History's spoiled children: the formation of the Modern Greek State
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English Greek |
| Published: |
London
Hurst & Company
2018
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| Edition: | First published |
| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030153057&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030153057&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030153057&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Physical Description: | ix, 467 Seiten Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781849048255 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a History's spoiled children |b the formation of the Modern Greek State |c Kostas Kostis ; translated by Jacob Moe |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Tables and Graphs vii
List of Maps ix
Introduction 1
1. The Empire Transforms (1700-1821) 11
2. The War of Independence (1821-32) 47
3. The Bavarians in Greece (1833-43) 77
4. King Otto and the Greeks (1844-62) 109
5. The Greeks Among Themselves (1863-80) 147
6. The Flight Forward (1881-97) 189
7. Unexpected Developments (1898-1913) 217
8. A New Greece (1914-23) 247
9. Parliament and Dictatorship (1924-40) 267
10. Wars (1941-9) 293
11. The AntLcommunist State (1950-74) 331
12. In Europe (1974-2010) 365
13. Crisis (2007-) 397
History’s Spoiled Children: In Lieu of an Epilogue 423
Notes 431
Bibliography 443
Index 447
v
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The bibliography presented below is of a purely introductory nature and aims to ena-
ble the English-speaking reader to make their first steps into modern Greek history. It
is self-evident that it corresponds to the authors personal preferences.
Anastasopoulos, A. (ed.), Provincial Elites in the Ottoman Empire, Rethymno:
University of Crete, 2005.
Anastasopoulos, A. and E. Kolovos (eds), Ottoman Rule and the Balkans, 1760-1850:
Conflict, Transformation,, Adaptation, Rethymno: University of Crete, 2007.
Anderson, M.S., The Eastern Question 1774-1923: A Study in International Relations,
London: St Martins Press, 1966.
Braude, B., ‘Community and Conflict in the Economy of the Ottoman Balkans,
1500-1650’, PhD dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 1977.
Candilis, W.O., The Economy of Greece 1944-66: Efforts of Stability and Development,
New York: Praeger, 1968.
Clogg, R., A Concise History of Greece, 3rd edn, New York: Cambridge University
Press, 2013.
-------(ed.), Greece in the 1980s, London: MacMillan 1983.
-------Parties and Elections in Greece: The Search for Legitimacy, London: Hurst,
1988.
Close, D.H., Greece since 1945: Politics, Economy and Society, New York: Longman,
2002.
-------(ed.), The Greek Civil War 1943-1950: Studies of Polarization, New York:
Routledge, 1993.
-------The Origins of the Greek Civil War, New York: Routledge, 1995.
Dakin D., The Greek Struggle in Macedonia 1897-1913, Institute of Balkan Studies,
Thessaloniki 1993.
-------The Unification of Greece, 1770-1923, London: Ernest Benn, 1972.
Eldem, E., French Trade in Istanbul in the Eighteenth Century, Leiden: Brill, 1999.
Faroqhi, S.N. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Turkey, vol. 3, The Later Ottoman
Empire, 1603-1839, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
443
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Featherstone, K. (ed.), Politics and Policy in Greece: The Challenge of Modernization,
London: Routledge 2006.
Feathers tone, K., E . Papadimitriou, A. Marmarelis and G. Niarchos, The Last
Ottomans. The Muslim Minority of Greece, 1940—1949, London: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2011.
Frangos G.F., ‘The Philike Etaireia, 1814—1821: A Social and Historical Analysis’ PhD
Dissertation, Columbia University, 19V1.
Gallant, T7W., Modern Greece, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Hatzivassiliou, E., Greece and the Cold War: Front-Line State, 1952—1967, New York:
Routledge, 2011.
Hionidou, V., Famine and Death in Occupied Greece, 1941 —1944, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Hirschon, R., Heirs of the Catastrophe: The Social Life of Asia Minor Refugees in
Piraeus, New York: Berghahn Books 1998.
Holland, R.F. and D.W. Markides, The British and the Hellenes: Struggles for Mastery
in the Eastern Mediterranean 1850—1960, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Inalcik, H. and D. Quataert (eds), An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman
Empire, 1300—1914, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Kalyvas, St., The Logic of Violence in Civil Wiir, New York: Cambridge University
Press, 2006.
------Modem Greece: What Everyone Needs to Enow, New York: Oxford University
Press, 2014.
Kalyvas, St., G. Pagouiatos and H. Xsoukas (eds), From Stagnation to Forced
Adjustment: Reforms in Greece 1974—2010, London: Hurst, 2012.
Karamouzi, Eir., Greece, the EEC and the Cold War, 1974—1979: The Second
Enlargement, Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2014.
Kitromilidis, P. (ed.), Eleftherios Venizelos: The Trials of Statesmanship, Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press, 2006.
------ Enlightenment and Revolution: The Making of Modern Greece, Cambridge
MA: Harvard University Press 2013.
Koliopoulos, I.S., Greece and the British Connection 1935—1941, Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1977.
------Brigands with a Cause: Brigandage and Irredentism in Modern Greece, 1821 —
1912, Oxford: Clarendon Press 1987.
Koliopoulos, J.S. and Th. Veremis, Modern Greece: A History since 1821, Maiden, MA:
Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Konstantaras, D J., Infamy and Revolt: The Rise of the National Problem in Early
Modern Greek Thought, New York: Columbia University Press, 2006.
Kontogiorgi, E., Population Exchange in Greek Macedonia: The Rural Settlement of
Refugees 1922—1930, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
444
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Leon(taritis), G., Greece and the Great Powers 1914-1917, Thessaloniki: Institute of
Balkan Studies, 1974.
Leontaritis, G., Greece and the First World War: From Neutrality to Intervention
1917-1918, New York: East European Monographs, 1990.
Llewellyn-Smith, M., Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-1922, Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press 1998.
Mackridge, P., Language and National Identity in Greece 1766—1976, New York:
Oxford University Press, 2009.
McGowan, B., Economic Life in Ottoman Empire. Taxation, Trade and the Struggle for
Land, 1600-1800, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
McGrew, W., Land and Revolution in Modern Greece, 1800-1881, Kent, OH: Kent
State University Press, 1985.
Mavrogordatos G. Th., Stillborn Republic: Social coalitions and Party Strategies in
Greece, 1922-1936, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
Mazower, M. (ed.), Ajier the War Was Over: Reconstructing the Family, Nation and
State on Greece, 1943-1960, Princeton: Princeton University Press 2000.
------ Greece and the Inter-war Economic Crisis, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 199L
------Inside Hitlers Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941 -1944, New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1993.
Papacosma, S.V., The Military in Greek Politics: The 1909 Coup d’Etat, Kent: Kent
State University Press, 1977.
Pelagidis, T. and M. Mitsopoulos, Understanding the Crisis in Greece, New York:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Pelt, M., Tobacco, Arms and Politics. Greece and Germany from World Crisis to World
War 1929—1941, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, University of
Copenhagen, 1998.
------ Tying Greece to the West: US-West German—Greek Relations 1949—1974,
Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen, 2006.
Pentzopoulos, D., The Balkan Exchange of Minorities and Its Impact upon Greece, Paris:
Mouton et Co., 1961.
Petrakis, M., The Metaxas Myth: Dictatorship and Propaganda in Greece, London:
I.B. Tauris, 2011.
Petropulos, J.A., Politics and Statecraft in the Kingdom of Greece, 1833-1843,
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968.
Quataert, D., The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922, New York: Cambridge University
Press, 2000
Sotiropoulos, D., Populism and Bureaucracy: The Case of Greece under PASOK, 1981-
1989, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1996.
Tziovas, D., The Nationalism of Demoticists and Its Impact on their Literary Theory
(1888—1930): An Analysis based on Their Literary Criticism and Essays, Amsterdam:
Hakkert 1986
445
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Woodhouse, C.M., The Rise and Fall of the Greek Colonels, London: Granada, 1982.
Veremis, Th., The Military in Greek Politics; From Independence to Democracy, New
York: Black Rose Books 1997.
Voglis, P., Becoming a Subject: Political Prisoners in the Greek Civil War, New York:
Berghahn Books, 2002.
446
INDEX
11 September Revolution (1922):
253-4, 269; political impact of,
267-8, 270, 288
3 September Rebellion (1843):
115—17, 269; political impact of,
117-18, 138
4 of August Regime (1936—41): 277,
289-91, 293—4; education policies
of, 354; key figures of, 298, 311, 340
About, E.: 161—2
Abyssinia: Italian Invasion of (1935-
6), 293
Aegean Sea: 29, 56, 160, 173, 243, 299
Aeschylus: Oresteia, 221
Agios Efstratios Camp: closure of, 337
Agrarian Party: members of, 320
Agricultural bank: creation of (1929),
285
Albania: 12, 26, 44, 157, 198, 268, 284,
297-8, 319; borders of, 294; Italian
Occupation of (1939-43), 290, 293
Alexander of Battenberg: 203
Alexander I of Russia, Tsar: 53; death
of (1825), 68
Algeria: War of Independence
(1954-62), 360
Alfred: 148
Ali, Mehmet: 26, 56, 112; family of, 56
Almunia, X.: 407
Anabaptism Movement: 20
Anagnostaras: death of, 52
Andreadis, Stratis: 373
Androutsos, Odysseas: imprisonment
and murder of, 66
Angelopoulos, Georgios I.: 86
Anglo-French-Turkish Treaty (1939):
signing of, 290
Anglo-Turkish Trade Treaty (1838):
167-8
Anthrakitis, Methodius: 33
Antifascist Military Organisation
(ASO): 311
Argentina: 378
von Armansperg, Josef Ludwig: 77,
80-1
armatolesi 61; concept of, 24; efforts to
curtail power of, 25
Arta-Volos line: 71—2
Association for the Dissemination of
Greek Letters: founding of (1869),
237
Astikliniki: opening of (1858), 185—6
Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal: 273; family
of, 261
Athena (deity): 63
447
INDEX
atheism: 31
Athens Polytechnic University: 359,
362
Athens Polytechnic Uprising (1973):
368; casualty figures of, 359
Athonias Academy: 33—4
Athos, Mount: 20—1, 41
Australia: 325
Austria: 161, 193, 203,218
Austro-Hungarian Empire: 189-90,
283; annexation of Bosnia and Her-
zegovina (1908), 230, 244
ayans: 24, 26
Averof, Evangelos: 365-6; Greek
Minister of Defence, 371; Greek
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 344
Avgu 357
Axis Occupation of Greece (1941—5),
299—304, 325—6; destruction of
Nazi National Socialist Patriotic
Organisation (1942), 304; resistance
movement efforts during, 303—9
Badoglio, Field Marshal Pietro: 290
Balkan radicalism: 36
Balkan Wars (1912-13): 4, 200, 211,
222, 227, 233, 243-4, 247, 249, 251,
272-3, 277, 299,427; belligerents
of, 254-5; political impact of, 245,
324; Second Balkan War (1913),
203; Serbian-Bulgarian Treaty
(1911), 244; territories annexed fol-
lowing, 262-3
Basarab, Constantin: 31, 38
Belgium: 175; Constitution of (1831),
151; urbanisation in, 175, 226
beratli concept of, 28
Black Sea: 30, 160, 168, 173
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 157, 160-1;
annexed by Austro-Hungarian Em-
pire (1908), 230, 244; Herzegovina
Uprising (1875-7), 160
Bretton Woods System: 351
Bulgaria: 193, 229, 242, 274, 281, 283,
294, 314; annexation of Eastern
Roumelia, 203, 206; borders of,
251, 264, 297; government of, 251;
Greek Invasion of (1925), 254; Inde-
pendence of (1908), 230; Meleniko,
229; political influence of, 12, 156,
159-60, 187; refugee population
of, 275
Cadet Military Academy: 199
Calvinism: 31
Canada: 325
Canning, George: 69; British Foreign
Secretary, 67; declaration of British
neutrality in Greek War of Indepen-
dence (1823), 68
Cappadocia: 275
Catholicism: 31—2, 96, 273
Central Committee for Wheat Con-
centration: founding of (1927), 284
Cephalonians: 30
Chalkiopoulos, P.: 161
Chams (ethnic group): 304; collabora-
tion with Italin forces, 319; role in
Greek politics, 274-5
Chania Herald: 234
Chatzeres, Patriarch Samuel: 17, 20, 34
Chatzivasileiou, Evan this: 339
Charalambis, Sotiris: 64
Chiflik (land system): 134
cholera: outbreaks of, 178—80
Christianity: 3, 16, 18—19, 23, 25-6,
34-5, 50, 58-9, 61,75, 131-2,
145, 157-8, 161, 164, 186, 242,
423; excommunication, 17; Gospel,
221; Holy Communion, 17; noble
groups, 22—3; Orthodox, 3, 11-12,
14, 16-17, 19, 21, 28, 30-7, 39-40,
43-8, 96, 206-7, 223, 341,425
448
INDEX
Chrstidis, D.: 153
Christopoulos, C.: 100
Churchill, Winston: 305, 321; meeting
with Josef Stalin (1944), 314
Ciano, Galeazzo: 293
Clarendon, Lord: 155
Coalition of the Left and Progress
(Synaspismos/): coalition adminis-
tration with New Democracy, 383
Coalition of the Radical Left (Syriza):
410, 415; coalition with ANEL,
419-21; political impact of, 417-18
Cold War: 8-9, 321, 332, 335-6, 339,
352,356,359-61,363,371,429;
Iron Curtain, 324-5
Commercial Bank: 373
Commission for the Reinforcement of
Church and Education: founding of
(1887), 237
Communist Party of Greece (KKE):
277, 288,294,306,309, 313,
320, 322,324, 374,416; banning
of, 323; electoral performance of
(1932), 287; members of, 272, 312,
316, 320-1, 332, 336; outlawing
of (1947), 337; role in formation
of EAM, 304; Seventh Congress
(1945), 320
Concert of Europe: 2, 158-9; political
impact of, 109
‘Concession of National Lands to the
Phalangists’ (1838): 135
Congress of Berlin (1878): 189-90,
203; political impact of, 193; territo-
ries granted to Greece during, 196
Constantine I of Greece: 199, 213-14,
219, 234, 278,428; accession of
(1913), 249; escape from Greece
(1917), 252; restoration of (1920),
253
Constantine II of Greece: refusal of
Ministry of Defence control for
George Papandreou (1965), 355
Convention of Constantinople (1881):
provisions of, 190
Corfiots: 30; key figures of, 33, 49
Corinth Canal: 57; construction of,
202
Corydalleus, Theophilus: 31; students
of, 31
Cosmas of Aetolia: 17, 33, 39
Council of State: 81-2, 124-5, 129,
357; abolition of, 119; founding
of (1835), 80; members of, 80; re-
establishment of (1911), 236
Court Council: 125
Cretan Revolt (1878): 200, 205
Cretan Revolt (1897-8): 213-14
Crimean War (1853-6): 2-3, 109-15,
146, 158, 230; belligerents of, 159;
political impact of, 112, 121, 187
Crouzet, R: 343
Cyprus: 336,404,429; coup d’etat
(1974), 359; Cyprus Dispute,
353-4, 358-9,368, 371; Constitu-
tion of, 353; Greek, 341-3, 353;
integration into EU, 385; Turkish,
343, 353, 378; Turkish Invasion of
(1974), 359, 366, 369
Cyril V, Patriarch: 20
Dafnis, G.: 119
Damaskinos, Archbishop: 317-18
Danube, River: 168, 173
Danubian Principalities: 15, 39, 53,
66—7, 70; Phanariot presence in,
15-16
Deligiorgis, Epameinondas: 121, 191,
195; foreign policy of, 159
Deliyannis (noble family): 23, 57, 61,
64
Deliyannis, Anagnostis: 65
449
INDEX
Deliyannis, loannis: execution of
(1815), 23-4
Deliyannis, N.: caretaker administra-
tion of, 213
Deliyannis, Theodoras: 156, 165, 191,
198—9, 203, 214; administration
of, 208; background of, 192; Greek
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 155;
resignation of, 203—4
Demertzis, Konstantinos: caretaker
administration of, 289
Democratic Alignment Party: electoral
performance of (1950), 332
Democratic Army; 323, 380; casualty
figures of, 324—5; creation of (1946),
322; members of, 376; presence of
Slavophone Macedonians in, 324
Democratic Socialist Party: electoral
performance of (1950), 332
Democratic Union: electoral perfor-
mance of (1923), 271; electoral per-
formance of (1956), 342; members
of, 271-2
Denmark: Constitution of (1843),
151; Copenhagen, 150
Diderot, Denis: Encyclopaedia, 43
Dikaios, G.; death of, 52
Dimaras, C.T.: 103
Dimaras, K.: 238
Diomedes, Alexandras: Greek Minister
of Finance, 255
Double Revisionary Parliament: pro-
posals for, 235
Doukas (clan): 14
Dragasakis, Yannis: 420
Dragoumis, Stefanos: 235
Dramali, Mahmud Pasha: military
forces led by, 56
Eastern Greece (region): 72; creation
of, 68
Eastern Question: 159, 187, 193, 207,
214-15, 230-1, 424; efforts to
resolve, 3
Economic Climate Index: 414
Economos, Constantines: 99
Economou, Antonios: mutiny led by,
55-6
Economou, Konstantinos: 138
Ecumenical Patriarchate: 17-19,
31, 33-7,42, 96, 138-9,159-60,
206—7; establishment of (1601), 12;
incorporation of Ohrid and Ipek
(1766—7), 16; Phanariot control
over, 20
Egypt: 27, 298; Alexandria, 17, 299,
310; Cairo, 310— 11; Suez Canal,
168, 202; Suez Crisis (1956), 344
Eldem, Edhem: 28
Elliot, Henry: Special Envoy to Athens,
148
Elpius Public Hospital of Athens:
founding of (1842), 185
energy crisis (1979): impact of, 377
Engineering Corps: senior offices of,
175
Epirus Revolt (1878): 150, 200, 205
European Central Bank (ECB): 401,
407, 410, 419; personnel of, 394,
412, 417; Securities Markets Pro-
gram (SMP), 419
European Commission: Excessive Defi-
cit Procedure, 399; personnel of, 394
European Council; Greek withdrawal
from (1969), 357-8
European Economic Community
(EEC): 344, 360, 378, 429; Council
of Ministers, 370; Greek accession
to (1975), 370-1; members of, 350,
362, 370
European Enlightenment: 35, 146
European Free Trade Association
(EFTA): 350
450
INDEX
European Monetary Union (EMU):
383; member states of, 385
European Union (EU): 382, 393,
395,400,403,410,420,422,429;
Finance Ministers (ECOFIN), 401;
Maastricht Treaty (1982), 382-3;
member states of, 385; Parliament,
418; poverty rates in, 392; Stability
and Growth Programme (2010),
401; Summit (2010), 401
Eurostat: 407
Eurozone: 401-2, 407; European
Financial Stability Facility (EFSF),
407, 411,413—14; member states
of, 384, 390, 393-4,403; potential
Greek exit from, 404-5,420-1
Eurozone Crisis (2009—): second phase
of, 415—16; third phase of, 416
Evaggelismos Hospital: 186
Eydoux, General Joseph-Paul: 243
Eynard, Jean-Gab riel: 71
Farmakidis, T.: role in development of
Greek church, 96
Faroqhi, Suraiya: 25; observations of
development in Muslim education,
39-40
fascism: 251, 265
Feraios, Rigas: 36
Filippidis, Daniel: 32
Finlay, George: 86-7, 130, 161
First Memorandum: 407, 411-12;
implementation of, 409-10; nego-
tiations for, 406; political impact of,
412-13; provisions of, 408
First World War (1914-18): 116,
247-8, 251, 255-6,258-60, 264-5,
270, 278, 291, 299,427-8; belliger-
ents of, 256, 260; Treaty of Lausanne
(1923), 267, 341
Flamiatos, Kosmas: 140
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedo-
nia (FYROM): 381
Fragkiadis, A.: 173
France: 27, 57, 71, 82, 155, 158, 161,
180, 187, 197,210, 229, 256-7,
280, 356, 370,402; Cannes, 412;
Constitution of (1793), 63; Consti-
tution of (1795), 63; Dreyfus Affair
(1894-1906), 240; government of,
387; July Revolution (1830), 73;
Maginot Line, 297; Marseille, 27;
Paris, 37,42, 62, 112, 154, 191, 252,
366, 387; Revolution (1789-99),
30,35-6,42-3, 109,150; Third
Republic (1870—1940), 155; trade
activity in Levant, 27-9; urbanisa-
tion in, 175, 226; wine industry of,
171
Franco-Prussian War (1870-1): 159
Frangos, George: 52
Freethinkers’ Party: 282
French Enlightenment: influence of, 43
French Mission of Public Works: estab-
lishment of (1883), 202; limitation
of powers (1892), 202
Gargalidis, Georgios: 270
Gavroglou, K.: 35
Geithner, Timothy: US Secretary of
Treasury, 403
General Confederation of Greek
Workers (GSEE): 339; dissolving
of (1923), 267; founding of (1918),
259; socialist faction of, 259
General Headquarters of the Guerril-
las: establishment of (1946), 322
George: family of, 218; High Commis-
sioner of Crete, 234
George I of Greece: 2, 120, 151, 156,
203, 209, 219, 235; accession of
(1863), 150, 159; assassination of
(1913), 249; family of, 154,218-19
451
INDEX
George II of Greece: 254, 290, 298—9,
310, 318; annulment of 1936 decree
(1942), 310-11; proposed return
of, 315; support for Metaxas regime,
289
Germany: 77, 187, 193, 229, 383,
401—2; Berlin, 160; Dachau, 320;
efforts to reorganise Ottoman mili-
tary, 198; government bonds, 398;
urbanisation in, 175, 226
Giannoulis of Aetolia, Evgenios: role in
development of School of Agrapha,
31
Girondins (political faction): 150
Gizikis, General Phaedon: administra-
tion of, 368
Glarakis, G.: Greek Minister of Ecclesi-
astical Affairs, 99
Glikis, Nikolaos: 17
Global Financial Crisis (2007—9):
392-3, 395-8, 403; US Subprime
Mortgage Crisis (2007-10), 398,
403-4
globalisation: 373, 386; impact of, 394
Golden Dawn: 410; growth of, 416—17
Gordios, Anastasios: 46
Gordon, Thomas: military forces led
by, 95
Goudas, A.: background of, 186;
estimation of population level of
Athens, 162
Goudi Coup (1909): 234-5, 270
Gounaris, Dimitris: 221
Great Depression: 286
Great Powers: 2, 46, 52, 57, 67, 69—70,
75,78, 85, 89, 109-10, 131, 134,
145, 148, 154, 159-60. 189, 203,
217-18, 244, 289; attempted influ-
ence over Greek state, 80, 82—3,
101-6, 112-13, 189-90, 203, 229;
blockading of Greek coast (1886),
200; internal disputes, 111,114;
naval forces of, 93
Greece: 1-7, 9-10, 34, 47, 53, 70,
78-9,91-2, 99-101, 111, 113,
117-18, 134, 141-2, 145, 157,
160-2, 164, 172, 189, 193-5, 203,
207-8, 215, 241-2, 245, 247-8,
263-5, 270, 272-5, 280-1, 297,
310, 328, 331-2, 369, 399-400,
406, 423—4, 430; Acrocorinth, 65;
Aegean Islands, 167—8; Aegina
(island), 179; agricultural sector of,
169—71, 225; Aitoloakarniania, 180;
Aliakmonas, 297, 299; Amaliada,
137; Ampelakia, 29; Anglo-French
Invasion of (1916), 252; Anglo-
French Occupation of (1854), 113,
121; Aracadia, 89; Argolis, 65; Ar-
gos, 73; Astros, 64, 133; Athens, 57,
72, 88, 94,105, 114, 116, 126, 131,
139-40, 143-4, 147-8, 158, 162,
166-7, 175-6, 179-80, 182, 185,
200, 203, 227, 230, 233, 251-3, 261,
267, 276, 298-300, 304, 308-9,
314, 316, 322, 344, 350-1, 368, 385,
387; Attica, 164, 166, 179, 192, 220,
313; Chalcis, 72; Chios (island),
12, 23, 40, 72; cholera epidemic
(1854), 179-80; civil service of, 375;
Corfu, 73, 192, 220, 254, 268, 274;
Corinth, 23, 140, 170; Crete, 56-7,
61,70, 72, 112, 153-4, 157, 160,
205, 208, 213, 218, 230, 259, 282,
298-9, 320; Drama, 284; economy
of, 164, 168-9, 171-4, 176, 208,
210-12, 222-4, 254-9, 276,
278-80, 287, 290, 302-3, 325-8,
340-1, 346-51, 372-3, 377, 380,
390, 393, 398-9, 403-5, 407-8,
411,413, 415-16, 419-20; educa-
tion system of, 100—3, 124, 391-2;
452
INDEX
elections (1841-2), 87; electoral sys-
tems of, 151—2; Epidarus, 66, 133;
Epirus, 25-6, 29, 55, 157, 160, 189,
193, 198, 314, 319; Ermioni, 66;
Ermoupoli, 88, 173, 178; Evritania,
168; Fthiotida, 180; Gargalianoi,
314; GDP per capita, 123-4, 169,
380, 385-6, 399-400,405,408,
410-11,413-15; Gorgopotamos,
352; Gortynia, 192, 220; Goudi,
234; government bonds, 398,411;
healthcare sector of, 405; higher
education system of, 237—8, 405;
Hydra (island), 30, 55—6, 60, 65—6,
73-4, 90, 93-4, 131, 199; Ileia, 23,
137; illiteracy rates in, 236, 362;
industrial sector of, 373; Ioannina,
33, 52, 55, 362; Ionian Islands, 30,
52, 73, 103, 150, 191-2, 227; Jewish
population of, 274, 302; judicial
system of, 103-4; Kalamata, 167,
227, 314; Kalavryta, 23; Kaltezes,
61; Karababa, 72; Kidonies, 40; Kifi-
sos, 182; Kinouria, 168; Kopaida,
183; Koroni, 55; Kos (island), 57;
Kozani, 33; Laconia, 89; Lamia,
72; Larissa, 55; Litochoro, 321;
Livadia, 23; Mani, 50, 74, 89—90,
98, 140, 147, 175, 179; Marathon,
155; Megalopolis, 90; Meligala,
314; Messina, 89-90; Methoni, 55,
90; military of, 197, 294-5, 365;
Miloi, 227; mining industry of, 172;
Ministry of Agriculture, Trade and
Industry, 243; Ministry of Defence,
220; Ministry of Finance, 223; Min-
istry of Health, Welfare and Care,
187; Ministry of Interior Affairs, 85;
Ministry of Labour, 305; Ministry
of National Economy, 243; Ministry
of Provisioning, 258; Ministry of
Transport and Communications,
243; Missolonghi, 57, 66, 90,104,
122, 133, 171; Monemvasia, 54;
Morea, 24—5, 65; Muslim popula-
tion of, 260; Mykonos (island),
179; Nafplion, 55, 65-6, 97, 104-5,
121, 142, 169, 176; national debt
of, 287; national lands issues in,
129-30, 134-7; Navarino Bay, 69;
Naxos, 114; Neokastro, 54; Nisi, 90;
Olympus, 297, 321; Parnassida, 180;
Paros (island), 114, 179; Patras, 23,
54-5, 61,122, 167,170, 186,192,
202, 227, 362; Piraeus, 88, 112, 114,
178, 182, 185, 200, 202, 252; popu-
lation growth of, 162-3, 175, 273;
Poros, 178; Psara (island), 30, 55,
60, 73, 199; public debt of, 223, 255,
398,401-2, 411, 413; public deficit
of, 347, 393,400,408-10; public
health issues in, 177-8, 182-5, 391;
public works projects in, 284—6;
Pyrgos, 90, 314; refugee popula-
tion of, 275-6; Roumeli, 59, 65—6;
Salona, 61; Serres, 284; Smyrna,
27, 40, 52, 261, 341; Souda, 200;
Sparta, 175; Spetses (island), 30, 55,
60, 65-6, 73, 90, 199; Stemnitsa,
133; Strimonas, 299; Syros (island),
167, 179, 186; taxation system of,
126-9, 135-6,210-13, 224, 257,
377, 392; Thebes, 104; Thessaloniki,
17, 30, 52, 249, 251-2, 260,262-3,
276-7, 281, 284, 297, 299, 302, 304,
318, 346, 351,412; Thessaly, 25, 55,
156,160,175, 190,193, 196, 205,
211, 221, 225, 227, 262, 306, 387;
Tinos (island), 89, 179; transporta-
tion network of, 199-202, 227;
urbanisation in, 225-6; Volos, 30,
227; Vostitsa, 23
453
INDEX
Greco-Turkish Population Exchange
(1923): 273; impact on population
demographics, 263—4
Greco-Turkish War (1897): 195, 214,
217, 229, 253, 258, 267, 281, 427;
political impact of, 198-9, 218, 232;
Treaty of Constantinople (1897),
219
Greek Central Intelligence Agency:
339
Greek Civil War (1946-9): 3—4, 6,
9, 264, 319, 322, 324, 331, 334-5,
338-40, 344, 346, 348, 352, 354,
356, 360-1, 366, 372, 376,428; De-
kemvriana, 316—17, 319—20; Greek
national army participation during,
327; infrastructure reconstruction
during, 326; political impact of, 332,
335, 428—9; population migration
during, 325
Greek Constitution (1844): 118-19,
121, 151 ; political impact of, 145;
provisions of, 118, 138
Greek Constitution (1864): 236;
provisions of, 151—2, 205
Greek Constitution (1911): 270, 335;
provisions of, 235—6, 263
Greek Constitution (1952): Article
12, 348-9; provisions of, 335, 337;
voting on, 335
Greek Constitution (1973): 358—9
Greek Constitution (1975): ratifica-
tion of, 372
Greek Constitution (2001): Article 57,
390-1
Greek Constitution (Epidaurus): ap-
proval of, 66; provisions of, 63
Greek disease: ideology of, 388; out-
break of, 387—8
Greek Enlightenment: 32, 37—8, 42,
45; key figures of, 36—7; key loca-
tions of, 51; limits of, 38
Greek Orthodox Church: 97—8,
138-9, 341; Holy Synod, 98-9, 138,
182; monasteries, 98—9; Secretariat
of the Church, 98; ‘Synodal Tome’,
139
Greek Rally: 335-6, 340-2; as ERE,
342, 348; electoral success of (1951),
335; members of, 340
Greek War of Independence (1821 —9):
4,20,25,40,43, 51, 62, 66-7, 74-5,
82, 84,91,93-4, 96, 116-17, 119,
122, 126,130, 133-4, 141-2, 151,
162-3, 170, 173-4, 185, 204-5,
213, 424-7; Battle of Navarino
(1827), 69; Batde of Petra (1829),
72; Battle of Phaliron (1827), 58—9;
British neutrality in, 68; entry of
Egyptian army into (1825), 56—7;
Egyptian/Ottoman Occupation of
Athens (1827), 57; Egyptian/Ot-
toman Occupation of Missolonghi
(1826), 57; instigation of, 52-3;
national lands issue during, 130;
resistance force structure in, 57—8;
role of naval fleets in, 30—1, 55—6;
role of Philike Etaireia, 52; sale of
religious texts prior to, 40—1; Siege
of Corinth, 54-5; Siege ofloannina,
54; Siege of the Acropolis, 59
Gregory V, Patriarch: 36, 42; hanging
of, 67
Grivas, D.: 150
Grivas, Georgios: leader ofEOKA, 344
Grivas, Theodorakis: rebellion led by
(1862), 118, 122, 147-8, 269
Gropius: 130—1
Guizot: 84
Gyaros Island Concentration Camp:
323
Habsburg Empire: 11, 16; Bucharest,
454
INDEX
41; Iasi, 41; Laibach, 67; Vienna,
40-1,51
Hague Conference (1929): 283
Harmenopoulos, Constantine:
Hexabiblos, 17, 104
von Heideck, Carl Wilhelm: 77
Hellenic Normarchyi 36
Hellenism: 195
heterocthons: 89, 117,130-1
historiography: international, 9; Greek,
2,9,43
Hitler, Adolf: 295
Holy Alliance: Laibach Summit, 67;
members of, 53, 67; Verona Summit,
67
Holy League: establishment of (1684),
11
Holy Roman Empire: Vienna, 11-12
Honduras: 210
humanism: religious, 33
Ilinden Uprising (1904): role of
EMEO in, 233
Independent Greeks (ANEL): 417;
coalition with Syriza, 419—21
India: 378
Initiative of the Six: participants in,
378
International Company of the Mari-
time Canal of Corinth: founding of
(1881), 202
International Court of Justice: 371
International Exposition: Greek par-
ticipation in, 144-5
International Financial Commission:
223; aims of, 218
International Monetary Fund (IMF):
393-4, 399,403,407-8,410,
413-14,419
Ioannidis, Dimitris: 359, 365; leader of
EENA, 338
Ionian Sea: 173
Iordanoglou, C.: 411
Islam: 18, 23,25, 129, 260, 275; con-
version to, 39
Italy: 29, 158, 193, 203, 229, 306, 370;
Bologna, 11; bombardment and oc-
cupation of Corfu (1923), 254, 268;
Caserta, 313; Livorno, 40; Naples,
66; occupation of Dodecanese
(1911), 244; Padua, 40; Rome, 33;
Trieste, 30, 40; urban population of,
226; Venice, 30,40; Verona, 67
Izzedin Fortress: 218
Jaruzelski, Wojciech: rise to power
(1981), 378
Jesuits: 31
Joachim III: 206; resignation of, 207
Joannicius III, Patriarch: 20
Judaism: 12, 30, 261-2, 274-5, 302;
anti-Semitism, 262, 274; Shoah, 302
Kafandaris, Georgios: 271, 283, 286;
electoral performance of (1932), 287
Kalivas, Stathis: 309
Kallifronas, Dimitrios: 121; opposition
to, 121-2
Kanaris, Admiral M.: family of, 213
Kanaris, Konstantinos: 117, 147, 150;
death of, 156; family of, 213; sug-
gested reforms of, 122
Kandakouzinos (clan): 14
Kanellopoulos, Panagiotis: 314, 320,
334, 342; administration of, 356,
365; role in government in exile, 311
Kantakouzenos, Prince: 31, 131
Kapodistrias, I.: 66,70,72, 89, 103,
134, 174—5; assassination of (1831),
142; background of, 70—1; founder
of National Financial Bank, 130;
Governor of Greece, 70; state ap-
paratus developed by, 72—3
455
INDEX
Karaiskakis, Georgios: 61; leader of
Roumeliots, 59
Karamanlis, Konstantinos: 344, 346,
372, 379,429; administration of,
342—3, 353, 368, 370; background
of, 342; electoral victory of (1977),
370; family of, 387; foreign policy
of, 370-1 ; founder of New Democ-
racy, 368; Greek Minister of Public
Works, 341; President of Greece,
370; resignation of, 356
Karamanlis, Kostas: administration of,
389; family of, 387; leader of New
Democracy, 387
Karapanos, Konstantinos: 209
Kardamilis, N.: execution of (1955),
337
Karoifllis, L: 31
Kartalis, Georgios: 321; co-founder
of EKKA, 305; Greek Minister of
Coordination, 347
Kastorianos, Manolakis: 11
Katakazis, Konstantin: 96
Katartzis, Dimitrios: 32, 34
Kitrmolidis, Paschalis: 20, 36
Kokkonis, I.: 100
Kolettis, Ioannis: 62, 89, 112, 116;
death of (1847), 114, 117; electoral
victory of ( 1844), 121
Koliopoulos, John: 6
Kollyvades Movement: 20
Kolokotronis (noble family): 57
Kolokotronis, Gennaios: family of,
117; head of military corps, 140
Kolokotronis, Panos: family of, 65
Kolokotronis, Theodoros: 56—7, 64;
family of, 65, 117; vice president of
executive branch of National Assem-
bly, 64-5; trial of, 79
Kondylis, Georgis: 272, 288-9; admin-
istration of, 281 ; Greek Minister of
Military Affairs, 287—8
Konstantas, Grigorios: 32
Korais, Adamantios: 35—7; background
of, 36-7; lectures of, 42-3
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (1983):
378
Korean War (1950-3): 329; Greek
expeditionary force during, 336
Koromilas, Lambros: Greek Minister
of Finance, 255
Koronaios, P.: 147
Koryzis, Alexandras: 295; suicide of
(1941), 298
Kotzias, Konstantinos: 298
Koumas, Konstantinos: 12, 19, 45
Koumoundouros, Alexandras: 121,
154, 156, 159, 190, 195; administra-
tion of, 136, 154; Greek Minister of
the Interior, 153; trial of, 154
Koundouriotis, Georgios: 65, 117;
resignation of (1929), 286
Kriezis, A.: 117
Labour House: 339
Lambrakis, Grigoris: 346
Lambros, Spyridon: 214
Lavrio Mining Company: 172
Law 1876/90: provisions of, 409
Law 2058 (‘On Measures of Peace’)
(1952): 335
Law 2987/1953: provisions of, 349
Law 375/1936: provisions of, 337
Law 4046/2012: 413
Law 509/1947: provisions of, 337
Le Mondes 388
Le Suire, Wilhelm: head of Greek
Defence Ministry, 79
League of Nations: 187, 254, 281;
Refugee Settlement Commission,
279
Lebanon: 312-13
Lebanon Conference (1944): key at-
456
INDEX
tendees of, 312; political impact of,
312-13
Leonardopoulos, Panagiotis: 270
Leopold of Belgium: resignation of,
73-4
Leopold of Saxonburg: 145
Liakos, A.: 239
Liberal Party: 243, 282, 286; electoral
performance of (1915), 249, 251;
electoral performance of (1932),
287; electoral performance of
(1950), 332; members of, 235, 340
liberalism: intellectual, 33
Livadia: 86
Lodos, Andreas: 65
Logothetopoulos, Konstantinos: 299
London Conference (1830); 130
London Protocol (1828): signing of, 70
London Protocol (1830): provisions of,
77; signing of, 130
London-Zürich Agreements (1959):
353
Lontos, Andreas: 64
Lontos, Sotiris: execution of (1812), 23
Louis XVI of France: execution of
(1793), 36
Loukaris, Cyril: 31—2, 44
Ludwig I of Bavaria, King: 77—8; fam-
ily of, 74, 77, 125
Lyons, Sir Edmund: British Ambassa-
dor to Greece, 121, 125
Macedonia: 25, 55, 161, 205—6, 229-
30, 234, 237, 281, 299, 310, 342,
381; Bulgarian interests in, 230, 233,
251; Kilkis, 314; Monastiri, 229;
Naoussa, 306; refugee population of,
276; Stromnitsa, 229; Western, 274,
297, 306; Yugoslavian, 319
Macedonia Revolutionary Organisa-
tion: Comitatus, 229—30
Macedonian Revolution (1878): 200
Mahmud II, Sultan: 43; offer issued to
Mehmet Ali (1825), 56
Makarios III, Archbishop: 343—4,
358-9
Makarios of Assine, Bishop: 141
Makris, Fotis: control over GSEE, 339,
354
Makronisos Island Concentration
Camp: 322—3
Makrygiannis, Yannis: 117
maktui concept of, 21—2
malikane: concept of, 21
Malta: 30
Mani Revolt (1845): 118
Maniots: members of, 54
Manitakis, E.: 175
Marathon Dam: 182
Margaritis, G.: 295
Markezinis, Spyros: administration of,
358; Greek Minister of Coordina-
tion, 340-1,358
Marshall Plan (1948): 327, 360; politi-
cal impact of, 339
Maternity Hospital: founding of
(1835), 186
Matsaganis, Man os: 421
von Maure, Georg Ludwig: 77
Maurer, G.: 90—1, 96, 142—3; expul-
sion from Greece (1834), 104; role
in development of Greek judicial
system, 103—5
Mavrogenis: 25
Mavrogordatos, G.: 253
Mavrokordatos, Alexandras: 11-12,
31,52, 63, 74, 82-3,89, 112, 114,
116, 191; family of, 15, 32, 62;
Prince ofWallachia, 15; resignation
of (1855), 65, 114
Mavrokordatos, Nikolaos: family of,
15, 32; Filotheou Parerga, 32
457
INDEX
Mavromichalis (noble family): 61
Mavromichalis, Konstantinos: 220
Mavromichalis, Kyriakoulis: 234
Mavromichalis, Petrobey: 50, 62;
leader of Maniots, 54; President of
Greek Parliament, 64; President of
executive branch of National As-
sembly, 64
Máximos, Serafim: 272
McCarthyism: 3, 360
Medical Committee: founding of
(1843), 184; personnel of, 184;
renamed Supreme Health Council
(1922), 184
Medical University of Athens: 184
Medium Term Plan (2011 — 15): terms
of, 411 —12
Megalou Spilaiou Monastery: 140
Merkel, Angela: 411 — 12
Metap olitefsi: 1, 4, 363, 374, 389
Metaxas, Andreas: 89, 116, 254; vice
president of executive branch of
National Assembly, 64
Metaxas, Ioannis: 270-1, 282; death
of (1941), 295; populist policies
of, 290; regime of, 277, 289, 291,
293-4, 299
Mexico: 210, 378
Miaoulis, Andreas: administration of,
122; head of Aegean fleet, 72
Michalakopoulos, Andreas: leader of
Democratic Union, 272
Mihail: assassination of, 158
Military League: dissolution of235,
287; members of, 234
millet: concept of, 20
Ministerial Council: 83
Mitsotakis, Konstan tinos: 379, 381;
administration of, 381—2; leader of
New Democracy, 374
Moisiodax, Iosipos: 32—3, 35
Moldavia: 12, 52; Ottoman control
over, 15
Montagnards (political faction): 150
Montenegro: 157
Moodys: credit rating system of, 414
Moraitinis, A.: 154; Vice President of
National Assembly of Athens, 150
Mussolini, Benito: 254, 290; regime
of, 293
Mustafa, Grand Vizier Kara: 12
Napoleonic Wars (1803—15): 26,31,
49, 109
National and Social Liberation Group
(EKKA): 305, 308
National Assembly: 88, 117, 130, 138,
148; electoral law (1844), 119;
executive branch of, 64; First (1821),
62-4, 133; Fourth (1829), 73,78;
parliamentary branch of, 64; Second
(1823), 64, 133; self-dissolution of,
71-2; Third (1824), 66,68, 70
National Assembly of Athens: 150-1,
271; Second (1863), 148, 150
National Bank of Greece: 209, 255,
348, 373, 399, 417; creation of, 108;
foreign currency reserves of, 256;
gold reserves of, 299; personnel of,
295,380
National Camp (EP): 369
National Defence: 251—2
National Defence Fund: loans guaran-
teed by, 232
National Democratic Party: creation of
(1924), 262
National Financial Bank: 130
National Health System (ESY): cre-
ation of, 376
National League: electoral perfor-
mance of (1932), 288
National Liberation Front (EAM):
458
INDEX
308-9, 313, 316-17, 319, 321; de-
feat of (1944), 317—18; formation of
(1941), 304; influence of, 311-12;
members of, 318-20, 345, 374;
National People s Liberation Army
(ELAS), 305-7, 309-10, 313-16,
320; organisation efforts of, 304—5,
309; representatives of, 312; sup-
porters of, 319; territorial holdings
of, 305-6
National Organisation of Cypriot
Fighters (EOKA): 344; formation of
(1955) , 341; members of, 344
National Party: 88—9
National Political Union: electoral per-
formance of (1946), 321; members
of, 320
National Progressive Centre Union:
352-5, 363; attempts to control
CSSEE, 354; electoral performance
of (1963), 352; founding of (1961),
334, 345; granting of military con-
trol to crown (1963), 338; members
of, 345-6
National Radical Union (ERE): 353,
355, 368; electoral performance of
(1956) , 342; electoral performance
of (1958), 344; electoral perfor-
mance of (1961), 345; formerly
Greek Rally, 342; members of, 356,
365-6
National Republican Greek League
(EDES): 306, 314, 319; founding of
(1941), 305; representatives of, 312
National Schism (1910—22) : 236, 251,
309, 340, 356, 428; collapse of, 360;
political impact of, 254, 258, 264-5
National Society: founding of (1894),
214
National Union of Greece: founding
of, 262
National Union of Youth Officers
(EENA): 8
National Youth Organisation: creation
of, 289-90
nationalism: 45, 252
Naval Academy: 199
Negris, Thodoris: 74; Ottoman Vice-
Ambassador in Paris, 62
Negroponte, M.: Greek Minister of
Finance, 257
Nenekos: 61
neoliberalism: 381
Neophytos (Bishop of Attica): 139
Netherlands: 27, 175; Hague, The, 371;
urban population of, 226
New Democracy: 371—5, 379, 389—90,
392, 395, 398-9,407,415-18; co-
alition administration with PASOK
and LAOS, 412; coalition adminis-
tration with Synaspismos, 383; elec-
toral performance of (1974), 368;
electoral performance of (1990),
381; electoral performance of
(2004), 387; electoral performance
of (2009), 415; founding of (1974),
368; members of, 369, 380
New Loan Agreement (2011): 412
Nicodemus the Hagiorite: influence
of, 42
Nikitas: leader of Peloponnesians, 59
Nikolakopoulos, Ilias: 415
Nikousios, Dragoman Panagiotis:
11-12; death of (1673), 12
Noemvriana: 260
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO): 343-4, 353, 366, 371,
378,421; members of, 336, 339, 372
Obrenovic of Serbia, Prince Mihajlo:
84
Office of Public Finance: 107
459
INDEX
Oil Crisis (1973): economic impact of,
372-3
Olga, Queen: family of, 154; public
health initiatives of, 186
‘On Building Healthy Cities and Vil-
lages (1835): provisions of, 107
‘On Military Facilities’ (1953): 341
‘On Setding Crete’ (1848): 135
‘On the Validation of a Democratic
System’ (1924): 272
Opthalmiatric Hospital: founding of
(1843), 186
Optimum Currency Area: 404
Organisation for Business Reconstruc-
tion (OAE): founding of, 377
Organisation for Economic Co-oper-
ation and Development (OECD):
327, 329, 392; public employment
rates in, 361
Organisation X: 317; members of, 357
Orlov Revolts (1770-1): political
significance of, 46
Osman, Topal: 24
Otto of Greece, King: 2, 5—7, 79, 81,
85, 87-8, 94, 96, 110-13, 115-18,
120, 122-3, 129, 139-40, 144-5,
148, 151-2, 166,175, 182, 232;
appointment of (1832), 74, 77-8;
dissolving of Parliament (1859),
121—2; family of, 124; governing
policies of, 80-2, 111, 113-14, 118,
120, 123-4, 135, 139-40; national
land redistribution under, 134, 136;
removed from power (1862), 75,
83-4, 115, 127-8, 147, 157, 168,
230, 237,426
Ottoman Empire: 3, 5, 10—12, 14,
16-17, 19-20, 24, 26-7, 29, 32,
35-6, 42-5, 51, 53-4, 60-1, 67,
69,74-5, 87, 94, 96-7, 104, 108,
129-31, 133, 154, 158, 164-5,
169, 174, 176-7, 189, 193-4, 206,
223, 229, 231, 243-4, 260, 341,
424-6; Alexandria, 17, 30; Antioch,
17; Christian population of, 164;
collapse of (1923), 161; Constanti-
nople, 12,15-16, 18, 20-1, 24, 27,
30-1, 39,41, 46, 48, 51, 54, 67, 217,
341, 424; Derbendcis, 94; Em-
lakika, 23; Imperial Council, 12, 14;
Janissary Corps, 14; Jerusalem, 17;
Karytainia, 23; land legislation of,
131-2; military forces of, 60, 198,
218; navy of, 15, 56, 60; opposition
movements within, 44—6; Phanari,
23; Sublime Porte, 12, 15-16, 25-8,
49, 52, 54,67, 159-60, 203, 233;
Tanzimat, 43; taxation system of,
21-2; territory of, 12, 44, 55, 179,
217, 423; trading activity of, 28-30;
Tripoli, 53-4, 58, 65, 147, 182; Wal-
lachia, 53; Young Turks, 244
Palamas, Kostis: 238
Palmerston, Lord: 148
Pangalos, Theordoros: 254; coup led
by (1925), 272; Greek Minister of
Legal Order, 272
Panhellenic Liberation Organisation:
dissolvingof (1943), 308
Panhellenic Reserve Association:
formation of, 251
Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PA-
SOK): 370, 379, 382-3, 386, 389,
391, 399,407,410,412,416-18;
coalition administration with LAOS
and New Democracy, 412; edu-
cational policies of, 377; electoral
performance of ( 1981 ), 373—6;
electoral performance of (1985),
379; electoral performance of
(2004), 387; electoral performance
460
INDEX
of (2009), 415; founding of (1974),
374; members of, 379-80; support-
ers of, 383
Papaflessas: 62
Papadimos, Loukas: 412
Papadoupoulos, Georgios: 338—9, 338;
background of, 357; leader of 21
April Coup (1967), 356; removed
from power (1973), 368
Papagos, Lieutenant General Alex-
andras: 294-5,297,335, 337-8,
341-2; administration of, 336, 340,
358; death of, 342; military forces
led by, 324; supporters of, 336
Papkonstantinou, Giorgios: Greek
Minister of Finance, 399,402
Papdemos, Loukas: 417
Papalexis (noble family): 23
Papanastasiou, Alexandras: admin-
istration of, 271-2, 287; leader of
Democratic Union, 271
Papandreou, Andreas: 376, 378, 382;
administration of, 382, 398, 400;
electoral victory of (1981), 373-4;
family of, 352, 373, 387; foreign
policy of, 378; leader of PASOK,
373
Papandreou, George: administration
of, 417; family of, 387
Papandreou, George (senior): 312—13,
320, 332, 345,352,429; family of,
352, 373; head of government in
exile, 315-16; refused control of
Ministry of Defence by Constan-
tine II (1965), 355; resignation of
(1944), 317-18
Paparrigopoulos, Constantine: 241;
History of the Greek Nation* 240-2
Papas, A.: death of, 52
Papoulakos, Christoforos: 140; arrest
and exile of, 141; background of,
140; preaching activity of, 140-1
Papoulakos Revolt (1852): 139
Papatsonidis (noble family) : 23
Para-Constitution: 337
Parios, Athanasios: 33
Paris Conference (1856): 167—8; par-
ticipants in, 158; terms of, 155
Parker Incident (1850): 113
Parliament of Greece: 63, 65, 89,
118-20,126,133,136,139,152-3,
155-6,209,221,234-5, 243,
249-50, 252,282, 344,368, 387-8,
394,407,421; dissolved (1859),
121-2
Parliament of Mayors: 122
Party of Liberal Democrats: electoral
performance of (1923), 271
Pa^a, Re§id Mehmed: 59
Pasha, Ali: 44, 54-5; defeat of, 55; fam-
ily of, 26; territory controlled by, 25
Pasha, Ibrahim: family of, 56; military
forces led by, 56-7, 61, 66, 69
Pasha, Kôprülü Fazil Ahmed: 12
Pasha, Mahmud: 61
Pasha, Veli: family of, 26
Patinions, M.: 35
Patriarchal School: 33-4,41-2
Paul of Greece, King: 297, 342; acces-
sion of, 356
Pazvantoglu of Vidin, Osman: 44
Pedagogical Institute: founding of, 354
Peloponnese (region): 22-6, 50, 52-6,
58,62-4,69,72,75, 90,147,163,
170, 180, 227, 300, 324; creation of,
68; fires (2007), 390; land owner-
ship in, 137-8
Peloponnesian Senate: 62, 64;
abolition of (1823), 64; assembly of
(1821),61
Peoples Party: 282, 287, 289, 304, 334;
electoral performance of (1935),
288; electoral performance of
461
INDEX
(1946), 321; electoral performance
of (1950), 332; members of, 287,
299, 341—2; support for return of
George 11,315
Perdikaris, Michael; 23, 45; Rigas, or
against False Phihellenes, 35
Peru: 210
Peter the Great: 15
Petropoulos, John A.: 88
Petmezas, S.: 126
Phalanx: establishment of (1835), 93
Phanariots: 14-15, 18, 31-3, 36, 46,
62, 103; concept of, 12; concep-
tion of government, 34; control
over Ecumenical Patriarchate, 20;
infrastructure developed by, 32; key
families of, 48
Philemon, Timoleon: 88
Philike Etaireia: 25, 63, 74—5; found-
ing of ( 1814), 47; Invisible Author-
ity, 47-9, 51, 54, 62; members of,
47—50, 52; role in Greek War of
Independence (1821—9), 52; social
composition of, 51; weakening of, 52
Philorthodox Company: 140
Piromaglou, Komninos: co-founder of
EDES, 305
Piscatory, Français: 88—9
Pitsakis, Konstantinos: 17
Plastiras, Nikolaos: 269, 318, 334, 336;
administration of, 334, 340; resigna-
tion of, 334
Ploumpidis, N.: shooting of (1954),
340
Poland: 378
Political Committee for National
Liberation (PEEA): creation of
(1944), 308; elections held by, 309;
representatives of, 312
Politis-Kalfov Protocol (1924): provi-
sions of, 281
Polytechnic University: School of
Industrial and Fine Arts, 202
Pomaks (minority group): 273
Popular Orthodox Rally (LAOS): 418;
coalition administration with New
Democracy and PASOK, 412
Poros Conference (1828): political
impact of, 70
Porter Report: findings of, 327—8
Portugal: 169, 369, 404; urbanisation
in, 176, 226
Pouqueville, F.H.C.: 141
Praidis, G.: Greek Minister of Justice,
104
Private Sector Involvement (PSI):
412-13
Privileged Society for the Protection,
Production and Trafficking of Cur-
rants: establishment of (1905), 222
Privy Council: 80, 82; abolition of, 83;
personnel of, 81
prosticbi: concept of, 132—3
Protestantism: 31, 96
Protocol of St Petersburg (1825): sign-
ing of, 68-9
Provisional Government of National
Defence: establishment of (1916),
251-2
Provisional Government of the State:
establishment of (1828), 71
Prussia: 2, 158
Pruth River Campaign (1710—11):
political impact of, 15
Psarros, Dimitris: co-founder of
EKKA, 305; murder of (1943), 306,
308
Psycharis, Ioann is: 239
Psychogios, D.: 135, 166—7
Putin, Vladimir: 420-1
Quintet, E.: 163
462
INDEX
Rallis, Dimitrios: 209, 220, 308, 374;
administration of, 370-1; resigna-
tion of (1909), 234
Rangavis, Alexandras Rizos: 195;
Greek Ambassador to Germany, 160
‘Regarding General Administration of
the Army’ (1900): provisions of, 220
Regency Council: 104; members of,
77—8, 91—2, 96; ‘Declaring Irregular
Troops’ (decree), 92; policies of, 79,
98; use of mercenary forces, 92
Regime of the Colonels (1967—74),
1, 8, 369; 21 April Coup (1967),
356-7, 429; collapse of (1974), 359,
365, 395,415
Republic of Ireland: 404
Revisionary Parliament: first convened
(1910), 235
‘Revocation of the Consequences of
the Civil War’: 380
Richter, H.A.: 293
Romania: 157, 168, 193, 289; oil
reserves of, 296; urbanisation in,
176, 226
Roumeliots: key figures of, 59, 84-5;
supporters of, 121
Roupel (fortress): surrendered to Ger-
man/Bulgarian forces (1916), 251
Von Rudhart, Ignatius: 80
Rufos, Benizelos: 122, 147, 150,153
Russell, Lord: 157
Russian Empire (1721-1917): 16,46—
7, 49, 51, 57, 67-8, 88-9, 97,112,
146, 148, 154,158,175,178,193,
218, 229; borders of, 52; Mariupol,
40; Odessa, 40,47; St Petersburg,
159; urban population of, 225
Russian Federation: 420-1
Russo-Turkish War (1768—74): 25; po-
litical impact of, 43; Treaty of Kii^iik
Kaynarca (1774), 16, 30
Russo-Turkish War (1828-9): Ferro-
nays plan, 69; Treaty of Adrianople
(1829), 70
Russo-Turkish War (1877—8): 160;
Treaty of San Stefano (1878), 156,
160, 242
Sacred Bond of Greek Officers
(IDEA): 8, 335; lack of influence,
338; members of, 339
Samaras, Antonis: 410, 417; Greek
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 382
Sarahs, Stefanos: 306
Sarkozy, Nicolas: 411-12
Sartzetakis, Christos: 379
Savvas, Konstantinos: 181
Schäuble, Wolfgang: 420
Schinas, K.: 240
Schinas, M.: 138
School of Agrapha: development of, 31
School of Medicine: 186—7
Von Schmaltz, Christian: head of
Greek Defence Ministry, 79
Scobie, General Ronald: resistance
forces led by, 313
Second Memorandum (2012): 412,
414; evaluations of, 421-2; revision
of, 414
Second World War (1939—45): 4, 6,
183, 244, 261, 264, 274,279, 320,
324, 327, 338, 360, 371, 428; Allied
naval blockade of Greece, 300; Axis
Invasion of Greece (1940-1), 290,
293—8; belligerents of, 293-6, 305;
concentration camps, 302, 320; Ho-
locaust, 302; Italian Spring Offensive
(1941): 295; Operation Barbarossa
(1941), 296; resistance movement
efforts during, 303-9
Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revo-
lutionary Organisation (EMEO):
463
INDEX
formerly Comitatus, 230; role in
Ilinden Uprising, 233
Seferis, Georgios: funeral of (1971),
358
Selim III, Sultan: 43
Senate of Greece: 151, 156, 282
Senate of Western Greece: abolition of
(1823), 64
Serbia: 84, 154,157-8, 160,193, 203,
206, 244, 254, 280; Belgrade, 229;
urbanisation in, 176, 226
Seven Years War (1756-63): 30
Sideris, A.: 137
Siege of Vienna (1683): 11-12
Sigalas, Nikos: 39
Simitis, Kostas: administration of,
384-7,398; background of, 383-4;
foreign policy of, 385; reformist
policies of, 386-7
Simopoulos, A.: Greek Minister of
Finance, 207
Skiadika Incident (1859): 121
Skliros, G.: 221-2
Skoufas, Nikolaos: co-founder of Phi-
like Etaireia, 47; death of 52
Slavophone Macedonians (ethnic
group): 264,274-5, 277, 281, 304;
collaboration with Italian forces,
319; migration of, 325; presence in
Democratic Army, 324
smallpox: 180-1; eradication of, 182
Sobieski, King John: 11
Socialist Workers’ Party: establishment
of (1918), 260
Society of Observers of Man: 42—3
Sofianopoulos, Ioannis: 321
Sofoulis, K.: coalition administration
of, 322
Sofoulis, Themistoklis: 288-9, 320;
leader of Democratic Union, 272
Solomos, Dionysios: Hymn to Liberty,
239
Sotiropoulos, S.: Greek Finance Min-
ister, 136; role in development of
national land legislation, 136
South Eastern German Territorial
Administration: 299
Soutsos, LA.: 131,146,162, 165-6
Soutzos, Alexandros: 145-6; death
of, 53
Soviet Union (USSR): 313-15, 317,
323, 353, 378; Moscow, 314, 323;
Red Army, 315; sphere of influence,
339
Spa Conference (1920): repatriations
issued by, 283
Spain: 30, 66, 369, 404; urbanisation
in, 175,226
Spilotopouios, General P: 313
Stamatis, Konstantinos: 32
Stalin. Josef: meeting with Winston
Churchill (1944), 314
Statutory Charter of the Greek Church
(1833): opposition to, 99; publica-
tion of, 97
Statutory Law (1929): 277
Stefanopoulos, Stefanos: 341-2, 345
Stergiadis, Aristeidis: 261
Stilitika Incident (1875): 426
Stourzas (clan): 14
Strong, F.: 143-4
Sultan, Beyhan: income of, 23
Summer Olympics (2004): 385-6
Supreme Court: personnel of, 154, 204
Supreme Court of Eastern Central
Greece: abolition of (1823), 64
Supreme Health Council: formerly
Medical Committee, 184
Svolos, Alexandros: 308-9
Sweden: 378
Swedish Red Cross: 301
Switzerland: 70, 119; Davos, 400;
Geneva, 71, 366; Zurich, 344
464
INDEX
Tanzania: 378
Theodorakis: 131
Theodoritos, Bishop Vresthenis: Vice-
President of Greek Parliament, 64
Theophylact: Interpretation of the Four
Gospels, 38
Theotokas, Giorgos: 316-17
Theotokis, Georgios: administration
of, 220
Theotokis, Nikiforos: 33; Elements of
Physics (1766-7), 34
Thiers, Frederic: 164
Third Memorandum: negotiations of,
420; signing of, 422
Third International (1919-43): mem-
bers of, 260; policies of, 277
Third Reich (1933-45): 290, 293-4,
297, 299; Wehrmacht, 296
Thirty Years’ War (1618—48): 31
Thrace: 230, 310; Bulgarian Occupa-
tion of, 304; Eastern, 267, 275;
Muslim population of, 273; refugee
population of, 275-6; Western, 273,
276
timariots 26
Tito, Josip Broz: foreign policy of,
323-4
Treaty of Accession (1979): signing
of, 370
Treaty of Alexandria (1828): provisions
of, 70
Treaty of Berlin (1878): breaches of,
341; provisions of, 156
Treaty of Constantinople (1832):
provisions of, 130
Treaty of Karlowitz (1699): 11-12
Treaty of London (1827): provisions
of, 69
Treaty of London (1832): 78; provi-
sions of, 69,113
Treaty of Passarowitz (1718): provi-
sions of, 28
Treaty of Sèvres (1920): signing of, 252
Treaty ofVarkiza (1945): 318-19;
signing of, 321
Treaty ofVôslau (1867): 154; provi-
sions of, 157
Treaty of Westphalia (1648): 3
Trial of the Six (1922): 253
Trikeri Concentration Camp: 323
Trikoupis, Charilaos: 2, 5, 122, 156-7,
187, 191, 197-8, 203, 210, 215, 220,
230—1, 236; administration of, 153,
156, 192-4, 207, 209-10; back-
ground of, 191-2; electoral defeat
of (1890), 208; electoral victory of
(1887), 205; family of, 191; fiscal
policies of, 212; Greek Minister
of Foreign Affairs, 154; ‘Past and
Present’, 115—16; reform policies of,
194-6,199-200, 203-5, 211; resig-
nation of, 209; ‘Tis Ptaci?’, 156
Trikoupis, Spiros: 94; resignation of
(1829), 73
Trikoupis, Spyridon: family of, 191
Tripartite Agreement: 203
Troika: 419, 421; negotiations with
Greek government, 407-8, 412;
reports compiled by, 410
Truman, Harry S.: foreign policy of,
322
Tsakalof, Athanassios: 47; co-founder
of Philike Etaireia, 47
Tsakalotos, Euclid: 422
Tsaldaris, K.: 322
Tsaldaris, Panagis: 287, 289; leader of
People s Party, 287
Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721): 11,34
Tsipras, Alexis: 406,420; economic
policies of, 421
Tsirimokos, Ilias: 345
Tsolakoglou, General Giorgios: 298;
administration of, 299
Tsouderos, Emmanouil: 298, 310, 312
465
INDEX
Turkey: 210, 254, 264, 267, 275,
282-3,289-90,336,341, 353,359,
382, 385; borders of, 357; Istanbul,
275; Karamania, 12; military of,
261; refugee population of, 275;
territory of, 267
Turkish-Egyptian War (1839): 112
typhoid fever: 182
Tzanetakis, Tzanis; administration of,
380
Ukraine: War of Independence
(1917-21), 247, 257
Union of Young Officers (EENA):
founding of (c. 1956-8), 338; mem-
bers of, 338-9
United Democratic Left (EDA): 342,
345, 355; electoral performance of
(1952), 340; electoral performance
of (1958), 344; electoral perfor-
mance of (1963), 352
United Kingdom (UK): 57, 67-9, 71,
158-9,173,175, 180,193,203,218,
229, 256-7,280, 290,296,341, 381,
425; City of London, 68; govern-
ment of, 305; London, 112, 144,
150, 155, 191, 299, 344; urbanisa-
tion in, 175
United Nations (UN): 341; Relief
and Rehabilitation Administration
(UNRRA), 328
United States of America (USA): 3,
169,222, 256,261, 327,329, 334,
344, 350,357,359, 372,381, 398;
Civil War (1861-5), 172; Congress,
322; government of, 301, 401;
immigration to, 279, 325; military
of, 341; Subprime Mortgage Crisis
(2007-10), 398, 403-4
University of Athens: 146, 162, 238,
240, 362; faculty of, 86, 181, 210,
214, 289, 309,311; founding of
(1837), 102
Uprising (1836): political impact of, 95
Vafeiadis, Markos: 323—4; Mountain
Government administration of, 323,
376
Vakalopoulos, Missolonghites A.: 61
Valaoras, V.: observations of growth of
Greek population, 167
Valaoritis, Ioannis: Head of National
Bank, 255
Valvis, Dimitrios: caretaker administra-
tion of, 204
Varoufakis, Yanis: Greek Minister of
Finance, 419; writings of, 419-21
Veiestinlis, Rigas: 32; secret society
founded by, 47
Velouchiotis, Aris: 306; military leader
of ELAS, 320
Venizelos, Eleftherios: 187, 234-6,
243,249, 252-3,257, 260, 265,271,
277,287, 289,291, 345,412,428;
administration of, 243, 249, 256,
278, 285, 338; agricultural policy
of, 285; attempted assassination of
(1920), 252; economic policies of,
283-5; electoral victory of (1928),
282; family of, 312; foreign policy
of, 282-3
Venizelos, Sophocles: 334-5; family
of, 312; leader of Liberal Party, 332;
leader of National Political Union,
320
Victoria, Queen: 148
Vipmer, Carolus: President of Medical
Committee, 184
Vlachavas, Efthimios: revolt led by, 26
Vlachos, Stavros: Greek Minister of
Religious Affairs, 139
Vlachs (ethnic group): 38-40, 50, 304;
role in Greek politics, 274—5
466
INDEX
Volksrecht: concept of, 103—4
Voltaire: Historical and Critical Essay
on the Dissent of the Churches of
Poland 33; influence of, 33; Notes on
Religious Tolerance, 33
Vosseur, Major Victor: French military
mission led by (1882), 197—8
Voulgaris, Dimitris: 114-15, 147,
150, 153; administration of, 154-6;
foreign policy of, 159; opposition
repression efforts of, 153, 155
Voulgaris, Evgenios: 33; teachings of,
33-4,41-2
Youlgaris, Yiannis: 359, 376, 415-16,
422
Vrailas-Armenis, P.: Greek Ambassador
to UK, 155
Wallachia: Ottoman control over, 15
Weber, Max: 1,7
Western Greece (region): 62, 72;
creation of, 68; provisional adminis-
tration of, 61
Woodhouse, Chris: 303-4; identifica-
tion of factional loyalties of rural
population, 309
World Economic Forum (2010):
attendees of, 400; Global Competi-
tiveness Report (2015-16), 405
Xanthos, Emmanouil: 47; co-founder
of Philike Etaireia, 47
Ypsilantis, Alexandras: 53, 59; family
of, 49, 52, 62; invasion of Moldavia,
66-7; leader of Philike Etaireia, 50
Ypsilantis, Dimitris: 62,72; family of,
52, 62; President of Greek Parlia-
ment, 63
Ypsilantis, Ioannis: 16
Ypsilantis, Konstantinos: family of, 49
Yugoslavia: 274, 289; Axis Invasion of
(1941), 298; Greek relations with,
282
Zachariadis, Nikos: 321, 323-4; Gen-
eral Secretary of KKE, 320, 332
Zaimis, Alexandras: 220; administra-
tion of, 281—2
Zaimis, Andreas: 65, 156
Zaimis, Thrasivoulos: 121, 150; admin-
istration of, 155
Zakynthians: 30
Zappe ion I Programme: 410
Zappeion II Programme: 410
Zervas, Colonel Napoleon: co-founder
of EDES, 305
Zionism: 274
Zografos, I.: 210
Zografos, K.: 131
Zoitakis, Georgios: 358
Zolotas, Xenophon: 380
Zorbas, Colonel: leader of Military
League, 234
467
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kōstēs, Kōstas P. 1957- |
| author2 | Moe, Jacob |
| author2_role | trl |
| author2_variant | j m jm |
| author_GND | (DE-588)103177175 |
| author_facet | Kōstēs, Kōstas P. 1957- Moe, Jacob |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kōstēs, Kōstas P. 1957- |
| author_variant | k p k kp kpk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044757570 |
| classification_rvk | FD 1010 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1028892556 (DE-599)BVBBV044757570 |
| discipline | Philologie / Byzantinistik / Neulatein |
| edition | First published |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1700-2000 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1700-2000 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Greece / History / 19th century Greece / History / 20th century Greece / Civilization / 19th century Greece / Civilization / 20th century Griechenland Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Greece / History / 19th century Greece / History / 20th century Greece / Civilization / 19th century Greece / Civilization / 20th century Griechenland |
| id | DE-604.BV044757570 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T18:10:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781849048255 |
| language | English Greek |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030153057 |
| oclc_num | 1028892556 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | ix, 467 Seiten Diagramme, Karten |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Hurst & Company |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Kōstēs, Kōstas P. 1957- History's spoiled children the formation of the Modern Greek State Geschichte Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056618-3 (DE-588)4022047-3 |
| title | History's spoiled children the formation of the Modern Greek State |
| title_alt | "Ta kakomathēmena paidia tēs istorias" |
| title_auth | History's spoiled children the formation of the Modern Greek State |
| title_exact_search | History's spoiled children the formation of the Modern Greek State |
| title_full | History's spoiled children the formation of the Modern Greek State Kostas Kostis ; translated by Jacob Moe |
| title_fullStr | History's spoiled children the formation of the Modern Greek State Kostas Kostis ; translated by Jacob Moe |
| title_full_unstemmed | History's spoiled children the formation of the Modern Greek State Kostas Kostis ; translated by Jacob Moe |
| title_short | History's spoiled children |
| title_sort | history s spoiled children the formation of the modern greek state |
| title_sub | the formation of the Modern Greek State |
| topic | Geschichte Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Staat Greece / History / 19th century Greece / History / 20th century Greece / Civilization / 19th century Greece / Civilization / 20th century Griechenland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030153057&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030153057&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030153057&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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