Vlaho-bulgari şi latini (1204-1218): aspecte militare ale luptei pentru supremaţie în Peninsula Balcanică
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CUPRINS
Prefaţă (Dr. Andreea Atanasiu-Croitoru).....................................7
Introducere................................................................10
Aspecte ale relaţiilor internaţionale sud-est europene de la cumpăna secolelor
XII-XIII............................................................10
Aspecte ale organizării militare a forţelor vlaho-bulgare şi latine.16
Metode de lucru 21
Capitolul 1
Debutul confruntărilor militare vlaho-bulgaro-latine. Ruperea echilibrului militar
(1204-1205).................................................................23
Ostilitatea vlaho-bulgaro-latină.....................................23
Campania vlaho-bulgaro-cumană din primăvara anului 1205. Bătălia de la
Adrianopolis.........................................................30
Capitolul 2
Sub semnul supremaţiei militare vlaho-bulgaro-cumane. Apogeul confruntărilor
vlaho-bulgaro-latine (1205-1207)..........................................61
Ofensiva antilatină vlaho-bulgaro-cumană din anul 1205.............61
Ofensiva vlaho-bulgaro-cumană din 1206 şi contraofensiva latină....79
Ofensiva antilatină vlaho-bulgaro-cumană din 1207..................95
Capitolul 3
Restabilirea echilibrului militar. Sfârşitul confruntărilor vlaho-bulgaro-latine
(1208-1211)..................................................................104
Campania vlaho-bulgaro-cumană şi contraofensiva latină din 1208. Bătălia de
la Philippopolis.....................................................104
Ultimele confruntări militare vlaho-bulgaro-latine 119
5
Capitolul 4
Vlaho-bulgari şi latini de la confruntare la colaborare....................133
Reglementarea raporturilor vlaho-bulgaro-latine.....................133
Colaborarea vlaho-bulgaro4atina.....................................140
Epilog....................................................................146
Abstract 148
Hărţi 152
9 ..........................................................-.........
1. Campaniile vlaho-bulgaro-cumană şi latine din martie-aprilie 1205.152
2. Campaniile vlaho-bulgaro-cumană şi latină din vara-toamna anului
1205 ...............................................................152
3. Campaniile vlaho-bulgaro-cumană şi latină din ianuarie-februarie
1206 ...............................................................153
4. Campaniile vlaho-bulgaro-cumană şi latină din primăvara-vara anului
1206 ...............................................................153
5. Campaniile vlaho-bulgaro-cumană şi latine din vara-toamna anului
1206.................................................................154
6. Campaniile vlaho-bulgaro-cumană şi latine din primăvara anului
1207 ...............................................................154
7. Asediul Thessalonikului (septembrie-octombrie 1207)...............155
8. Campaniile vlaho-bulgaro-cumană şi latină din vara anului 1208....155
Bibliografie................................................................156
Index. Personalităţi politice şi militare...................................169
Nota autorului 171
6
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ABSTRACT
THE VLAHO-BULGARIANS AND THE LATINS (1204-1218)
Military aspects of the battle for supremacy in the Balkan Peninsula
Introduction.The military confrontations between the Vlaho-Bulgarians
and the Latins are marked by two important moments: the battle of Adrianopolis
that ended with the victory of the Vlaho-Bulgarian-Cuman forces (April 14th 1205)
and the battle of Philippopolis which ended with the victory of the Latin forces
(July 31st 1208). The final era of the end of the 12th century and of the beginning of
the next century establishes a series of dramatically changes of the political map of
the South-Eastern European area, especially of the Balkan Peninsula. The
Byzantine Empire registers a general crisis through the decline of the central
power and through a continuously and pronounced administrative-territorial
dissolution. The deviation of the 4th crusade (1202-1204) under the influence of
Venice, would give the coupe the grace to Byzantium that was conquered by the
Latins (1204). In the fall of 1185, due to a general crisis of the Byzantine Empire, in
the region of the Haemus Mountains (Balkans), the Vlahs were generating an anti-
Byzantine riot led by the two brothers, Peter and Asan. The riot resultwas the
establishment, between the Balkans and the Danube, of the Vlaho-Bulgarian
Tzardom. State of ethnical collaboration, of the Vlahs and the Bulgarians, the
Vlaho-Bulgarian Tzardom grown in the Bulgarian and Byzantine state tradition.
The Latin conquest since 1204 had as a result the formation of the Latin Empire of
Constantinople and of other crusader states like the Latin Kingdom of
Thessaloniki. The Latins hostility, their refusal to recognize the possessions of Tzar
Ionita Asan and also his own political objectives which were on opposite sides
from those of the crusaders made the Vlaho-Bulgarian-Latin conflict to be
unavoidable.
Chapter 1. The beginning of the Vlaho-Bulgarian-Latin military
confrontations. The breakage of the military balance. (1204-1205). The years
1204-1205 mark, in the field of South-Eastern European international relations, the
beginning of a period of merciless military confrontations between the main
148
I
competitors to the rule of the Balkan Peninsula, the Vlaho-Bulgarian Tzardom and
the Latin Empire of Constantinople. The beginning of the Vlaho-Bulgarian-Latin
conflict was represented by the military confrontations from March-April 1205.
The victory of the Vlaho-Bulgarian-Cuman allies from Adrianopolis determined
the rupture of the military balance set up at the same time as the conquest of
Constantinople by the crusaders in 1204 and it ensured the Vlaho-Bulgarian
Tzardom the taking over of the military initiative in the relation with the Latins.
Under the reign of Tzar Ionita Asan the Vlaho-Bulgarian Tzardom becomes the
most important power from the Balkan Peninsula, a state with the ambition of an
empire. On February 25th 1205 Ionita Asan was being recognized by Pope
Innocentius III as „rex Bulgarorum et BalchorumThus, the Vlaho-Bulgarian
Tzardom was included in the Catholic commonwealth which was established by
the Roman Pope. Also, he offered his collaboration to the crusaders that arrived
and afterwards settled in Constantinople. In returned he asked for the recognition
of his possessions. His proposal had faced the brutal refusal and the hostility of
the crusade s leaders. The irreconcilable positions of both sides hadn t let open any
other way but the military one. In perspective of the conflict with the crusaders,
the Vlaho-Bulgarian tzar reacted first. He instigated to rebellious actions the
Greeks from Thrace and Macedonia whom were under western rule. The final
confrontation between the Vlaho-Bulgarians supported by the Cumans and the
Latins took place on April 14th 1205 at Adrianopolis. It ended in disaster for the
Latins. Many of them died in battle and Emperor Baudouin I, himself, was taken
prisoner.
Chapter 2. Under the badge of the Vlaho-Bulgarian military supremacy.
The apogee of the Vlaho-Bulgarian-Latin confrontations (1205-1207). The years
1205-1207 are found under the badge of the military supremacy of the Vlaho-
Bulgarian Tzardom in its relations with the Latins. The military initiative of Tzar
Ionita Asan allowed his to continuously attack the Latin possessions that were
found in the Balkan Peninsula. The war led by the tzar from Tarnovo ensured his
success. This situation repeated itself until the fall of 1207 when the Vlaho-
Bulgarian sovereign died. The absolute victory obtained at Adrianopolis ensured
Tzar Ionita Asan his taking over of all military initiative in his relations with the
149
Latins. The Vlaho-Bulgarian-Cuman campaigns since 1205, 1206 and 1207 had
hardly stroke the Latin Empire of Constantinople and the Latin Kingdom of
Thessaloniki, from Thrace and Macedonia. Even Marquis Bonifacio del
Monferrato himself, the sovereign of the Latin Kingdom of Thessaloniki would
lose his life in the battles against the Vlaho-Bulgarians and the Cumans (1207). The
Latin Emperor of Constantinople, Henry I, fought back through two
counteroffensives in 1205 and 1206. In 1205 he brought order to the Greek cities
from Thrace and Macedonia. In 1206 this action he even targeted the territories of
the Vlaho-Bulgarian Tzardom but after some success he was stopped in Stara
Planina Mountain passes. The Latin counterstrike wasn t able to take over the
military initiative which will remain in IonitàAsan hands until his death on
October 8th 1207 during the siege of Thessaloniki.
Chapter 3.The recovery of the military balance. The end of the Vlaho-
Bulgarian-Latin confrontations (1208-1211). The period 1208-1211 marks the end
of the Vlaho-Bulgarian-Latin military confrontations. The Latin victory from
Philippopolis determined the recovery of the military balance that was broken in
1205. Even if it hadn t lost the military initiative in the relations with the Latins,
the repeated failures registered by the Vlaho-Bulgarian offensive in the
confrontations with the Latins showed that the Vlaho-Bulgarian state reached the
limits of its military power. The conflicting state between the Vlaho-Bulgarian
Tzardom and the crusaders was inherited by Ionita s nephew, Borii Asan. As a
result, Borii firmly followed the political line drawn by Ionita Asan, during the
first half of his reign. The new tzar would maintain the military initiative in his
relations with the Latins. In the spring of 1208 the Vlaho-Bulgarian-Cuman forces
led by Borii were showing up in Thrace. The Latin counteroffensive was stopped
by the Vlaho-Bulgarians in the Balkan Mountain passes. The crucial confrontation
with Emperor Henry I forces took place at Philippopolis and ended in Latin
victory (July 31st 1208). The spring of 1211 brings the second Vlaho-Bulgarian-
Nicene alliance, joined by Michael I Comnenos Doukas, the Prince of Epirus and
Sebastokrator Strez of Macedonia. Also, in the spring of 1211 the tzar from
Tâmovo begins the offensive and renews the military actions against them. The
Latin counteroffensive has no result because the Vlaho-Bulgarian-Cuman allies
150
I
refused the military confrontation with the crusading forces and the retreated.
Other two Vlaho-Bulgarian campaigns against the Latin Kingdom of Thessaloniki
were annihilated by the Latins. One took place in the spring of 1211 under the
command of Strez and the other took place in October same year and was under
Boril s command.
Chapter 4.The Vlaho-Bulgarians and the Latins, from conflict to
collaboration (1213/1214-1218). The second half of Boril s rule range between
1213/1214 and 1218 registers major changes in the Vlaho-Bulgarian-Latin relations.
Until 1213/1214 these relations were tensioned, without any other confrontations
as vast as those from 1205-1208 to be registered in the military field. After
1213/1214 against the regulations of the political relations between the Bulgarian
Tzardom and the powers of the crusade, we also attend to a military collaboration
between the parties that until then were in conflict. The twists and turns from the
political scene of the South-Eastern European and micro-Asian areal placed the
Vlaho-Bulgarian Tzardom in a difficult situation. Isolated and without any allies it
was surrounded by a circle of enemies: the Latin Empire of Constantinople in
South, the Kingdom of Hungary in North-West and Serbia in West. In the context
of the hostile manifestation of the international political scenery, Boril saw himself
forced to reach a regulation of the relations with the Catholic powers. In these
conditions, at the end of 1213 or at the beginning of 1214, the peace between the
Latin Empire of Constantinople and the Vlaho-Bulgarian Tzardom was concluded.
Shortly after peace was made with the Latin Empire of Constantinople the Vlaho-
Bulgarian Tzardom also made peace with Hungary. The moment of its realization
was differently dated by the historians, somewhere between 1211 and 121. The last
year of the range is most likely the one. Based on the alliance, in 1214 Henry I and
Boril attacked Serbia. Allies objective was to conquer the city of Niš. The
misunderstandings that occurred between the allies made the action against Serbia
to fail. Caught in internal affairs the tzar from Tamovo will not participate in this
kind of actions anymore.
151
INDEX
Personalităţi politice şi militare
A
Alexios III Angelos: 12,24.
Alexios Slav: vezi Slav.
André d Uboise: 81.
Andrei H: 127-129,139-142,144-145.
Anseau de Courcelle: 55-57.
Anseau de Cayeux: 78,86,88,90,96, 98,112.
Asan: 11, 75,124,148.
Aspietes, Alexios: 76.
B
Baudouin 1:14, 23, 26, 28,31-34, 36, 39, 43,45-
50,52,65, 77,133,149,152.
Baudouin II: 123.
Baudouin (fais): 66.
Baudouin de Beauvoir: 88-89.
Baudouin de Neuville: 52.
Bêla IV: 127,139,141-142.
Benedictus: 87.
Berthold de Katzenelbogen: 130-131.
Bliaud, Jean: 65,98.
Bonifacio del Monferrato: 15,25-26, 28, 64, 66,
71-72, 74-75, 94,98-99,138,146,150,154.
Boril Asan: 104-112,115-126,130-145,150-151,
155.
Branas, Theodoros: 77, 79, 83-86,90-91.
Brancaleoni, Leon: 13.
C
Caloian, vezi Ionitâ Asan.
Charles de Frêne: 81.
Chomatenos, Demetrios: 30.
Conon de Béthune: 58, 88,90,98,122.
D
Dándolo, Enrico: 32,34,39,49,53-54,58.
Demetrios: 99,120.
Dreux de Beaurain: 89.
E
Étienne du Perche: 47, 52.
Etzysmenos: 71-72.
Eudes de Ham: 57.
Eustache de Hainaut: 93, 96, 98,119,122, 130-
131.
Eustache de Heumont: 52.
F
Ferry d Yerres : 52.
Friedrich I Barbarossa: 12.
G
Gautier d Escomai: 88,98.
Gautier de Neuilly: 52.
Geoffroy de Villehardouin: 16-18, 20, 26-28,
31-36, 38-47, 50-55, 57-59, 61, 64-70, 72-90, 93-
97,113-116,152.
Geoffroy de Villehardouin (nepot): 121.
Gerardo: 57.
Godefried: 77,82, 92.
Gregorius IX: 127.
Guban: 142.
Guillaume d Arles : 72.
Guillaume de Gommegnies: 89.
Guillaume de Perchoi: 90,114.
H
Hector: 138-139.
Henri I: 27-29, 31-32, 36, 55-57, 60, 65, 67-70,
77, 79, 82-83, 85-98,106-107,109,111-113,117-
122, 125-126, 131-137, 139-141, 143-144, 146,
150-155.
Honorius III: 128-129
Hugues de Beaumetz: 88-89.
Hugues de Coligny: 72-73.
I
Iacobus de Preneste: 127.
Ioachim: 141-144.
loan Asan II: 119, 123-124, 137, 139, 143-145,
147.
Ioannes III Vatatzes Doukas: 147.
169
Ioannes X Kamateros: 30.
Ionitä Asan: 11-13, 15-18, 20, 23-31, 34, 36-37,
40-45, 48-49, 52-55, 58-61, 63-66, 69, 71-80, 82-
93, 95-103,134, 138, 140, 148-150; 152-155.
Innocentius ni: 13, 15, 23-24, 26-27, 29, 36, 63,
65, 67,107,117-118,123,125,139,149.
Isaak II Angelos: 11,15,138.
J
Jean de Choisy: 81.
Jean de Friaize: 52.
Jean de Heumont: 52.
Jean de Maseroles: 57.
Jean d Yerres: 52.
K
Kaloyan (Kalojoannes, Kaloiannes), vezi
Ionitä Asan.
Karaz: 142.
Kaykhusraw I: 64.
Kotzas: 18,45.
Kubat: vezi Guban.
L
Lienard de Helesmes: 106, 114.
Louis de Blois: 32-34, 39, 42, 45-50, 52.
M
Macaire de Sainte-Menehould: 32-33, 82, 86,
88, 90, 93.
Manassier de l Isle: 33,43-44, 50-51.
Manastras: 18,101-103,155.
Manuel I Comnenos: 10.
Maria-Margaretha de Ungaria: 71-72, 99, 120,
138.
Mathieu de Walincourt: 32-33, 52.
Mihail I Comnenos Doukas: 120, 125, 130,
133,150.
Milon le Brebant: 88, 90,114,116.
N
Neveion de Soissons: 65.
Nicolas de Maiily: 65,113-114,116.
O
Oberto de Biandrate: 120.
Oleg: 100.
P
Payen d Orléans: 32, 54-55, 57, 85, 88, 90.
Pelagius de Albano: 136.
Pelavicini, Guilielmo: 63.
Petru: 11-12,148.
Philippe: 113,115.
Pierre de Bethléem : 52.
Pierre de Bracheux: 28-29, 54-55, 57, 70, 88, 90,
113-114,116.
Pierre de Douai: 112,114,122.
Pierre de Radinghem: 94, 96-97.
Pietro di Capua: 58.
Q
Qoja: vezi Kotzas.
R
Rajnaldus: 129.
Renaud de Monmirail: 47, 52.
Renier de Trit: 75, 90,112.
Robert de Clari: 17-18, 20, 24-25, 27-28, 35-36,
38, 46,50, 52,54,99,102,133-134,137.
Robert de Ronsoi: 32-33, 52.
S
Sgouros, Leon: 71-72.
Slav: 105-106,118-119,131,136.
Stefan II Nemanja: 105,120,141.
Strez: 105, 120, 122-123, 125, 130-131,135,140-
141,150-151.
T
Theodoros I Angelos Doukas: 146.
Theodoros I Laskaris: 60, 77, 95, 97,125,132.
Thierry de Flandra: 98.
Thierry de Loos: 78, 88, 90.
Thierry de Tenremonde: 78, 80-81.
Thomas: 138.
V
Valère, André: 90.
Vasile: 13,15,24,123.
Villain de Loos: 80-81.
Z
Zeno, Marino: 14,49, 90.
Ziani, Pietro: 14.
170
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Mărculeţ, Vasile 1962- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1046536249 |
| author_facet | Mărculeţ, Vasile 1962- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mărculeţ, Vasile 1962- |
| author_variant | v m vm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044409578 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1002235399 (DE-599)BVBBV044409578 |
| era | Geschichte 1204-1218 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1204-1218 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Balkanhalbinsel Lateinisches Kaiserreich Byzanz |
| id | DE-604.BV044409578 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T18:02:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029811406 |
| oclc_num | 1002235399 |
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| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 171 Seiten Karten |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Editura Muzeului Marinei Române |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Mărculeţ, Vasile 1962- Vlaho-bulgari şi latini (1204-1218) aspecte militare ale luptei pentru supremaţie în Peninsula Balcanică Kumanen (DE-588)4104469-1 gnd Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 gnd Venezianer (DE-588)4395690-7 gnd Walachen (DE-588)4118957-7 gnd Bulgaren (DE-588)4088623-2 gnd Kreuzfahrer (DE-588)4165646-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4104469-1 (DE-588)4033114-3 (DE-588)4395690-7 (DE-588)4118957-7 (DE-588)4088623-2 (DE-588)4165646-5 (DE-588)4004334-4 (DE-588)4265416-6 (DE-588)4088772-8 |
| title | Vlaho-bulgari şi latini (1204-1218) aspecte militare ale luptei pentru supremaţie în Peninsula Balcanică |
| title_auth | Vlaho-bulgari şi latini (1204-1218) aspecte militare ale luptei pentru supremaţie în Peninsula Balcanică |
| title_exact_search | Vlaho-bulgari şi latini (1204-1218) aspecte militare ale luptei pentru supremaţie în Peninsula Balcanică |
| title_full | Vlaho-bulgari şi latini (1204-1218) aspecte militare ale luptei pentru supremaţie în Peninsula Balcanică Vasile Mărculeţ |
| title_fullStr | Vlaho-bulgari şi latini (1204-1218) aspecte militare ale luptei pentru supremaţie în Peninsula Balcanică Vasile Mărculeţ |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vlaho-bulgari şi latini (1204-1218) aspecte militare ale luptei pentru supremaţie în Peninsula Balcanică Vasile Mărculeţ |
| title_short | Vlaho-bulgari şi latini (1204-1218) |
| title_sort | vlaho bulgari si latini 1204 1218 aspecte militare ale luptei pentru suprematie in peninsula balcanica |
| title_sub | aspecte militare ale luptei pentru supremaţie în Peninsula Balcanică |
| topic | Kumanen (DE-588)4104469-1 gnd Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 gnd Venezianer (DE-588)4395690-7 gnd Walachen (DE-588)4118957-7 gnd Bulgaren (DE-588)4088623-2 gnd Kreuzfahrer (DE-588)4165646-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kumanen Krieg Venezianer Walachen Bulgaren Kreuzfahrer Balkanhalbinsel Lateinisches Kaiserreich Byzanz |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029811406&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029811406&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029811406&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029811406&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marculetvasile vlahobulgarisilatini12041218aspectemilitarealelupteipentrusuprematieinpeninsulabalcanica |