRITION
. 379
11.2.3
NITROGEN
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
GROWTH
.
383
11.2.4
NITROGEN
STORAGE
.
385
11.2.5
INSECTIVOROUS
PLANTS
.386
11.2.6
NITROGEN
DEFICIENCY
AND
EXCESS
.
387
11.3
SULPHUR
NUTRITION
.
387
11.3.1
SULPHUR
IN
PLANT
METABOLISM
.387
11.3.2
SULPHUR
UPTAKE
AND
PLANT
REQUIREMENTS
.389
11.3.3
INDICATORS
OF
SULPHUR
DEFICIENCY
AND
EXCESS
.
389
11.4
PHOSPHATE
NUTRITION
.
390
11.4.1
PHOSPHORUS
IN
PLANT
METABOLISM
.
390
11.4.2
PHOSPHATE
UPTAKE
AND
PLANT
REQUIREMENTS
.
390
11.4.3
INDICATORS
OF
PHOSPHORUS
DEFICIENCY
AND
EXCESS
.
.
391
X
CONTENTS
11.5
ALKALINE
CATION
NUTRITION
.
391
11.5.1
MAGNESIUM
.
391
11.5.2
CALCIUM
.
393
11.5.3
POTASSIUM
.
394
SUMMARY
.
396
REFERENCES
.
397
12
CARBON
RELATIONS
.
401
12.1
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
CO
2
UPTAKE:
PHYSIOLOGICAL
AND
PHYSICAL
BASIS
.
402
12.1.1
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
AS
A
DIFFUSION
PROCESS
.
402
12.1.2
EVOLUTION
OF
C
3
,
C
4
AND
CRASSULACEAN
ACID
METABOLISM
PLANT
SPECIES
.
405
12.2
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
MODELS
AND
CALCULATION
OF
13
C/
L2
C
FLUXES
(CONTRIBUTION
BY
A.
ARNETH)
.
409
12.2.1
RUBISCO-LIMITED
OR
RUBP-SATURATED
RATE
(A
V
)
.
.
409
12.2.2
RUBP
REGENERATION-DEPENDENT
AND
ELECTRON
TRANSPORT-LIMITING
RATE
(AJ).
410
12.2.3
SUPPLY
OF
CO
2
THROUGH
STOMATA
.
410
12.2.4
13
C/
12
C
DISCRIMINATION
.
411
12.3
SPECIFIC
LEAF
AREA,
NITROGEN
CONCENTRATIONS
AND
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
CAPACITY
.
412
12.3.1
SPECIFIC
LEAF
AREA
.
412
12.3.2
MAXIMUM
RATES
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
414
12.4
RESPONSE
OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TO
ENVIRONMENTAL
VARIABLES
.
414
12.4.1
LIGHT
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
414
12.4.2
TEMPERATURE
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
416
12.4.3
RELATIVE
AIR
HUMIDITY
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
419
12.4.4
NUTRIENT
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
419
12.4.5
WATER
STRESS
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
419
12.4.6
CO
2
RESPONSE
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
420
12.4.7
DEVELOPMENTAL
RESPONSES
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
.
421
12.4.8
DAILY
COURSES
OF
CO
2
ASSIMILATION
AND
WATER
USE
.
421
12.4.9
DISTRIBUTION
OF
C
3
,
C
4
AND
CRASSULACEAN
ACID
METABOLISM
SPECIES
IN
THE
COURSE
OF
EARTH
HISTORY
.
426
12.5
GROWTH
AND
STORAGE
. 428
12.5.1
WHOLE-PLANT
CARBON
BALANCE
AND
BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
. 428
12.5.2
RESPIRATION
.
429
12.5.3
GROWTH
.
430
12.5.4
STORAGE
AND
FEEDBACK
.
432
12.6
CARBON
AND
NITROGEN
BALANCE
IN
DIFFERENT
PLANT
TYPES
.
434
12.6.1
ANNUAL
SPECIES
.435
12.6.2
BIENNIAL
SPECIES
.438
12.6.3
PERENNIAL
HERBACEOUS
PLANTS
.
440
12.6.4
WOODY
PLANTS
.
442
SUMMARY
.
448
REFERENCES
.
449
CONTENTS
XI
PART
III
ECOSYSTEM
ECOLOGY
13
ECOSYSTEM
CHARACTERISTICS
.
459
13.1
BOUNDARIES
AND
SIZE
OF
ECOSYSTEMS
.
461
13.2
COMPONENTS
OF
AN
ECOSYSTEM
.
462
13.3
ECOSYSTEM
COMPLEXITY
AND
INTERACTIONS
OF
PROCESSES
AND
DRIVERS
.
463
13.3.1
UNPREDICTCD
EXISTENCE
OF
NEIGHBOURS
.463
13.3.2
SCALING
UP
OF
PROCESSES
.
464
13.3.3
RESPONSE
FUNCTIONS
TO
INTERACTING
DRIVERS
.
464
13.3.4
SELF-THINNING
.
465
13.4
CONCEPTS
OF
EQUILIBRIUM,
RESISTANCE
AND
RESILIENCE,
SUSCEPTIBILITY
AND
VULNERABILITY
.
467
13.5
IMPACTS
OF
SLOW
CONTINUOUS
FORCING
AND
SUDDEN
DISTURBANCES
.
468
13.5.1
SLOW
CONTINUOUS
FORCING
.
469
13.5.2
SUDDEN
DISTURBANCES
AND
REALLOCATION
OF
POOLS
.
469
13.5.3
SUDDEN
DISTURBANCES
AND
LOSS
OF
POOLS
.
471
13.5.4
IMPACTS
ON
SPECIES
COMPOSITION
.
472
13.6
ECOSYSTEM
BUDGET
APPROACH
.
475
13.6.1
STAND
GROWTH
.
476
13.6.2
MEAN
RESIDENCE
TIMES
.
476
13.6.3
LOSS
OF
RESOURCES
.
477
SUMMARY
.
479
REFERENCES
.
479
14
APPROACHES
TO
STUDY
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
481
14.1
OBSERVATIONS
.
483
14.1.1
WHOLE-ECOSYSTEM
OBSERVATIONS
.
484
14.1.2
TRANSECTS
AND
CHRONOSEQUENCES
.
488
14.1.3
GRID-BASED
INVENTORIES
.
490
14.1.4
REMOTE
SENSING
.
491
14.1.5
"NATURAL
EXPERIMENTS
*
. 493
14.2
EXPERIMENTS
.
494
14.2.1
MANIPULATIONS
OF
POOLS
AND
PROCESSES
.
494
14.2.2
MANIPULATIONS
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
.
496
14.2.3
MANIPULATIONS
OF
BIODIVERSITY
.
500
14.2.4
MANIPULATIONS
OF
MANAGEMENT
AND
CHANGES
IN
LAND
COVER
.
502
14.2.5
ARTIFICIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
505
SUMMARY
.
507
REFERENCES
.
508
15
APPROACHES
TO
MODEL
PROCESSES
AT
THE
ECOSYSTEM
LEVEL
(CONTRIBUTION
BY
C.
SIERRA)
.
513
15.1
CLASSIFICATION
OF
ECOSYSTEM
MODELS
.
514
15.1.1
MODEL
DICHOTOMIES
.
514
15.1.2
MODEL
CLASSES
.
515
15.2
BASIC
APPROACH
TO
MODEL
DEVELOPMENT
.
515
15.3
GENERAL
ECOSYSTEM
CARBON
MODEL
. 517
XII
CONTENTS
15.3.1
CARBON
UPTAKE:
U(T)
. 517
15.3.2
CARBON
ALLOCATION:
B
.
518
15.3.3
CYCLING
RATES
IN
ECOSYSTEM
POOLS:
C
.
518
15.3.4
TRANSFERS
AND
TRANSFORMATIONS
OF
ORGANIC
MATERIAL:
A
. 518
15.3.5
ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS
ON
CYCLING
RATES:
(T)
.519
15.4
EXAMPLES
OF
ECOSYSTEM
CARBON
MODELS
. 519
15.4.1
SIMPLE
VEGETATION-SOIL
MODEL
.
519
15.4.2
EIGHT-POOL
MODEL
OF
LUO
AND
WENG
(2011)
.
520
15.5
PROPERTIES
OF
ECOSYSTEM
CARBON
MODELS
.
523
15.5.1
ROLE
OF
INPUTS
AND
CYCLING
RATES
ON
ECOSYSTEM
CARBON
STORAGE
.
523
15.5.2
RESIDENCE
AND
RESPONSE
TIMES
. 523
15.5.3
DISTURBANCE
EFFECTS
.
524
SUMMARY
.
525
REFERENCES
.
526
16
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
529
16.1
WATER
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
530
16.1.1
WATER
BUDGET
AT
ECOSYSTEM
SCALE
.
530
16.1.2
WATER
UPTAKE
OF
TREES
.
533
16.1.3
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
AT
CANOPY
AND
ECOSYSTEM
SCALES
.
535
16.1.4
IMPOSED
AND
EQUILIBRIUM
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
OF
LEAVES
AND
CANOPIES
.
540
16.1.5
RESPONSES
OF
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
TO
DROUGHT.
.
544
16.2
CARBON
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
545
16.2.1
CARBON
POOLS
AND
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
. 545
16.2.2
DECOMPOSITION
AND
STABILISATION
OF
ORGANIC
MATTER
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
550
16.2.3
NET
ECOSYSTEM
PRODUCTION
AND
NET
BIOME
PRODUCTION
. 555
16.2.4
FLUXES
OF
CH
4
AND
OTHER
BIOGENIC
VOLATILE
ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
.
560
16.3
NITROGEN
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
562
16.4
CATION
FLUXES
IN
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
567
SUMMARY
.
571
REFERENCES
.
573
PART
IV
COMMUNITY
ECOLOGY
AND
BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
17
DEVELOPMENT
OF
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
IN
TIME
.
583
17.1
INTRODUCTION
.584
17.2
DEVELOPMENT
OF
PLANTS
DURING
LIFE
HISTORY
ON
EARTH
.
584
17.2.1
HISTORY
OF
VEGETATION
TO
THE
END
OF
THE
TERTIARY
.
585
17.2.2
CHANGE
OF
CLIMATE
AND VEGETATION
IN
PLEISTOCENE
.
588
17.2.3
LATE
AND
POSTGLACIAL
CLIMATE
AND
VEGETATION
HISTORY
.
589
CONTENTS XIII
17.2.4
CHANGES
IN
VEGETATION
OWING
TO
HUMAN
INFLUENCE
.
596
17.2.5
CLASSIFICATION
OF
ANTHROPOGENIC
INFLUENCES
AND
THEIR
CONSEQUENCES
FOR
VEGETATION
.
612
17.2.6
ANTHROPOGENIC
INFLUENCES
ON
VEGETATION
IN
MEDITERRANEAN,
SAHARAN
AND
TROPICAL
ENVIRONMENTS
.
614
17.3
GENERAL
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
.
621
17.3.1
SHORT-TERM
AND
SEASONAL
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
.
.
622
17.3.2
LONG-TERM
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
.
627
17.3.3
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
AND
STRATEGY
MODELS
.
641
17.3.4
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
AND
INFLUENCE
OF
ANIMALS
.
.
647
17.3.5
FURTHER
ASPECTS
FOR
UNDERSTANDING
VEGETATION
DYNAMICS
.
648
17.4
ECOLOGICAL
STABILITY
OF
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
AND
DISTURBANCES
.
649
SUMMARY
.
650
REFERENCES
.
652
18
SPATIAL
DISTRIBUTION
OF
PLANTS
AND
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
.657
18.1
INTRODUCTION
.
658
18.2
PLANT
DISPERSAL
.658
18.2.1
TRAITS
AND
VECTORS
.659
18.2.2
EFFECTIVENESS
OF
DISPERSAL
MECHANISMS
.
662
18.2.3
PROPAGULE
BANK
AND
SEEDLING
ESTABLISHMENT
.
664
18.2.4
DISTRIBUTION
PATTERNS
.
666
18.3
VEGETATION
GEOGRAPHY
. 667
18.3.1
CHARACTERISATION
AND
INTERPRETATION
OF
AREAS
.667
18.3.2
AREA
TYPES-FLORISTIC
ELEMENTS-PLANT
KINGDOMS
.
.
672
18.4
SPECIES-AREA
RELATIONSHIPS
.
674
18.4.1
EQUILIBRIUM
THEORY
OF
ISLAND
BIOGEOGRAPHY
.
676
18.4.2
*
OCEANIC
*
AND
*
MAINLAND
*
ISLANDS
.
680
18.4.3
MORE
MODELS
OF
ISLAND
BIOGEOGRAPHY
RELATED
TO
THE
NUMBER
OF
SPECIES
AND
AREA
.
682
18.5
PROBLEMS
OF
PATTERN
AND
SCALE
.
684
SUMMARY
.
686
REFERENCES
.
686
19
INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN
PLANTS,
PLANT
COMMUNITIES
AND
THE
ABIOTIC
AND
BIOTIC
ENVIRONMENT
. 689
19.1
INTRODUCTION
.
690
19.2
INFLUENCES
OF
VEGETATION
ON
SITE
CONDITIONS
.
690
19.2.1
INFLUENCES
OF
VEGETATION
ON
CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS.
.
691
19.2.2
INFLUENCES
OF
VEGETATION
ON
WEATHERING
AND
TOPOGRAPHY
.
694
19.2.3
INFLUENCES
OF
VEGETATION
ON
SOILS
.
695
19.3
INTERACTIONS
AMONG
PLANTS
(CONTRIBUTION
BY
C.
F.
DORMANN)
.
696
19.3.1
POSITIVE
AND
NEUTRAL
PLANT-PLANT
INTERACTIONS
.
696
19.3.2
COMPETITION
AND
COEXISTENCE
.
700
19.3.3
COMPETITION
AND
ITS
CONSEQUENCES
FOR
PLANT
COMMUNITY
STRUCTURE
AND
DIVERSITY
.
709
XIV
CONTENTS
19.3.4
RELEVANCE
OF
PLANT-PLANT
INTERACTIONS
FOR
PRACTICAL
APPLICATIONS
.
711
19.4
INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN
PLANTS
AND
ANIMALS
(CONTRIBUTION
BY
H.
M.
SCHAEFER)
.
714
19.4.1
CLASSIFICATION
OF
PLANT-ANIMAL
INTERACTIONS
.
717
19.4.2
EVOLUTIONARY
HISTORY
OF
BIOLOGICAL
INTERACTIONS
.
718
19.4.3
HERBIVORY
.
722
19.4.4
CARNIVORY
.
727
19.4.5
POLLINATION
.
728
19.4.6
SEED
DISPERSAL
BY
ANIMALS
. 733
19.4.7
MYCORRHIZAL
SYMBIOSIS
.735
19.4.8
INFLUENCES
OF
ABIOTIC
ENVIRONMENT
ON
PLANT-ANIMAL
INTERACTIONS
.
736
SUMMARY
.
737
REFERENCES
.738
20
BIODIVERSITY
.
743
20.1
INTRODUCTION
.
744
20.2
VARIOUS
FACETS
OF
BIODIVERSITY
. 745
20.2.1
COMPOSITIONAL
DIVERSITY
.
746
20.2.2
STRUCTURAL
DIVERSITY
.
754
20.2.3
FUNCTIONAL
DIVERSITY
.
756
20.2.4
PHYLOGENETIC
DIVERSITY
.
763
20.3
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROLS
OF
BIODIVERSITY
.
765
20.3.1
LATITUDINAL
GRADIENTS
. 767
20.3.2
ENVIRONMENTAL
HETEROGENEITY
.
769
20.3.3
PRODUCTIVITY
*
SPECIES
RICHNESS
RELATIONSHIPS
.
772
20.3.4
BIODIVERSITY,
ASSEMBLY
RULES
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
FILTERS
.
776
20.4
BIODIVERSITY
AND
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING
.
779
20.4.1
SPECIES
IDENTITY
AND
DOMINANCE
EFFECTS
ON
ECOSYSTEM
PROCESSES
.
781
20.4.2
BIODIVERSITY
EFFECTS
ON
BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
.
783
20.4.3
BIODIVERSITY
EFFECTS
ON
OTHER
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
.
792
20.4.4
BIODIVERSITY
EFFECTS
ON
OTHER
TROPHIC
LEVELS
.
794
20.4.5
BIODIVERSITY
AND
MULTIFUNCTIONALITY
.
795
20.4.6
DIFFERENT
METRICS
OF
BIODIVERSITY
AFFECTING
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING
.797
20.4.7
CONTEXT
DEPENDENCY
OF
BIODIVERSITY
EFFECTS
ON
ECOSYSTEMS
. 798
20.4.8
PLANT
BIODIVERSITY
AND
THE
STABILITY
OF
ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING
.
801
20.4.9
MECHANISMS
UNDERLYING
BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING
RELATIONSHIPS
.802
20.4.10
VALUE
OF
BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTIONING
RESEARCH
.
811
SUMMARY
.
814
REFERENCES
.
815
CONTENTS
XV
PART
V
GLOBAL
ECOLOGY
21
GLOBAL
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLES
.
827
21.1
DISTRIBUTION
OF
GLOBAL
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
828
21.2
GLOBAL
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLES
.
828
21.2.1
GLOBAL
CARBON
CYCLE
.
831
21.2.2
GLOBAL
WATER
CYCLE
.
833
21.2.3
GLOBAL
NITROGEN
CYCLE
.
836
21.2.4
GLOBAL
SULPHUR
CYCLE
.
837
21.3
ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES
.
838
SUMMARY
.
840
REFERENCES
.
840
22
DYNAMIC
GLOBAL
VEGETATION
MODELS
(CONTRIBUTION
BY
S.
ZAEHLE)
.
843
22.1
ANATOMY
OF
A
DGVM
.
844
22.2
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLING
.
846
22.2.1
PLANT
CARBON
ASSIMILATION
.
846
22.2.2
PLANT
GROWTH
.
847
22.2.3
DECAY
OF
LITTER
AND
SOIL
ORGANIC
MATTER
.
848
22.2.4
HYDROLOGICAL
CYCLE
.
848
22.2.5
NUTRIENT
CYCLES
.
848
22.3
BIOGEOGRAPHY
.
849
22.3.1
CONCEPT
OF
PLANT
FUNCTIONAL
TYPES
IN
MODELS
.
849
22.3.2
SCALING
FROM
PLANT
TO
COMMUNITY
. 850
22.3.3
DISTURBANCES
.
851
22.3.4
ANTHROPOGENIC
LAND
USE
AND
DISTURBANCE
.
852
22.4
EVALUATING
DGVMS
.
852
22.4.1
ECOSYSTEM
GAS
EXCHANGE
MEASUREMENTS
.
852
22.4.2
NPP
AND
INVENTORIES
.
854
22.4.3
REMOTELY
SENSED
VEGETATION
GREENNESS
.
854
22.4.4
ATMOSPHERIC
CO
2
MONITORING
.854
22.4.5
ECOSYSTEM
MANIPULATION
EXPERIMENTS
.
855
22.5
APPLICATIONS
OF
DGVMS
. 856
22.6
CONCLUSIONS
AND
OUTLOOK
.
857
SUMMARY
.
858
REFERENCES
.
858
23
GLOBAL
CHANGE
AND
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
.
865
23.1
GLOBAL
CHANGE
.
866
23.2
LAND
USE
AND
LAND-USE
CHANGE
.
868
23.2.1
AGRICULTURE
AND
FORESTRY
.
869
23.2.2
CONSEQUENCES
OF
LAND
USE
ON
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
POOLS
AND
FLUXES
. 870
23.3
CLIMATE
CHANGE
.
876
23.3.1
CHANGES
IN
ATMOSPHERIC
CONDITIONS
.
876
23.3.2
RESPONSES
OF
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
TO
CLIMATE
CHANGE
.
882
23.3.3
FEEDBACKS
OF
TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
TO
CLIMATE
.
.
.
885
XVI
23.4
CHANGES
IN
BIODIVERSITY
.
887
23.5
GLOBAL
AGREEMENTS
TO
ADDRESS
GLOBAL
ECOLOGICAL
CHALLENGES
.
891
23.5.1
BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
.
891
23.5.2
CLIMATE
CHANGE
.
893
SUMMARY
.
894
REFERENCES
.
895
SPECIES
INDEX
.
901
SUBJECT
INDEX
.
909
CONTENTS |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Schulze, Ernst-Detlef 1941- Beck, Erwin 1937- Buchmann, Nina 1965- Clemens, Stephan 1963- Müller-Hohenstein, Klaus 1936- Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael 1968- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)121093646 (DE-588)133965228 (DE-588)1089335504 (DE-588)128847832 (DE-588)133991776 (DE-588)1111807833 |
| author_facet | Schulze, Ernst-Detlef 1941- Beck, Erwin 1937- Buchmann, Nina 1965- Clemens, Stephan 1963- Müller-Hohenstein, Klaus 1936- Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael 1968- |
| author_role | aut aut aut aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Schulze, Ernst-Detlef 1941- |
| author_variant | e d s eds e b eb n b nb s c sc k m h kmh m s l msl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044905232 |
| classification_rvk | ZA 51100 WI 2010 |
| classification_tum | BIO 420f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1009079027 (DE-599)DNB1142124584 |
| dewey-full | 570 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 570 - Biology |
| dewey-raw | 570 |
| dewey-search | 570 |
| dewey-sort | 3570 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| edition | Second edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV044905232 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-11T14:20:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1065168780 |
| isbn | 9783662562314 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030298927 |
| oclc_num | 1009079027 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-634 DE-29T DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-20 DE-703 DE-188 DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-634 DE-29T DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-20 DE-703 DE-188 DE-384 |
| physical | xxi, 926 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 25.4 cm x 17.8 cm |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Schulze, Ernst-Detlef 1941- Beck, Erwin 1937- Buchmann, Nina 1965- Clemens, Stephan 1963- Müller-Hohenstein, Klaus 1936- Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael 1968- Plant ecology Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045575-0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Plant ecology |
| title_alt | Pflanzenökologie |
| title_auth | Plant ecology |
| title_exact_search | Plant ecology |
| title_full | Plant ecology Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen |
| title_fullStr | Plant ecology Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant ecology Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen |
| title_short | Plant ecology |
| title_sort | plant ecology |
| topic | Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pflanzenökologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030298927&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schulzeernstdetlef pflanzenokologie AT beckerwin pflanzenokologie AT buchmannnina pflanzenokologie AT clemensstephan pflanzenokologie AT mullerhohensteinklaus pflanzenokologie AT schererlorenzenmichael pflanzenokologie AT springerverlaggmbh pflanzenokologie AT schulzeernstdetlef plantecology AT beckerwin plantecology AT buchmannnina plantecology AT clemensstephan plantecology AT mullerhohensteinklaus plantecology AT schererlorenzenmichael plantecology AT springerverlaggmbh plantecology |
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Paper/Kapitel scannen lassen
Paper/Kapitel scannen lassen
Teilbibliothek Weihenstephan
| Signatur: |
1002 BIO 420f 2005 B 211(2) Lageplan |
|---|---|
| Exemplar 1 | Ausleihbar Am Standort |