Contemporary catalysis: science, technology, and applications
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere beteiligte Personen: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Royal Society of Chemistry
[2017]
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029706353&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | xix, 875 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781849739900 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Contemporary catalysis |b science, technology, and applications |c edited by Paul C.J. Kamer, Dieter Vogt, Joris W. Thybaut |
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b Royal Society of Chemistry |c [2017] | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819315701914009600 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Section 1 Introduction
1 History of Catalysis 3
Jacob A Moulijn and Rutger A van Santen
1 1 History of Catalysis - Introduction 3
1 2 Ammonia Synthesis 9
1 3 Coal Utilisation 12
1 4 The Oil and Natural Gas Era 12
1 5 Environmental Catalysis 19
1 6 Catalysis for Fine Chemicals 21
1 7 Raw Materials 21
1 8 Catalyst Selection and Fine Tuning 24
1 9 Nobel Prizes in Catalysis 24
References 26
2 Feedstocks and Renewable
Resources Johannes G de Vries, Peter J Deuss and Katalin Barta 29
2 1 Feedstocks in the Petrochemical
Industry 29
2 2 Renewable Feedstocks 42
References 68
Contemporary Catalysis: Science, Technology, and Applications
Edited by Paul C J Kamer, Dieter Vogt and Joris W Thybaut
© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017
Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www rsc org
IX
X
Contents
3 Current Challenges in Catalysis 74
Dieter Vogt and Nicholas J Westwood
3 1 Introduction 74
3 2 Chemicals from Biomass 75
3 3 Energy and Catalysis 79
3 4 Process Intensification and Radical Process
Innovation 79
3 5 Fundamental Challenges in Catalysis 81
References 83
Section II Underlying Principles for Catalysis
4 Organometallic Chemistry and
Elementary Steps 89
Piet WNM van Leeuwen
4 1 Chemical Bonding 89
4 2 Fundamental Organometallic Reactions 95
References 112
Nanoscience 115
ChristopherJ Baddeley
5 1 Introduction 115
5 2 Nanoparticle Structure 116
5 3 Electronic Properties of Nanoparticles 118
5 4 Catalytic Properties of Metal
Nanoparticles 121
5 5 Dynamic Behaviour of Metal
Nanoparticles 124
5 6 Synthesis of Defined Nanoparticles by
Novel Methods 126
5 7 Conclusions 127
References 127
Contents
xi
6 An Introduction to Biocatalysis R Wever, RJM Goss, E Spence, Xiaoxue Tong and A E Hartog 131
6 1 Introduction 131
6 2 Michaelis-Menten Kinetics 6 3 Factors Important in Enzymatic 133
Catalysis 6 4 Chemo-, Regio- and Stereoselectivity 143
of Enzymes 151
References 154
7 Thermodynamics and Kinetics Nicole Wilde and Roger Gläser 156
7 1 Introduction 156
7 2 Reaction Thermodynamics 157
7 3 Kinetics of Chemical Reactions 163
7 4 Conclusions 172
References 173
Section III Fundamental Catalysis
8 Heterogeneous Catalysis Harry Bitter 177
8 1 Introduction 177
8 2 What Does a Catalyst Do? 179
8 3 Which Heterogeneous Catalysts are Available? 180
8 4 How Does a Catalyst Work? 181
8 5 Langmuir-Hinshelwood Model 184
8 6 Research Example: The Role of the Support in Heterogeneous Catalysis 185
Acknowledgements 188
References 188
Contents
xii
Homogeneous Catalysis 189
Dieter Vogt
9 1 Introduction 189
9 2 Steric Effects and Ligand Cone Angle 191
9 3 Ligand Electronic Effects 200
9 4 Chelating Ligands and Ligand Bite
Angle 202
9 5 Hemilabile Ligands 208
9 6 Counter Ion Effects 209
9 7 Ligand Symmetry 211
9 8 Summary 214
References 215
10 Organocatalysis 218
Daniel G Stark and Andrew D Smith
10 1 Introduction 218
10 2 Bronsted Acid Catalysis 219
10 3 Bronsted Base Catalysis 226
10 4 Lewis Acid Catalysis 228
10 5 Lewis Base Catalysis 231
10 6 Conclusions 244
References 245
11 Biocatalysis 249
R Wever, M J Corr, RJM Goss and Paul Kamer
11 1 Introduction 249
11 2 General Mechanism of Enzymes:
Factors Involved in Catalysis 250
11 3 Solubility of Enzymes and Use of
Organic Solvents 252
11 4 Immobilisation of Enzymes 255
11 5 Oxidation-Reduction Catalysis 262
11 6 Oxidising Enzymes 264
11 7 Industrial Applications 268
References 274
Contents xiii
12 Computational Catalysis 277
Stuart A Macgregor, Michael Bühl and Emiel J M Hensen
12 1 Introduction 277
12 2 Methods Based on Molecular Mechanics 278
12 3 Methods Based on Quantum Mechanics -
Wavefunction Methods 280
12 4 Density Functional Theory 285
12 5 Practicalities 288
12 6 Applications 291
References 303
13 Introduction to Electrocatalysis 305
John T S Irvine
13 1 Introduction 305
13 2 Electrocatalytic Production of
Ammonia 308
13 3 Oxygen Electrodes in Solid Oxide Cells 313
13 4 Electrodes in Low-Temperature Fuel Cells 315
13 5 Fuel Electrodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 316
13 6 Nanostructure of Electrocatalysts in
Solid Oxide Cells 321
13 7 Conclusion 324
Acknowledgements 324
References 324
14 Photocatalysis 326
Akihiko Kudo
14 1 What is a Photocatalytic Reaction? 326
14 2 Fundamentals of Photocatalytic
Reactions 327
14 3 Efficiency of Photocatalytic Reactions 334
14 4 Artificial Photosynthesis 335
14 5 Environmental Purification 339
14 6 Reactions of Organic Compounds 341
References 341
XIV
Contents
Section IV Catalyst Preparation
15 Solid Materials for Heterogeneous
Catalysis 347
Nicole Wilde and Roger Gläser
15 1 Introduction and Scope 347
15 2 Catalyst Supports 349
15 3 Supported Catalysts 358
15 4 Bulk Catalysts 365
15 5 Future Demands and
Challenges 387
References 389
16 Transition Metal Complexes and
Ligand Synthesis 396
David J Nelson and Steven R Nolan
16 1 Introduction 396
16 2 Ligand Syntheses 397
16 3 Complex Syntheses 403
16 4 Summary 412
References 412
17 Organocatalysts 416
AileenB Frost, MarkD Greenhalgh
and Andrew D Smith
17 1 Introduction 416
17 2 Bronsted Acid Catalysis 418
17 3 Bronsted Base Catalysis 425
17 4 Lewis Acid Catalysis 431
17 5 Lewis Base Catalysis 432
17 6 Conclusions 438
References 438
Contents
xv
18 Enzymes for Biocatalysis: Key
Concepts, Engineering Principles
and Case Studies 442
Guiomar Sanchez-Carron and Dominic J Campopiano
18 1 Introduction 442
18 2 Molecular Engineering Methods to
Generate Diversity 446
18 3 High Throughput Screening (HTS) and
Selection Methods 460
18 4 Conclusions 466
References 467
Section V Catalyst Characterization
19 Advanced Solution Spectroscopic
Techniques Jonathan A Iggo and Alice Parry 473
19 1 Introduction 473
19 2 Choice of Technique 474
19 3 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies 474
19 4 Vibrational Spectroscopy 480
19 5 Electronic Spectroscopy 481
19 6 Mass Spectrometry 482
19 7 In Situ and in Operando Spectroscopy 483
19 8 Data Analysis 486
19 9 Case Studies 486
19 10 Conclusions 493
References 493
20 X-Ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy 496
Adam E Lee, Christopher M A Parlett and Karen Wilson
20 1 Introduction
20 2 Basic Principles of XPS
496
497
Contents
xvi
20 3 Quantification of XP Spectra 499
20 4 The Origin of Surface Sensitivity 502
20 5 Angle Resolved XPS 504
20 6 Chemical Shift Information from XPS 507
References 511
21 Bulk X-Ray Techniques Adam E Lee, Christopher M A Parlett and Karen Wilson 513
21 1 Powder X-Ray Diffraction 513
21 2 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) 516
References 523
22 Adsorption Methods AdamF Lee, Christopher M A Parlett 525
and Karen Wilson
22 1 Physisorption 525
22 2 Chemisorption 529
22 3 Infrared Spectroscopy 532
References 539
23 Temperature Programmed
Techniques 541
Adam E Lee, Christopher M A Parlett and Karen Wilson
23 1 Temperature Programmed
Techniques 541
23 2 Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) 543
23 3 Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO) 546
23 4 Temperature Programmed Desorption
(TPD)
References
546
548
Contents
XVII
Section VI Operando Techniques
Operando Techniques 551
M Bauer, U Bentrup, J B Priebe
and A Brückner
24 1 Introduction 551
24 2 X-Ray Techniques 552
24 3 Optical Spectroscopy 563
24 4 Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopy 576
24 5 Future Perspectives 583
References 583
Section VII Reaction and Reactor Engineering
25 Reaction and Reactor
Engineering 591
Jeroen Lauwaert, Joris W Thybaut, Alexandre Goguet,
Christopher Hardacre, Oluwafunmilola Ola
and Mercedes Maroto-Valer
Introduction 591
25 1 Diffusion Limitations in Heterogeneous Catalysis 592
25 2 Kinetics of Catalysis 615
25 3 From Single to Multiphase Reactions 631
25 4 Modes of Reactor Operation 647
25 5 Reactor Configurations: Monolith and Membrane Reactors 668
25 6 Process and Reactor Design 679
25 7 Summary 694
25 8 Nomenclature 696
References 698
xviii Contents
Section VIII Separation
26 Catalyst Separation 711
Robert Konrath, FrankJ L Heutz, Paul C J Kamer
and Dieter Vogt
26 1 Introduction 711
26 2 Supported Catalysts 713
26 3 Biphasic Catalysis 719
26 4 Physical Entrapment 727
26 5 Membrane Separation of Homogeneous
Catalysts 729
26 6 Immobilised Metal Nanoparticles 738
26 7 Conclusions 741
References 742
Section IX Process Intensification
27 Process Intensification
in Catalysis 751
Sebastian Falß, Martin Rieks
and Norbert Kockmann
27 1 Introduction and Categories in Process
Intensification 751
27 2 Transport over Length and Time Scales 756
27 3 Energy 766
27 4 Integration 773
27 5 Design Method in Process
Intensification 779
27 6 Conclusions and Outlook 781
Acknowledgements 782
References 782
Contents
xix
Section X Industrial Processes
28 Transition Metal Catalysed
Methanol Carbonylation 795
Anthony Haynes
28 1 Introduction 795
28 2 Methanol Carbonylation 797
28 3 Conclusions 815
References 816
Section XI Life Cycle Analysis
29 Environmental Analyses and
Life Cycle Assessment Studies 825
Dana Kralisch and Denise Ott
29 1 Introduction 825
29 2 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
Catalysis 827
29 3 Biocatalysis 834
29 4 Reactor and Process Engineering Aspects 838
29 5 Catalyst Design and Recovery 839
29 6 Lessons Learned 844
References 844
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| title | Contemporary catalysis science, technology, and applications |
| title_auth | Contemporary catalysis science, technology, and applications |
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| title_full | Contemporary catalysis science, technology, and applications edited by Paul C.J. Kamer, Dieter Vogt, Joris W. Thybaut |
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| title_short | Contemporary catalysis |
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