The mass deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880:
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| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Palgrave Macmillan
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| Umfang: | xix, 262 Seiten Karten, Diagramm 22 cm x 16 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783319609577 3319609572 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents 1 Introduction 2 Siberian Exile, 1590-1863 17 3 The 1863 January Uprising 37 4 Suppression, Deportation, and Debate 75 5 The Insurrectionists Arrive in Siberia 101 6 Forced Settlers 129 7 Katorga 151 8 Resistance and the Baikal Circle-Road Revolt 177 9 Amnesties, Repatriations, andOther Fates 203 10 Conclusion 1 231 XV
xvi CONTENTS Glossary 239 Bibliography 241 Index 251
Bibliography Archival Sources Abbreviations: i.=fond (collection); op.=opis (listing); Akarton (carton); á.=delo (sheaf); t.= tom (volume); .-Ust (sheet) BIGU—Irkutsk State University Library (Biblioteka Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta-), Irkutsk, Russia: No. RUK. 345, Sakhalin delo, Rare Books and Manuscripts Holdings (Fond staropechatnykh і redkikh knig) GAIO—Irkutsk District State Archive (Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Irkutstkoi oblasti), Irkutsk, Russia: Fond 24: Main Administration of Eastern Siberia (Glavnoe upmvlenie Vostochnoi Sibiři) 1822-1887 Fond 32: Irkutsk Provincial Administration {Irkutskoegubernskoe upravlenie) 18341917 Fond 137: Usť-Kutsk Saltworks (Ust -Kutskii solevarennyi zavod) 1840-1912 GARE—Russian Federation State Archive (Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii), Moscow, Russia: Fond 122: State Prison Administration under the Ministry of Justice ( GTU pri MIu) 1879-1917 OIAK—Society for the Study of the Amur Territory (Obshchestvo izuchenii Amurskogo kraid), Vladivostok, Russia: No. 1598: Collection of Official Data on Amur Territory, Volume 1 (Sbomik ofitsial nykh svedenii ob Amurskom krae, Тот Г) RGB—Russian State Library (Rossiiskaia gosudarstvennaia biblioteka), Moscow, Russia: Books Museum (Muzei knigi) © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 A.A. Gentes, The Mass Deportation of Poks to Siberia, 1863-1880, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-60958-4 241
242 BIBLIOGRAPHY RGIA DV—Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East (Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkbiv Dal’nego Vostoka), Vladivostok, Russia: Fond 701: Main Administration of Eastern Siberia, City of Irkutsk (Glavnoe upravlenie Vostochnoi Sibiřig. Irkutsk) 1858-1903 Published Archival Collections Dikovskaia-Iakimova, A., and V. Pleskov, eds. Kara і drußie tiur my nerchinskoi katorßi: Sborník vospominanii, dokumentov i materialov. Moskva, 1927. Goriushkin, L. M., ed. Politicheskaia ssylka v Sibiři. Nerchinskaia katorßa. Tom I. Novosibirsk, 1993. Matkhanova, N.P., ed. Graf N.N. Murav ev-Amurskii v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov. Novosibirsk, 1998. Pope Pius IX, Levate on the Afflictions of Church [sic] October 27, 1867. (http:// www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius09/p91evate.htm). “1863-1864 Uprising in Belarus” http//archives.gov. by/eng/index.php?id= 643796. This site collates documents from the following sources: • Dakumenty і materyialy pa gistoryi Betarusi, T. II (Minsk, 1940) (A published collection of archival documents from the erstwhile LOTsIA—Leningrad Division of the Central Historical Archive [Leningradskoe otdelenie Tsentral nogo istoricheskogo arkhiva], which existed from 1929 to 1934 and was then split into four separate entities.) • NIAB—National Historical Archive of Belarus (Natsional nyi istoricheskii arkhiv Betarusi) • Povstancheskoe dvizhenie v Grodnenskoigubernii 1863-1864gg. Brest, 2006. • Vosstanie v Litve i Belorussii 1863-1864gg. Moskva, 1965. Journals and Clearfield Republican (Clearfield, PA) Daily Dispatch (Richmond, VA) Daily
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Index a Absolute, The, 43 Administrative council, 39 Agricultural Society, 46-51 Akarni mine, 153 Aleksandrovsk Zavod, 118, 153, 155, 162, 172, 181, 192, 193, 197, 198 Alexander I, 30, 39, 105 Alexander II, 1-10, 63-69, 75, 76, 86, 92, 106, 204, 210, 234 amnesty, 168 attempt for constitutional monarchy, 1-3 attitude towards subjects, 50-52 concessions by, 44-47, 55-57 emancipation of serfs, 5, 46, 47 first amnesty, 80 Great Reforms, 9, 10 lack of coherent policy, 101 police state, 7-13 Alexander III, 9 Altai, 25 American Civil War, 6 Amnesties, 200, 211-213, 218, 221, 224 Amur Territory, 157 Anarchism, 2 Antisemitism, 46 Appleton, John, 49 Arkhangel Province, 7 Assad regime, 13 Autocracy, 2, 3, 13, 28, 30, 83, 129 fight against, 235 international reputation of, 215 punitive power, 108 suppression, 234 use of Siberia, 233 Autocrat, 11 ceaseless demands, 24 Russian, 22 state, 21, 22 Autocratic authority, 5, 83 Autocratic power, 21, 32 Autocratic strategies, 13 Autonomy, 39 Awakening, The, 55 В Baikal Circle-Road, 162, 185 Baikal Circle-Road Revolt, 140, 177, 184,187-193 consequences, 191-195 Baraba Steppe, 26, 27, 29, 32 Bashkirs, 107 Battle of Krzywosadz, 66 Battle ofMishikha, 188 Belarusians, 85 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 A A. Gentes, The Mass Deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-60958-4 251
252 INDEX Belitski, Franz, 81 Berg, Fedor, 65, 220 Bialobrzeski, Antoni, 53, 54 Blaszczynski, Konrad, 61 Bobrinski, Vladimir, 84 Bobrowski, Stefan, 66 Bolshevik coup, 10 Bond program, 145 Bourdieu, Pierre, 191 Brodiaci, 20 Bureaucracy hampered, 5 Siberian, 2, 199 systematization of, 204 wheels, 158 Bureaucratic fatigue, 199 C Capitalism, 10 Catherine the Great, 20, 25-29, 105 Catholic church, 85, 210 Catholic clergy, 52, 67, 210 Caucasus, 7 Celiński, Narcyz, 177, 188-190 Central Committee, 61 Certeau, Michel de, 191 Cessation of state subsidies, 5 Chaadaev, Pëtr, 208 Chauvinistic policies, 83 Chmielenski, Ignacy, 54, 56, 60 Christians, 50, 51 Circassians, 4 Circle of God’s Cause, 43 Civil disturbance, 51 Cold War, 10 Colonization scheme, 29 Commission on Religion and Education, 51 Committee of Eleven, 58 Committee of Ministers, 82, 83, 90, 94 Common laborers, 153 Commoners, 94 administratively-exiled allowed to repatriate, 214 sentenced to katorga, 153 Commonwealth of Poland, The, 37 Communist Party, 13 Communists, 10 Confiscations, 87, 88 Congress of Vienna, 39 Congress Poland, 39, 41, 44-46, 50, 56, 65, 70, 78, 79 Conspiracy, 41, 77, 113, 191, 178 ideological, 187 Land and Liberty, 56 political, 188, 190 Constitutional monarchy, 1, 5 Convicts, 27 deported to resettlement, 94 Siberian bureaucracy, 106 Siberia’s administrators, 107 Cossack garrisons, 24 Cossacks, 18, 19, 107 Costs Eniseisk Province, 206, 207 Irkutsk Province, 206, 207 Nerchinsk Mining Administration, 206, 207 Polish exiles’ stipends, 205 surveilling political exiles, 206 Transbaikalia District, 206
Troitskii Saltworks, 206 Court-martial, 190 Crimean War, 3, 6, 44 D Dąbrowski, Jarosław, 54-57 Daniłowski, Władysław, 54 Death penalty, 190 Decembrist Uprising, 67, 105, 211
INDEX Decembrists, 75, 153 Deikhman, Oskar, 82 Demographic fluidity, 6 Deportation by administrative procedure, 26 early months, 102 enormity, 103 expanded scope, 117 followed January Uprising, 106 height, 102, 121 process systematized, 108 rates, 85, 93 reverberating effect, 88 role in spurring telegraph extension, 118 Deportees, 2, 7, 30 allowed to return to Congress Poland, 213 as colonists, 93 convicted by courts of criminal offences, 31 female, 105 from the Kingdom of Poland, 70 male, 105 Polish foisted upon Siberian peasantry, 134 sub-categories, 130 transform into peasants, 33 Despot-Zenovich, Aleksandr Ivanovich, 80-82 Diplomatic pressure, 210 Directory, The, 54 Dissidents, 76,104 Dobrovol nye, 105 Dobrovol tsy, 130 Dolgorukov, Vladimir, 89, 94 Dostoevskii, Fedor, 3, 4, 6, 114 Drygas, Ignacy, 64, 65, 79, 88, 108-114, 137, 138, 216-218, 231, 232 253 Duchy of Warsaw, 37, 63 Diugamel, Aleksandr, 89, 90 Durkheim, Émile, 233 Dvorianin, 86 Dvorianstvo, 39 Dyrberg, Torben Bech, 191 E Eastern Europe, 232 Emancipation arrangement, 6 Emperor Paul, 28, 30 Empress Anna Ivanovna, 25 Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, 25, 26,28 Eniseisk, 25 Eniseisk Province, 79, 103, 129 Enlightenment, 11, 42 Enserfment, 19, 37 Ethnic cleansing, 19, 104 Ethnic groups, 85 Ethnic Russians, 19, 86 Ethnic Ukrainians, 19 European national movements, 42 Executions, 189 Exile administrative, 8, 26 authority, 7 beginning of, 19 central role, 17 increasing use of, 7 journey, 108 judicial, 8 land of, 21 march, 108 obshchestva, 8 Polish conspiracies, 183 political in Western Siberia, 130 pre-Soviet Siberian, 17,
23 reactive use of, 31 rebellion, 184
254 INDEX Exile (cont.) resettlement, 130 settlements, 30-32 settlers, 7, 32, 130, 145 Siberian, 18, 22, 76, 129 system, 8, 18, 101, 110, 170, 233 temporary, 134 to residence, !33, 134 to settlement, 130 uprising, 177 use as social cleansing mechanism, 31 used to colonize Siberia, 31 Exiled Skoptsy, 122 Exiles administration of, 2 administrative, 78, 119 agricultural settlements, 29 bonded, 144 categories, 118 criminal, 119 Crown’s reliance upon, 27, 28 destined for Siberia, 119 escaped, 181 as food producers, 25 former, 27, 28, 137 in Ilimsk district, 20 in transfer prisons, 157 Irkutsk, 28 killed themselves, 225 non-political, 101 participated in revolt, 189 peasants, 18 Polish, 75-77, 80-82, 90,102,104, 110, 114, 117, 184, 204, 212-215, 220-225, 235; acts of resistance, 177; conditions improved, 191; insubordination, 184; massive uprising, 189; political, 82; in private goldmining, 145; repatriated, 75, 221; repatriation of, 214, 220 Exiles (cont.) sense of human rights, 191; settlement restrictions, 141; strikes, 184; transported by conveyances, 116; uneven distribution, 206; work on Great Siberian road, 90 political, 18, 103,104, 116, 117, 154-158, 161-167,170, 179; allowed to return, 219; attitude towards, 164; divided into groups, 158; escorted, 110; forced to march, 111; guards, 155; locating, 121; nonprivileged, 166; sentenced to katorga, 157; sympathizing, 190; transported separately, 110; with longest katorga terms, 162 relocated, 122 self-identified as socialists, 223 the Urals, 31 to support naval expedition, 25 transfer, 141 transform into peasants, 31
treatment of, 18 unaccompanied young men, 105 Exile-settlers, 137, 168 Eniseisk Province, 163 from Western Provinces, 116 missing, 199 Polish absent “by ticket”, 143 status, 213 Exilic agricultural settlements, 25 Exilic authority, 26 F February killings, 51 Feudalist economy, 3 Fijałkowski, Archbishop, 49, 52, 53 Finns, 4 Forced colonists, 30
INDEX Forced migration, 79 Forced settlement, 81, 132 Forced settlers, 27, 92, 130 Foreigners eligible for repatriation, 216-218 Fortress peasants, 30 Foucault, Michel, 191 French Revolution, 42 G Georgians, 4, 67 Germans, 4 Gershtentsveig, Aleksandr, 53, 54 Giller, Agaton, 66 Glasnost, 5 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 5 Gorchakov, Mikhail, 45, 48-53 Governing Council of Western Siberia, 90 Government censorship, 190 funds, 145 imperial, 32 loans, 3 reforms, 13 Russia’s natural form of, 10 Great Northern Expedition, 25 Great Reforms, 5, 10, 209 Great Russians, 4 Great Siberian Road, 26, 27, 90 Guerilla tactics, 62 Guliashchie lindi, 20 GUVS, 116, 120, 121, 139, 154, 162, 171, 204, 206-208, 216 GUZS, 8, 119, 120, 139, 141, 204 H Hapsburg Empire, 58 Hoene-Wronski, Joseph Maria, 43 House of Romanov, 17, 32 255 Human rights, 192, 236 Hussein, Saddam, 13 I Iakubovich, Pëtr, 159, 160 Iakutiia, 133 Iasak, 18, 21 Illegal political parties, 178 Imperial Treasury, 6 Insurgents, 61, 62, 177, 197,199 Insurrection military, 61 spread to Western provinces, 62 support, 62, 70 suppression, 65 szlachta joined, 63 as veritable religious war, 64 Insurrectionists administratively deported, 91, 213 alternatives for dealing with, 33 arrived in Siberia, 103 assigned as colonists, 122 assigned to countryside, 139 assigned to remote regions, 223 autocracy and, 151 completed labor terms, 163 condemned to katorga, 162 conspirators, 184 convicted by courts, 104 decimation of, 171 departure form Siberia, 218 deported through administrative measures, 104, 111 deported, 84, 85, 101 died in exile, 224 earn a living,
135 eligible for repatriation, 214, 221 escaped, 179 exiled, 80, 81, 101, 132; conspiratorial activities, 178; from non-privileged
256 INDEX backgrounds, 166; gold-mining industry and, 145; mikst, 211; to katorga, 132; to residence, 132; to setdement, 132 first arrivals in Siberia, 106 foreign exiled, 215 foreign restored privileges, 215 from foreign countries, 122 from privileged estates, 133 fiigitive, 179, 181, 182 held by the Ministry of war, 91 influential, 153 laboring in Akatui and Kadaia mines, 162 large proportion in fortress katorga, 89 leading, 110 listed as absent “by ticket”, 142 married local women, 144 penal labor, 151 relatives, 102 released from katorga, 199 revolutionaries, 184 Romantics, 184 saved from deportation, 102 seed money to start farms, 136 sentenced to compulsory settlement, 152 sentenced to katorga, 89, 151, 152, 157, 161, 186, 203 social heterogeneity, 154 solicitude towards, 82 total numbers deported to Siberia, 103 transferred, 142 transform into settlers, 203 travel for work, 142 Western Siberia administratively deported to resettlement, 131 Western Siberia, 131 young, 132 Intermarriage, 222 Investigatory committees, 94 Investigatory tribunal, 188, 189 Irkutsk, 134 Exile Bureau, 155 province, 7, 30 provincial administration, 171 Saltworks, 105, 155, 186 Ivan the Terrible, 17 J Jankowski, Michal, 222 January Uprising, 8,12, 37,42-47, 68, 75, 77, 92, 178 consequence, 69, 232-236 finished, 70 ideas and, 42 Jewish leaders, 54 Jews, 4, 51, 56 К Kadaia mine, 153 Kara goldfields, 198 Katorga administering, 156 administrative reorganization, 198 completed terms, 134 conditions, 164 exilic community, 165 families, 161 fortress, 88-90 labor, 169 mining, 88-90 political
administration, 158 Siberia, 105 Sites, 107, 160, 170, 198, 154 terms, 89, 106, 110, 152, 168 transfer the institution to Sakhalin, 198 types, 88 zavod, 88-90,162
INDEX Katorzhnye, 23 Kazakhs, 4, 26, 77 Kazan Circle, 113, 233 Kingdom of Poland, 41,45, 51, 57,61, 63 courts, 75 formation of, 39 Kirgiz, 4 Knoblokh, Adol f, 194, 195 Knox, Thomas, 142 Konstantin, Viceroy, 56, 57, 65, 69 Korsakov, Mikhail, 118,121-123,151, 156, 159, 170, 172, 181, 185-190, 206, 208 Krasnoïarsk, 134 Kraszewski, Jozef Ignacy, 46 Križanič, Juraj, 22 Kronshtadt Fortress, 91 Kropotkin, Pëtr, 1-3, 10, 78, 83, 84, 101, 103, 107, 109, 111, 166, 186-191 Krzyżanowski, Seweryn, 105 Kurowski, Apolinary, 61 L Lambert, Karl, 53, 54 Land and Liberty, 55 Land reform, 46, 47, 50 Landed gentry, 46 Landed nobility, 3, 5 Landowners, 46 Langiewicz, Marian, 61, 66 Ledyard, John, 28 Legal consciousness, 11 Legal framework, 139 Lerkhe, German G., 81, 82 Lewandowski, Walery, 61 Liberal agenda, 9, 13 Liberal ideals, 9 Lithuanians, 12, 85 257 M Magna Carta, 21 Majewski, Karol, 47-49, 54 Maladministration, 171 Malfeasance, 171 Malnutrition, 139, 171 March-route, 110, 114-117, 226 Poles hospitalized, 115 through Western Siberia, 116 Martyrological politics, 44, 47 Marxism, 178 Mass deportation autocracy and, 134 burden on Siberia, 211 costs, 186, 187 critical years, 118 managing, 111 nature of, 235 of Poles, 2, 8, 9, 17, 19, 31, 32, 68, 79, 83, 105, 129, 232-235, 236 of Polish insurrectionists, 17, 82 Mass executions, 234 Massacre, 52-54, 64 Meshchanstva, 7, 8, 78 Messianic national role, 44 Mickiewicz, Adam, 43 Mierosławski, Ludwik, 60, 61, 66 Military conscription, 57 Military courts, 92, 93, 122 Military government Transbaikalia, 156 Military justice, 122 Miliutin, Dmitrii, 158
Milost, 211 Mining Administration, 156, 157, 159 Mining prison, 110 Ministry of Finance, 90, 157, 164 Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), 7, 9, 27, 83, 92, 140, 156, 205, 207, 213-215, 220-222 administering the exile system, 107 Ministry of State Domains, 86, 87
258 INDEX Ministry of War, 90, 91 Minusinsk District, 143 Modernization paradigm, 10 Mortality rates, 114, 116, 223, 225 Murav ëv, Mikhail, 67-69, 80, 83-86, 92-94, 129, 234 Muscovite Era, 17-22 Muscovy, 105 Mutineers, 92, 104, 111, 154, 211 Mutual aid society, 123, 165 N Na poruchitd stvo, 144 Napoleon III, 1, 63, 234 Napoleonic wars, 37 National Committee, 55, 56, 58 National self-consciousness, 37, 41,209 National self-determination, 235 Nerchinsk, 118 mines, 107 Mining Administration, 123 Mining District, 29, 82, 154-157 závody, 154, 155 Nicholas I, 31, 39, 75, 77, 105, 107, 111 Nicholas II, 1 Niedzinski, Jozef, 166 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 44, 233, 235 November Uprising, 13, 39-42,46—48, 55, 59, 75, 105 Nowakowski, Karol, 52, 76, 77 О Obshchestva, 7, 8, 78 Ogryzko, Iosifat, 192, 193 Old Believers, 28, 131 P Pacification, 13 Pacification techniques, 69 Padlewski, Zygmunt, 58, 59 Paskevich, Ivan F., 45 Peace courts, 5 Peasant uprising, 177 Penal administration, 91 Penal battalions, 91 Penal laborers, 23, 90,110, 143,151, 152, 159 Aleksandrovsk Zavod, 197, 198 assigned to Western Siberia, 114 criminal, 160, 166 elderly and disabled, 198 Polish, 153,157, 158; assigned to Kirensk, 170, 171; assigned to Transbaikalia, 162; cheap labor force, 185 political, 105, 153; assigned to Kara, 199 assigned to Nerchinsk District, 156 Penal system, 107, 203 Penology, 24 Perestroika՝■, 5 Perevedentsy, 19, 20 Peter the Great, 29 Petersburg Era, 17, 23, 25-33 Petitions, 139-141 Petrovsk Ironworks, 155 Physiocracy, 29 Podlias e, 61 Poland independent, 54 Russian occupation, 80 serf
emancipation in, 37 territorial integrity, 234 Poles, 4, 12, 54, 63 allowed to leave Siberia, 212 assigned to hard labor, 155 assigned to Kultuk, 188 died attempting to repatriate, 226 exiled under Nicholas I, 165 highly educated, 143
INDEX in Siberian exile, 42 relocated, 141 resistance, 179-182 rights distinct from criminal convicts, 183 sentenced to katorga, 185 Western Provinces, 85 Police practices, 13 Police reforms, 13 Police state, 8, 77, 78, 83, 236. See also Polizeistaat Polish Democratic Society, 42 Polish deportation impact, 233 Polish deportees, 88, 129, 134, 225 hospitalization rates, 116, 117 Polish exiled population gender comparison, 104 Polish exiles’ destinations, 143 Polish insurrection, 1, 110 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 42, 85 Polish nobility, 39, 44, 49, 59. See ako Szlachta Polish patriotic movement, 41 Polish patriotism, 42 Polish patriots, 59 Polish prisoners, 108, 154 Polish radicals, 75 Polish revolutionaries, 178 Polish Romanticism, 60 Polish State Council, 51 Polish Uprising, 1, 2, 8,13, 67 Political crimes, 75, 76 Political criminals, 77, 144, 153, 156, 169, 199 assigned to hard labor, 170 assigned to Siberian saltworks, 164 assigned to state factories, 156 guarding, 158 sentenced to katorga, 162 social origins, 152 Political crisis, 58 259 Political dissidents, 9 Political exiles, 154 Political prisoners, 193 confinement of, 171 exiled to Eastern Siberia, 120 sentences, 200 social origins, 163 Polizeistaat, 1, 12, 236 Polizeiwissenschaft, 11, 12 Poseľshchik, 26, 27 Poseleniia, 25, 28, 29, ЗО Post-Mao China, 13 Potapov, Aleksandr, 215 Potocki, Tomasz, 48 Priests, 166, 210 Primary Chronicle, 11 Prisoners hospitalized, 116, 205 political, 102 rights of state peasants and, 213 Prisons specially-built, 199 Promyshlenniki, 20 Provisional National Government, 61, 62, 66
Prussia, 58 Pushkin, Aleksandr, 41 R Rebellion, 24, 59, 183, 190 Akarni, 192, 193 Amchinsk mine, 195 prisoner, 177 Pugachev, 27 putting down, 62, 63, 67 Rechtsstaat, 11 Reconciliation of Poles and Russians, 43 Reds, The, 47, 49, 52, 55-58, 61, 66 moderate, 60, 66 extreme, 60 Reforms administrative, 5
260 INDEX Reforms {cont.) conservative, 9 liberal, 2 Siberian Committee and, 85 systematized the exile system, 85 Regional governors, 94 Rep/lamentstaat, 12 Riedel, Felix, 81 Repatriation disorder, 221 financial costs, 204 insurrectionists from privileged classes, 222 international opinion and, 208 limited, 214 suspended, 215 Returnees, 220 Revolutionaries, 47, 191, 224 Revolutionary government, 60 Revolutionary movements, 104 Roma, 4 Roman Catholicism, 42, 63 Romantic ideal, 224 Romanticism, 41, 44, 61, 63, 232 Romer, Seweryn, 80 Ruprecht, Karol, 66, 67 Rural administration, 7 Rural associations, 26 Rurikid dynasty, 2 Rus, 11 Russia, 2, 22 Emancipation Commission, 46, 47 international condemnation, 204 literati, 209 serf emancipation of, 50 Russian criminal code, 75 Russian governance, 11 Russian nobility. See Dvorianstvo Russian Realpolitik, 44 Russians, 3, 53, 54 Russification, 39, 41, 88 S Sakhalin penal colony, 9 Sequestration of properties, 68, 87 Serf emancipation, 5, 46, 68, 82 Serf owners, 5, 7, 8 Serfdom, 3, 7, 27, 44 Serfs emancipation, 5, 209 Service-state ethos, 18 Settlements. See ако Poseleniia agricultural, 29 Eniseisk, 32 exile, 30-32 exilic, 25, 30, 31 penal, 30 proactive, 30 reactive, 30 separate, 32 Shelashnikov, Konstantin, 117-119, 156-158, 170, 172, 181-185, 187, 192-195, 208 Siberia, 2, 7, 8, 13, 18, 31, 67 administratively-united, 30 bureaucracy, 122 colonizing with exiles, 29, 30 Eastern, 89 exile population, 106 exile system, 235 meagre medical facilities, 117 mines, 145 police apparatus, 77 positive view, 138 russifying, 26 saltworks, 164
transformation, 27 Western, 103 Siberia Committee, The, 85 Siberian peasantry, 19 Siberian pestilence, 138 Siberian Reforms, 108 Sibir Khanate, 18 Sibiriaki, 20
INDEX Skomiakov-Pisarev, Grigoril, 25 Słowacki, Juliusz, 43 Society of Usoľe Exiles, 165 Sonderwe¿г, 9 Soslovie, 12, 21 Soviet Union, 5, 10 Speranskii, Mikhail, 108, 119 Ssyl nye, 20 Stalinism, 10, 13 Stalinist Gulag, 23 State anthropomorphized, 22 crime, 77 criminals, 104, 199 institutions, 12 policy, 28 Stipends families of exiled Polish noblemen, 212 food, 101,102,108,116,155,170, 171,187, 195, 212, 219 government, 138, 145, 198, 205, 208, 212 subsistence, 203 withholding, 102 Stroganov family, 18 Surveillance, 75, 76, 122, 140 Szaramowicz, Gustaw, 177, 188-190 Szlachta, 39, 42, 54, 55, 62, 67, 86 belief, 44 commoners and, 46 deported, 120 exiled administratively, 94 plans to wipe out, 51 political prisoners and, 45 power, 41 T Tatars, 4 Tax levy, 6 Taxes, 3,46,58,86,107,206,207,214 261 Territorial expansion, 19 The Romanovs, 4, 32, 33 Tickets of leave, 144 Tobol sk, 31, 134 Exile Office, 6, 103, 119 prison, 6, 115 Province, 79, 80,103,121, 135, 142, 212, 214, 221 TobPS, 6, 103, 114,119-121, 157, 169,198 bureaucrats, 121 Exile bureaus, 119 Tomsk District, 19 Tomsk Province, 79, 81, 84,103, 129, 135, 136, 140 Towianski, Andrzej, 43 Transbaikalia, 2, 24, 28-30, 76-78, 118, 154 Transfer problems, 194 Transferees, 142, 144 Transfers, 142 Treaty of Nerchinsk, 4 Treaty of Paris, 4 Tsarism, 10 opponents, 224 overthrow, 55 struggle with, 188 Tsar-Liberator, 10, 211 U Übermenschen, 44 Ukase, 49, 56, 183 Ukrainians, 4, 85 Ulozhenie, 21, 22 Union of the Polish People, 106 Uprising by Tatars and Poles, 113 Urban communal associations, 7, 26 Usol e, 161, 164-170, 198. See also
Irkutsk Saltworks Usť-Kutsk Saltworks, 162, 167, 193 Utopianism, 11
262 rNDEX V Valuev, Pëtr, 82, 83, 88-92, 101, 102, 220 Village communal associations, 7 Volynia Province, 37, 62, 106, 152, 209 Votchina, 29 russification of, 88 Western reforms, 83, 234 Whites, The, 47, 56, 57, 63, 66, 68 extreme, 59 moderate, 59 Wielopolski, Aleksander Ignacy JanKanty, 48-58 Województwa, 39 Wygodowski, Pawel, 77 W Wages, 141, 143, 144 Waszkowski, Aleksander, 70 Way-stations, 107, 108, 186, 226 Western Committee, 83, 84 Western democracies, 9 Western Europe, 28 Western European legal systems, 21 Western norms, 9 Western Provinces, 37, 39, 41, 44, 65, 68, 70 rid of Poles, 86 Z Zakrzewski, Ignacy, 76, 77 Zamoyski, Andrzej, 48, 49, 51, 60 Závody, 29 made of wood, 161 prison, 161 state-owned, 161 Zelenoi, Aleksandr, 82, 83, 84, 87, 94 Zyberg-Plater, Leon, 68 *N Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ŕ ШпаҺап і
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| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Gentes, Andrew Armand 1964- |
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| author_facet | Gentes, Andrew Armand 1964- |
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| author_sort | Gentes, Andrew Armand 1964- |
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| bvnumber | BV044718308 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1015834585 (DE-599)DNB113181472X |
| era | Geschichte 1863-1880 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1863-1880 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Sibirien (DE-588)4054780-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sibirien |
| id | DE-604.BV044718308 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T18:09:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783319609577 3319609572 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030114669 |
| oclc_num | 1015834585 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | xix, 262 Seiten Karten, Diagramm 22 cm x 16 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200114 |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Gentes, Andrew Armand 1964- The mass deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880 Polnischer Aufstand 1863-1864 (DE-588)4076207-5 gnd Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd Aufständischer (DE-588)4232148-7 gnd Verbannung (DE-588)4062616-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076207-5 (DE-588)4046497-0 (DE-588)4232148-7 (DE-588)4062616-7 (DE-588)4054780-2 |
| title | The mass deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880 |
| title_auth | The mass deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880 |
| title_exact_search | The mass deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880 |
| title_full | The mass deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880 Andrew A. Gentes |
| title_fullStr | The mass deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880 Andrew A. Gentes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mass deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880 Andrew A. Gentes |
| title_short | The mass deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880 |
| title_sort | the mass deportation of poles to siberia 1863 1880 |
| topic | Polnischer Aufstand 1863-1864 (DE-588)4076207-5 gnd Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd Aufständischer (DE-588)4232148-7 gnd Verbannung (DE-588)4062616-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Polnischer Aufstand 1863-1864 Polen Volk Aufständischer Verbannung Sibirien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030114669&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030114669&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030114669&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gentesandrewarmand themassdeportationofpolestosiberia18631880 |