Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands: mixed farming, water management and market integration in Laikipia, Kenya
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Hochschulschrift/Dissertation Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Heidelberg
Im Selbstverlag des Geographischen Instituts der Universität Heidelberg
2016
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Heidelberger geographische Arbeiten
Heft 135 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://d-nb.info/1113304057/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029933134&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | xviii, 154 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (überwiegend farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9783885701354 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands |b mixed farming, water management and market integration in Laikipia, Kenya |c by Anne Ulrich |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands
Autor: Ulrich, Anne
Jahr: 2016
CONTENT
KURZFASSUNG............................................................................................................... I
SUMMARY......................................................................................................................III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...............................................................................................V
CONTENT.......................................................................................................................VII
LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................XI
LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................ XIII
LIST OF MAPS .............................................................................................................XV
LIST OF PHOTOS........................................................................................................XVI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................XVII
1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1
2 THEORETICAL APPROACH: SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS ..............................5
2.1 The evolution of livelihood thinking....................................................................5
2.2 The sustainable livelihood framework....................................................................7
2.2.1 Livelihood assets.........................................................................................S
2.2.2 Vulnerability contexts, transforming structures and processes ...................9
2.2.3 Livelihood strategies and outcomes ..........................................................10
2.3 Critiques of the livelihood approach......................................................................12
2.4 A long-term perspective of livelihood dynamics ..................................................13
3 NATURAL RESOURCE POTENTIALS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC
TRANSITIONS IN LAIKIPA.....................................................................................17
3.1 Environmental conditions......................................................................................17
3.2 Land use change and socio-economic transitions..................................................21
3.3 Specific study sites and their agro-ecological potentail........................................24
4 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH: REPEAT SURVEYS AND
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH ...............................................................................31
4.1 Historical datasets: household surveys from the 1990s.........................................31
4.2 Contemporary datasets: evidence from 2010 and 2013.........................................32
5 A MEASURE OF RELATIVE WELL-BEING: DEVELOPMENT OF AN
ASSET-BASED INDEX ............................................................................................41
5.1 A holistic perspective on poverty: the asset-based index......................................41
5.2 Selection of well-being indicators.........................................................................42
viii
Content
5.3 Statistically derived asset indices..........................................................................45
5.3.1 An overview of statistical analytical techniques........................................45
5.3.2 Categorical principal component analysis.................................................46
5.3.3 Derived asset index for smallholders in Laikipia using catPCA...............47
5.4 Development of an asset index in Laikipia through a participatory process ........51
5.5 Exploring the results: A comparison between the statistically derived and the
participatory index.............................................................................................54
6 LIVELIHOOD DYNAMICS BETWEEN 1992 AND 2013 IN LAIKIPIA .................59
6.1 Small-scale farming in a semi-arid region.............................................................59
6.1.1 Land: the basis of rural livelihoods............................................................59
6.1.2 Rainfed agriculture under dynamic socio-ecological conditions...............61
Subsistence and cash-crop farming.........................................................61
Local perceptions on changing farming conditions ...............................62
6.1.3 Opportunities and constraints of livestock keeping ..................................65
6.1.4 The role of crop and livestock within a mixed farming system ................72
6.2 Diversification to off-farm activities......................................................................75
6.2.1 Off-farm alternatives.................................................................................75
6.2.2 Contributions of casual and permanent employment to livelihood
security......................................................................................................75
6.2.3 Off-farm opportunities in a changing job market......................................77
6.3 Dynamics in the education and health sector: implications for smallholders........81
6.3.1 Advances in education levels in Laikipia..................................................81
6.3.2 Local valuations of education: opportunities and constraints ...................82
6.3.3 Access to health services and persistent challenges...................................85
6.4 Investments in social networks, security and physical infrastructure ...................88
6.4.1 The role of community groups for livelihood security...............................88
6.4.2 Livestock theft and human-wildlife conflict .............................................90
6.4.3 Investments in housing, water facilities and other physical assets............91
6.5 Participatory water management in a water scarce environment..........................96
6.5.1 The formation of water resource user associations....................................96
6.5.2 Successes and challenges in community water management....................99
6.5.3 Smallholder experiences with community water projects: two case
stories.......................................................................................................105
6.6 An expanding horticulture industry: Assessing the implications for rural
livelihoods........................................................................................................109
6.6.1 Local perspectives on employment opportunities....................................109
6.6.2 Growing pressure on natural resources ...................................................11 ]
6.6.3 The impacts on society and the individual...............................................112
6.6.4 Overall challenges and opportunities for rural development ..................113
Content
ix
6.7 Poverty dynamics and changes in asset endowment...........................................115
6.7.1 Change and persistence in well-being from an aggregated and a
household perspective ............................................................................115
6.7.2 Asset portfolios: changes in their composition .......................................117
6.7.3 Correlation between asset endowment and ecological conditions...........120
7 CONSTRAINTS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR
DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS ....................................................................125
7.1 Poverty dynamics and lessons learned for poverty reduction measures .............125
7.2 Constraints for rainfed agriculture and the need for the upscaling of
sustainable land use practices...........................................................................126
7.3 Constraints for livestock keeping and respective intervention options................127
7.4 Integrating smallholders in agricultural markets and its Limitations...................128
7.5 Participatory water management, its potential and remaining challenges...........130
7.6 The role of off-farm activities and education for improved livelihood
outcomes...........................................................................................................133
7.7 Critical Reflections and future research needs.....................................................136
BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................................................................................139
|
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| isbn | 9783885701354 |
| language | English |
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| physical | xviii, 154 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (überwiegend farbig) |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Im Selbstverlag des Geographischen Instituts der Universität Heidelberg |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Heidelberger geographische Arbeiten |
| series2 | Heidelberger geographische Arbeiten |
| spellingShingle | Ulrich, Anne Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands mixed farming, water management and market integration in Laikipia, Kenya Heidelberger geographische Arbeiten Bewässerung (DE-588)4006306-9 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Lebensunterhalt (DE-588)4227908-2 gnd |
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| title | Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands mixed farming, water management and market integration in Laikipia, Kenya |
| title_auth | Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands mixed farming, water management and market integration in Laikipia, Kenya |
| title_exact_search | Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands mixed farming, water management and market integration in Laikipia, Kenya |
| title_full | Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands mixed farming, water management and market integration in Laikipia, Kenya by Anne Ulrich |
| title_fullStr | Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands mixed farming, water management and market integration in Laikipia, Kenya by Anne Ulrich |
| title_full_unstemmed | Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands mixed farming, water management and market integration in Laikipia, Kenya by Anne Ulrich |
| title_short | Livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands |
| title_sort | livelihood dynamics in tropical drylands mixed farming water management and market integration in laikipia kenya |
| title_sub | mixed farming, water management and market integration in Laikipia, Kenya |
| topic | Bewässerung (DE-588)4006306-9 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Lebensunterhalt (DE-588)4227908-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bewässerung Landwirtschaft Lebensunterhalt Kenia Distrikt Laikipia Hochschulschrift |
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