Near abroad: Putin, the West, and the contest over Ukraine and the Caucasus
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figures and Tables ix
Acknowledgments xi
Note on Place Names xvii
Introduction: Near Abroads I
1. Why Does Russia Invade Its Neighbors? 17
2. Geopolitical Catastrophe 55
3. A Cause in the Caucasus 93
4. Territorial Integrity 126
5. Rescue Missions 166
6. Places Close to Our Hearts 198
7. The Novorossiya Project 237
8. Geopolitics Thick and Thin 274
Notes 303
Index 371
vii
INDEX
Abashidze, Aslan, 114,147
Abkhazia, 4, 8, 47,146-47
Abkhazian Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic, 67
adventurism in, 122
building aid for, 79
displacement from, 101,129,142
as independent, 182,188-89, 279, 283, 287
invasion plan for, 164,174
killings in, no
leadership, 114
media attention in, 81
Putin protecting, 155
as right hand, 326n8i
survey in, 285-86
toxic legacy, 282
unresolved conflict, 140
vulnerability of, 152-54
war expectation in, 156-57
Acheson, Dean, 278
Adamkus, Valdas, 160-61
Adamon Nykhaz (Popular Shrine), 133
adviser (kurator), 247-48, 282, 359n2i
affective geopolitics, 300
anger and resentment in, 48
color schemes and, 356^7
definition and significance of, 45
gendered ideals and subject-positions, 48
history of, 44
noble causes and, 49
in post-Soviet space, 46
at work, 13
affective geopolitics, of annexation
producing glorious historical moment, 226-31
producing mythic threat, 217-20
producing scenography of legitimacy, 223—26
producing surprise and confusion, 220-23
Afghanistan, 2
Georgia troops to, 119
Operation Enduring Freedom in, 109
Akhmetov, Rinat, 249, 255, 256-58
Aksyonov, Sergei, 222, 228, 229^ 254, 258
Albright, Madeleine, 5
Aliyev, Heydar, 105
Alma Ata Declaration, 74
Ambartsumov, Evgenii, 82
American Enterprise Institute, 100,119
Amet, Re§at, 225
anti-imperialism
imperialism and, 41—42
Soviet Union ideology as, 59-61
Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO), 260
Antyufeyev, Vladimir, 267
Armenia
Azerbaijan border dispute, 9
diaspora, 3
discussion of, 15
persecution memorial in, 43
371
372 INDEX
Asmus, Ron, 123,159,160
ASSRs. See Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republics
as you possess (utipossidetis) 65, 68, 85,103
Atlantic Council, 292
Atlanticism, 80, 2x1
ATO. See Anti-Terrorist Operation
August War, theory of, 183-84,189-90,194
Austin, John, 350n6
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics
(ASSRs), 131
Avakov, Arsen, 253
Azerbaijan
Armenia border dispute, 9
discussion of, 15
GUAM, 151
regional rebellions in, 4
Baker, James, 100-101,105,116
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, 105,178,194
Baltic states, 19, 60
CIS and, 65
incorporating, 5
intimidation attempt in, 275
Saakashvili and, 163
Scandinavia and, 3
Banderivtsi, 250-51, 360026
Baran, Zeyno, 116-17
Barkashov, Aleksander, 77
Bay of Pigs invasion, 288
Beck Glenn, 178
Belavenstev, Oleg, 22r, 355070
Belavezha Accords, 74-75
Bendukidze, Kakha, 120-21
Ben-Gurion, David, 48,120
Bezier, Igor, 247
Biden, Joe, 5,123
Bierce, Ambrose, ro
Bildt, Carl, 160
Black Hundred, 77
Black Sea fleet, 7,18, 203, 205, 215, 227, 287
blue blob of democracy, 6
Bol shaya Rossiya (Large Russia), 246
Bolsheviks
kurator, 359021
National Bolshevik Party, 77
power of, 59
Red Army, 130
rule, 32004
Soviet Union formation, 7, 20, 62-63,95
Ukraine and, 237
Bolton, John, 56
Borodai, Alexander, 77, 242, 246-47, 265,
267, 272
Boston marathon bombing, 292
Bourdieu, Pierre, 35
BREXIT campaign, 302
Brezhnev, Leonid, 61, 315018
Brown, Gordon, 124
Brown, Kent, 101-2
Brubaker, Rogers, 34-35
Bryza, Matthew, 116,156,160-61,190
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 5, 205-6
Bucharest Declaration, 7-8, 94-95,124-25,
156, 292
Budapest Memorandum, 24, 202, 293
Burbulis, Gennadi, 73k 74
Burjanadze, Nino, 108
Burns, William, 190
Bush, George W.
alienating Russia, 90
on Europe whole and free, 5
firmness with Putin and Medvedev, 192-93
Freedom Agenda of, 7, 24,117,121
hegemonic masculinity of, 48
linking Georgia and Iraq, 122
MAP to Georgia and Ukraine, 94-95
National Security Council, 93
on Putin, 57
Putin meeting, 166-68
Putin praised by, 198
revisionist policies, 287
on Rose Revolution, 112,121-22
Saakashvili meeting, 115,117,151,
155-56,162-63
Saakashvili on, 124,177-78
unilateralism of administration, 2
on young democracies, 93
captive nations, 5,52, 96-97,119
Carpathian Declaration, 207
Carter, Ashton, 275, 293
Carter, Jimmy, 5
casus sui generis, 188
Cato Institute, 121
Caucasus
beacon of liberty, 112-25
China and, 3
David and Goliath in, 100-108
geography and, 95-100
Georgia as Christian bastion, 103
overview, 93-95
Shalikashvili “this is our neighborhood now”
message, 108-11
Turkey and, 3
Center for Geopolitical Expertise, 78
Center for the National Interest, 29
Chaly, Aleksei, 220, 229/ 355067
INDEX 373
Charter of Paris for a New Europe, 19, 74, 189
Chechnya
as everywhere, 2
as inner abroad of Russia, 1
pacified, 298
secession, 69
Cheney, Dick, 119,191-92
Chibirov, Lyudvig, 139-40
China, 3, 17, 88, 211, 291
Churkin, Vitaly, 224
CIS. See Commonwealth of Independent States
civilization
Europe and West, 42-43
as shared common identity, 43
Yanukovych civilizational choice, 288
Clay, Lucius, 193
Clinton, Bill, 6, 98
geography acknowledged by, 102
Russia-first policy and, 104
Clinton, Hillary, 210
on Crimea seizure, 276, 36506
Cold War
alliances, 206
America, 5
captive nation discourse, 52
charges during, 41
commitments, 298
competition, 96
end of, 52-53
geopolitics of, 22
global, 278
occupied territories, 285
propaganda, 98
psychological war, 50
rollback dream of, 6
systems, 277
Western powers during, 44
Collective Security Treaty Organization
(CSTO), 101,107
color schemes
affective geopolitics and, 356087
revolutions and, 46
common European home, 5-6
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS),
60, 65, 205
Communism, 61, 80, 96
Community of Democratic Choice, 4, 151, 207
compatriots abroad, 74—75
competing visions of Russia, 72^—73*
competitive relational nationalisms, 35
concerts
Georgia, 2008 war, and, 13
Georgia, 2008 war, rescue missions,
186-87,187/
music of celebration, 46
Ukraine, 20x4 seizure, and, 13
Connolly, William, 45
conspiracy theories, 51
containment, 98
Cossacks, 61, 79, 204, 215, 240, 253
Courtney, William, Ambassador, 106
Crimea
advantages, 251
contingent road to, 210-14
Crimean War of 1853-1856, 49
demographics, 237
little green men in, 252-53
reunification in Russian Federation, 225
Ukraine gift, 201
Crimea Is Ours {Krym Nash), 229—30
Crimea: The Way Home docudrama, 216—17,
222, 231
critical geopolitics
critical analysis offered by, 21
defined, 8
discursive practices and, 11
geopolitical culture analyzed by, 10-11
rejecting geo-determinism, 8—9
Croatia
Operation Storm, 145,149, 160
sponsored separatism, 145
CSTO, See Collective Security Treaty
Organization
cyberattacks, 37in87
Czechoslovakia, 34
Dagomys Agreement, 67,135—36,138. See also
Sochi Agreement
Daily Mail, 49
Damasio, Antonio, 45
dark double, 22
David and Goliath, 100-108
Davis, Rick, 348M24
Dayton Peace Accords, 138
DCFTA. See Deep and Comprehensive Free
Trade Agreement
Debrix, François, 49
decolonization
India, 38
nation-building requirement, 42
post-Soviet space, 34
Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement
(DCFTA), 211—12
de Hoop Scheffer, Jaap, 160—61
democracy
blue blob of, 6
Bush on, 93
Potemkin, 108
374 INDEX
Democratic Union of Novorossiya, 4
Deripaska, Oleg, 348m 24
derzhavniks (great power), 81, 85-86
de-Sovietization, 64
Direct Line, 260-62
Dnipro Battalion, 255
Donbas, 15,18
divergence of, 256-58
dominated, 249
Euromaidan protests, 252
saving, 264-68
Donetsk clan, 239
Donetsk Peoples Republic (DPR), 265, 267
DPR. See Donetsk Peoples Republic
Dudayev, Dzhokhar, 81
Dugin, Alexander, 76-79, 205, 246-47, 267
Dulles, John Foster, 96
Eastern bloc, 44
Eastern Partnership Association
Agreement, 292
Edinstvo (Unity), 142,148
EEU. See Eurasian Economic Union
Eisenhower, Dwight, 96
Eisenhower administration, 50
enlargement
of EU, 27, 276
McCain on, 99
of NATO, 6, 30-31, 93-95,100, 276
strategy, 98
Yeltsin introduction of, 98
Erdogan, Recep Tayyip, 274, 300
ethnic cleansing, 185-86
ethnoterritorial units, 59, 62-63
EU. See European Union
Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), 8, 211, 281,
286, 288
Eurasianism, 76-78, 80
Euro-Atlantic integration, 7, 207
Euromaidan protests, 228
challenging institutions, 212-14
coining, 352034
controlling, 248
counter storyline for, 217, 223-24
in Donbas, 252
McCain on, 292-93
motivation of, 233-34
for policy change, 208-9
supporters, 254
suppressing, 244
violent, 238
Europe
civilization and West, 42-43
completing, 6
new, 7
whole and free, 5,19
European Association Agreement, 8
Europeanizing, 6, 43
European Reassurance Initiative, 275
European Union (EU)
alignment with, 4
Eastern Partnership Association
Agreement, 292
enlargement, 27, 276
expansionism, 30
evil empire, 41, 52,179
exceptionalism
geographic, 103
in Georgia, 142
national, 88
in United States, 95-96,100, 278
expansionism
in EU, 30
by NATO, 5, 22, 27, 85, 207, 281, 288,
298-99, 37in8i
by Russia, 22, 309f9
external normative power, 36, 3Sf
Farkas, Evelyn, 280
fascism, 23
coup, 2,18
genocide and, 43-44
nationalism and, 49
Soviet Union and, 44
fast thinking, 45
Fata, Daniel, 191
Federal Security Service (FSB), 246-47, 290
feminism, 46, 47
fictional independent states, 2S1
Filatov, Boris, 255
Finland, 177
flags, 46, 325062
flow infrastructures, 39
Foreign Affairs, 30, 205
Forest Brothers, 139-40
For Whom the Bell Tolls (Hemingway), 100
The Foundations of Geopolitics: Russia s
Geopolitical Future (Dugin), 77-78
Fox News, 51
freedom, 41
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 119
in post-Soviet space, 42
Ukraine Freedom Support Act, 295
Volunteer Freedom Corps, 323044
Freedom Agenda, 7, 24,117,121
free world, 6, 41, 298
Fried, Daniel, 116,158,190
frozen conflicts, 69, 92, 277, 280
INDEX 375
frozen zones, 280
FSB. See Federal Security Service
Gaidar, Yegor, 47
Gamsakhurdia, Zviad, 67, 101, 132—34, 142,
329M7
Gates, Robert, 94, 190
Gelayev, Ruslan, 139
Gelb, Leslie, 85
genocide
fascism and, 43—44
Holocaust and, 44
Putin on, 183-84
in Ukraine, 201
geo-determinism, 8—9
geographic determinism, 33
geography
Caucasus and, 95—100
as circulation, 31m 5r
Clinton acknowledging, 102
escaping through globalization, 52-54
exceptionalism, 103
Georgia, 2008 war, and, 30
violence and, 15—16
war and, 10
geopolitical catastrophe
collapse of empire, 58—64
overview, 55—58
post-Soviet space role, 64—69
Putin addressing, 91
Putins revanchism, 58, 87-92
Russian geopolitical culture and, 69—87
geopolitical condition
as core concept, 302
technological systems and, 13—14
geopolitical culture
competing visions, 40—41
critical geopolitics analyzing, 10—11
great power Russia, 80-82, 85—87
identity and, 39
as key concept, 300
myths and power structure, 40—41
Putin as articulator, 11—12
Russia, 11—12, 57, 69-87
Russian geopolitical catastrophe and, 69—87
Russian liberal European, 74—75
security and defense, 39—40
shared discourses in, 39—41
spatial identity and, 10
Ukraine as cause in United States, 291—97
of United States, io-ii, 15, 57, 95-98, 103,
121-22, 275-79, 2.86, 291, 296-97, 301-3
geopolitical entrepreneurship, 58, 76, 78,111,
287, 289
geopolitical field
near abroad as, 9
notion of, 8
post-Soviet space as, 298
statecraft and, 9
geopolitics. See also affective geopolitics; affective
geopolitics, of annexation
background in reason for Russian
invasions, 28—54
as cold, 13
of Cold War, 22
emotion and, 46
as great-power realpolitik, 12
Kissingerian understanding, 12
multivector, 211—12
of mutual antagonism, 2
Obama and, 297
post-Soviet space as contested, 33—37, 38—39,
38/ 298
practice of aggressive powers, 21
return of past, 22—27
revisionary geopolitical imaginary, 240—44
of Russia, 13,15
as tabloid storylines and state-produced
drama, 49—52
technology, 6—7
thick and thin, 277—79, 297, 365nio
of Ukraine, 199-211
of United States, 13
Georgia. See also North Ossetia; Saakashvili,
Mikheil; South Ossetia; Tbilisi
Berlin compared to, 193
borders, 320n4
breakaway territories, 68—69,150, 152, 156
Bush linking to Iraq, 122
chauvinism, 62
as Christian bastion, 103
exceptionalism, 142
frozen conflicts in, 92
identity, 114
internal imperialism, 42
language, 61, 102
lobbying capability, 122—23
MAP offer, 94-95,123—24,155
McCain affinity for, 177
as NATO member, 7
NATO membership and, no—11
as occupied territory, 65
Operation Iraqi Freedom participant, 119
post-revolutionary syndrome, 118
as Potemkin democracy, 108
regional rebellions, 4
Saakashvili fleeing, 54
Sakharov on, 42
3 7¿ INDEX
Georgia (Cont.)
spiritual, 142
state flag, 3251162
territorial integrity of, 114
troops to Afghanistan, 119
Turkey and, 3
United States financial support to, 123
United States security assistance to, 3-4,14
United States train and equip mission in, 109-10
victimhood in Georgia, 2008 war, 190-97
victimization of, 104
wide autonomy proposed, 146
Georgia, 2008 war. See also August War theory
as anti-Russian bias, 51
comprehending, 20
conceits and, 13
contested circumstances, 127
deaths, 127
espionage arrests, 152-53
first attacks, 148-49
as genocide, 127
geography and, 30
getting Georgia back, 141-46
land seizures, 152
leadership blamed for, 29-30
McCain condemning, 127
military offensive authorized, 158-59,162
opening shots, 126
over South Ossetia territory, 12,17,128
overview, 126-29
reconnaissance, 156
Rices advice on, 161-62
Russia surprise over, 164
Saakashvilis responsibility in, 14
shootouts and landmines, 154
South Ossetia as contested space, 129-41
start of, 2
trap theory, r64
United States aid anticipated, 162-63
United States condemning, 23,166-68
upping ante, 146-58
weapons buildup, 160
who started, 158-65
Georgia, 2008 war, rescue missions
attack on Russia, 186
buffer zones, 174
ceasefire agreement, 173-74
cleanup operations, 172
ethnic cleansing accusation, 185-86
Georgian offensive, 171
Georgia storyline, attack on West, 175-79
looting and revenge attacks, 174
memorial concert, 186-87, 187/*
naval attacks, 172
Operation Clear Field, 184
overview, 166-68
phases of war, 169-75
Putin at field hospital, 181-82
revanchism in, 197
Russian bombing, 171-72
Russian ground invasion, 172-73
Russian military response, 170-71
Russia storyline, genocide and responsibility
to protect, 179-90
South Ossetia territorial integrity
achieved, 175
United States storyline, Russia aggression and
Georgia victimhood, 190-97
Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova
(GUAM), 153
Gergiev, Valery, 186,187/
Girkin, Igor, 77, 265-66
coercion from, 222
on noble cause, 272
with special forces, 253, 258-60
writings and public relations, 245-47
Glavnoye razvedyvatelnoye upravleniye (GRU),
76, 247, 258-59, 265
Glazyev, Sergey, 79, 247,249-51, 262
globalization
geography escaping through, 52-54
time-space compression, 53
Glory to Russia {Slava Rossiyat), 229
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 81
on Caucasus, 27
on common European home, 5-6
constitutional change, 64
intervention, 133
new thinking foreign policy, 202
reform policies, 68
Graham, Lindsey, 5
The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its
Geostrategic Imperatives (Brzezinski), 206
Great Patriotic War, 19, 43, 56,186, 237-38
mythologized memories, 276
great power ( derzhavniks), 81, 85-86
great power Russia, 80-82, 85-87
Great Silk Way, 104,106
Grenada, 289
GRU. See Glavnoye razvedyvatelnoye
upravleniye
GUAM. See Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and
Moldova
Gubarev, Pavel, 245-46, 254, 272
GWOT (Global War on Terror), 119,163
Hadley, Stephen, 192-93
Harmsworth, Alfred, 49-50
INDEX 377
Hearst, William Randolph, 49-50
Heletey, Valeriy, 268
Helsinki Final Accords, 19, 24, 74,189
Hemingway, Ernest, 100
Heritage Foundation, 292
hidden hand, 51
high-profile events, 45
hired thugs ( Titushki), 212
historical ideology, 41
Hitler, Adolf, 23, r86, 276
Holbrooke, Richard, 123
Hollande, François, 221
Holocaust, 44
homeland nationalism, 34-35
Human Rights Watch, 170
Hungary, 98
Hunter, Robert, 6
Hussein, Saddam, 100,186, 210
hypermasculinity, 48
ICC. See International Criminal Court
identity
civilization as shared common, 43
geopolitical culture and, 39
in Georgia, 114
Putins identity politics, 211
Russia questions, 70-71
spatial, 10, 34, 36, 71
illusion of transparency, 27
Immediate Response, 2008,157
imperialism
anti-imperialism and, 41—42
Georgia internal, 42
Russian geopolitical culture, 75—78
Russian internal, 42
India, 38
indigenization {korenizatsiia), 62
informais (neformaly), 133-34
information warfare, 11
Ingram, Alan, 78—79
inner abroad, 38f
Chechnya as, 1
of Russia, 86-87
of Turkey, 38
internal abroad, 35—36
internal imperialism, 42
international affairs, 29
International Criminal Court (ICC), 197
International Crisis Group, 149,156
International Monetary Fund, 293
international relations, 155. See also geopolitics
geopolitical, 89
Kissingerian understanding of, 33
scholars, 46
International Republican Institute (IRI),
99-100
interventionism, 289
Iraq
Bush linking to Georgia, 122
United States invasion of, 2
war debates, 301—2
Ireland
Home Rule in, 36, 38
Irish Free State, 38
IRI. See International Republican Institute
Israel
Gaza Strip war, 25
Saakashvili relationship, 119-20, 326n8o
Ivanishvili, Bidzina, 195
Ivanov, Sergei B , no, 147
Izborsky Club, 245
Jamestown Foundation, 292
Jaresko, Natalie, 293
JCC. See Joint Control Commission
Jeffrey, James F., 124, 167
Joint Control Commission (JCC), 137,148, 150,
Joint Peacekeeping Forces (JPKF), 137
Kaczynski, Lech, 160
Kadyrov, Akhmad, 89, 280
Kadyrov, Ramzan, 89, 282—83
Kagan, Robert, 23,177
Kahneman, Daniel, 45
Karaganov, Sergei, 82
Karasin, Grigory, 158
Kempe, Frederick, 292
Kennan, George, 6, 300
Long Telegram of, 22, 27
red tide passage of, 366ni6
on state sovereignty, 28
theory on Russian invasions, 22, 26
Kernes, Gennady, 257
Kerry, John, 24
Kertsen amendment, 323n44
Kezerashvili, Davit, 119-20
KGB, 57, 115,148
backgrounds, 177
persecution by, 132
police, 129
Putin in, 48, 219, 223
security of, 117
Khakamada, Irina, 260
Khodakovsky, Alexander, 265
Khrulev, Anatoly, 171, 283
Khrushchev, Nikita, 61, 202, 315ms
Kisileva, Natalya, 222
378 INDEX
Kissingerian understanding
of geopolitics, 12
of international relations, 33
Klitschko, Vitali, 255
Klokotov, Nikolai, 77
Kofman, Aleksander, 273
Kohl, Helmut, 100
Kokoity, Eduard, 133,134,140, 141/
election of, 153,158
Mamsurov meeting, 169
playing into hands of, 148
takeover moves, 142
three-point plan, 152
Zhvania meeting, 150
Kolomoyskyi, Igor, 255
Kondrashov, Andrey, 231—32
Kongress russkikh obshchin (KRO), 78—79
Konstantinov, Vladimir, 22, 216, 229f
Korban, Gennady, 255
korenizatsiia (indigenization), 62
Kosovo
independence, 7—8
NATO intervention, 185
peacekeeping forces in, 3i8n6i
Putin on, 154—55
war, 86
Kozyrev, Andrei, 732, 75, 82
KPRE See Russian Communist Party
krai (land), 208
Kristol, William, 163,177
KRO. See Kongress russkikh obshchin
Krym Nash (Crimea Is Ours), 229—30
Kuchma, Leonid, 202, 206—7
Kulakhmetov, Marat, 180
Kunin, Daniel, 143,163, 331046
kurator (adviser), 247—48, 282, 359021
Kutuzov, Mikhail, 241
Kvitsiani, Emzar, 152
Kyiv crisis
fascist coup, 2,18
Putin response to, 30
threat story, 51
Laitin, David, 59—60
land Ckrai), 208
language
in Georgia, 61, 102
in Russia, 59—60
in Ukraine, 201—2, 204, 261
Lantos, Tom, 85
Large Russia (Bolshaya Rossiya), 246
Laruelle, Marlene, 243-45
Last Thrust to the South (Zhirinovsky), 75—76
Lavrov, Sergey, 23,185,191-92
on NATO membership, 198
LDPR. See Liberal Democratic Party of Russia
Lebed, Aleksandr, 79, 80, 3i7n43
Lemkin, Raphael, 43
Lenin, Vladimir, 59, 62
Levin, Carl, 5
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR), 75
liberal empire, 42, 312062
liberal European Russia, 74—75
liberty, 41
Caucasus beacon of liberty, 112—25
Radio Liberty, 98
Lieberman, Joe, 5, 99,100,123
Life magazine, 97
Limonov, Eduard, 73?, 77
literary figures (tsisperkhantselni), 106
A Little War That Shook the World (Asmus), 159
little green men, 252—53
Little Russia, 204
local elite, 9, 60, 239
Lomaia, Alexander, 194
Long Telegram, 22, 27
Lost Day video, 179—80, 344057
Luhansk
census, 203
fighting in, 232, 244
rebel stronghold in, 267
seizures in, 256
self-determination referendum in, 265
supporting intervention, 262—63
Luzhkov, Yuri, 73/, 79, 202
Mackinder, Halford, 52, 77
Madrid Principles, 371082
Makarov, Nikolai, 191
Malaysian Airlines Boeing 777 crash, 18,
266, 301
Malofeev, Konstantin, 246—48, 258, 267
Malyshev, Mikhail, 356n86
Mamsurov, Taimuraz, 169
Manafort, Paul, 8, 209
MAP. See Membership Action Plan
McCain, John, 5,109,123, 348ni24
election defeat, 291
on enlargement, 99
on Euromaidan protests, 292—93
Georgia, 2008 war, condemnation, 127
Georgia affinity, 177
hero identification, too
hypermasculinity of, 48
on rollback, 99—100
on Russian aggression, 191
INDEX 379
Shevardnadze and, 106
supporters, 163
on Ukraine, 195
withdrawal demands by, 194
McCain Institute, 292
Mearsheimer, John, 28-29
power-centrism, 31—32
on Putin, 30-32
on Ukraine, 2014 seizure, 30
Medvedev, Dmitri, 156-57
accusations, 170
atrocities documented, 183
on August War, 190
Bush firmness with, 192—93
cease-fire agreement, 173-74
delaying armed response, 179—80
enforcing peace, 186
presidency, 210
recognizing independent states, 188-90
refugee assistance, 181
on territorial integrity, 185
Membership Action Plan (MAP), 94—95,
123-24, 155
Memorial Human Rights Center, 1
Merabishvili, Vano, 149, 160
Merkel, Angela, 94, 221, 223
Mesic, Stjepan, 145
metropolitan state, 36, 38f
Mexican border wall, 302
Migranyan, Andranik, 82
Military Professional Resources Incorporated
(MPRI), r45
Millennium Message, 87, 219
Milosevic, Slobodan, 145
Minsk Group, 299
Mirror Weekly, 262
Mitchell, Lincoln, 112
Mladic, Ratko, 185
Mogadishu, 102
Moldova
discussion of, 15
frozen conflicts in, 92
GUAM, 151
historical fault lines of, 67—68
regional rebellions in, 4
republic, 68
Romania unification and, 69
separatism in, 241
Monroe Doctrine. See Russia’s Monroe Doctrine
most favored lord, 61
Mother Russia, 41
MPRI. See Military Professional Resources
Incorporated
Mubarak, Hosni, 210, 214
Mullen, Mark, 324056
Mullen, Mike, 191
multivector geopolitics, 211-12
Murphy, Chris, 292
music. See concerts
Nagorny Karabakh conflict, 286, 299, 371082
Nagorny Karabakh Republic (NKR), 67
National Bolshevik Party, 77
National Captive Nations Committee, 96
nationalism
competitive relational, 35
fascism and, 49
homeland nationalism, 34—35
as national ethos, 41
nationalist heroics, 52
nationalizing, 34
radical, 218
Saakashvili on, 142—43
in Ukraine, 218-19
United States, 301
nationalizing states, 35, 36, 3
national minorities, 35, 36
NATO. See North American Treaty Organization
naval base lease, 215
Nazism, 23
collaborators, 237—38
Putin and, 44
Soviet Union pact, 19, 44, 63, 201
territorial aggrandizement, 33
near abroad
as geopolitical field, 9
Russia, 81, 86-87, 277
Russian geopolitics and, 15
term emergence, 3
of Turkey, 38-39
United States as, for Saakashvili, 4
neformaly (informals), 133—34
Negroponte, John, 190—91
Nemtsov, Boris, 73r, 283
neoliberal ideology, 120
News Corporation International, 50—51
New Start Treaty, 210
New York Times 163, 280
Nicaragua Sandinista government, 289
Nicholas I, 237
Nitze, Paul, 97
Nixon, Richard, 29
Nixon Center, 29
NKR. See Nagorny Karabakh Republic
Nodia, Ghia, 132
Noriega, Manuel, 289
380 INDEX
normative geopolitics, 96
North American Treaty Organization (NATO)
alignment with, 4
encroaching on Russia, 12
encroachment policies, 287
enlargement, 6, 30-31, 93-95,100, 276
expansionism, 5, 22, 27, 85, 207, 281, 288,
298-99, 37in8i
Georgia membership and, 110-11
Kosovo intervention, 185
Lavrov on membership, 198
MAP offers, 94-95,123-24,155
Partnership for Peace, 107
Putin on Ukraine joining, 32
Saakashvili on, 151
shared values and responsibilities, 99
as sphere of influence, 27, 291
Turkey, 105
Ukraine and Georgia as members, 7
Ukraine membership proposal, 206-7
Washington Treaty, 274-75
North Atlantic Cooperation Council, 205
North Ossetia
Alania added to, 328729
evacuations to, 165,169, 330028
flight to, 130,133-34,181, 329725
gas explosions, 152
Putin in, 180-82
republic, 129
Russian citizens, 3390148
school siege in, 90-91, 91/
trade, 132
turmoil in, 149
uniting with, 189, 286
no-use-of-force pledge, 156-57
Novaya Gazeta, 248
Novorossiya project, 15
abandoning Novorossiya, saving
Donbas, 264-68
activating Novorossiya, 244-52
amplifying, 260-64
attitudes in Southeastern Ukraine, 268-73,
271/-272/
attitudes survey, 262-64, 263/
divergence of Donbas, 256—58
Izborsky Club, 245
localized power struggles, 252-62
overview, 237-40
Putin naming, 261-62
as revisionist geopolitical imaginary, 240-44
Russian filibusters over, 258-60
separatism and, 271/
NSC-68, 97
nuclear weapons, 96
Nuland, Victoria, 94, 292-93
Obama, Barack, 194, 221
election of, 291
European Reassurance Initiative, 275
geopolitics and, 297
Hitler and, 276
Mubarak and, 214
presidential campaign of, 368053
on Putin, 296
on Russia leadership, 24-25
on Russian invasion, 195
on Ukraine, 2014 seizure, 23-24
Ukraine and, 295-97
women, 210
occupied territories, 25, 66, 277, 297
Cold War, 285
Georgia as, 65
Russian geopolitical archipelago,
279-86, 284^
Odesa, 204
activists in, 244, 250
Democratic Union of Novorossiya
formation, 4, 241
as divided city, 257
founding of, 240
history of, 261
massacre, 264, 270
Peoples Republic of Odessa
proclaimed, 257
protests in, 252
unification call in, 254
Operation Clear Field, 184
Operation Iraqi Freedom, hi, 119
Operation Storm, 145,149,160
Oplot, 257, 265
Orange Revolution, 4, 8,150-51, 207,
212, 242-43
Organization for Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE), 6,137
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
(OUN), 218
OSCE. See Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe
Osnovy Geopolitiki: Geopoliticheskoe Budushchee
Rossii (Dugin), 77-78
Ottoman Empire, 240-41
OUN. See Organization of Ukrainian
Nationalists
Palin, Sarah, 195
Partnership for Peace, 107
Party of Regions, 207, 216, 239, 243, 253-57
passportization policy, 140
INDEX 381
paternalism, 204, 326n7i
Patrushev, Nicolai, 214, 216
peacekeeping forces
JPKF, 137
in Kosovo, 3i8n6i
in South Ossetia, 151-52
in Transnistria, 283, 285
Peoples Front, 254
phantom limb pain, 47
Pliyev, Inal, 126—27, 164, 166
Pliyev, Issa, 131
PMR. See Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic
political realism
core beliefs in, 28—29
Ukraine, 2014 seizure, and, 30
in United States, 28
Popular Shrine (Adamon Nykhaz), 133
Poroshenko, Petro, 293, 295
Posen, Barry, 299
post-Soviet space, 37f, 305n4
affective geopolitics in, 46
contested geopolitical field, 33—37, 38-39,
38/ 298
decolonization, 34
flow infrastructures, 39
freedom in, 42
place-based powers in, 36
as reminder of imperial power, 33-34
republican-level sovereignty in, 66—67
role in geopolitical catastrophe, 64—69
Russian question, 66
sovereignty and independence in, 65
successor states, 42
Potemkin, Gregory, 1
Potemkin democracy, 108
Powell, Colin, 57, no, 113, 148
Power, Samantha, 210
power-centrism, 31—32
power maximization, 29
Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (PMR),
68-70, 79, 241
Primakov, Yevgeni, 86
Project for the New American Century
(PNAC), roo
Prokhanov, Alexander, 76, 245
propaganda, II, 98
psychological warfare, 97
Pushilin, Denis, 257
Putin, Vladimir, 229^ 230f
Abkhazia protected by, 155
appealing to, 250—51
at Bucharest summit, 124-25
Bush firmness with, 192-93
Bush meeting, 166—68
Bush on, 57
Bush praising, 198
Chechnya power reassertion, 81
on criminal actions in South Ossetia, 182—83
on Direct Line, 260-62
disenchantment with United States, 90
disparate dependencies created by, 282
fictional independent states and, 281
at field hospital, 181-82
first political lessons, 79
force in Chechnya, 90
on genocide, 183-84
as geopolitical culture articulator, 11-12
Hitler and, 276
hypermasculinity of, 48
identity politics, 211
on international law, 91—92
in KGB, 48, 219, 223
on Kosovo, 154-55
Mearsheimer on, 30-32
military surprise, 221
Millennium Message, 87, 219
national anthem for, 47
Nazism and, 44
in North Ossetia, 180-82
Novorossiya project naming, 261—62
Obama on, 296
pragmatism of, 147
protests against, 210
on radical nationalism, 218
on reform agenda, 55—56
response to Kyiv crisis, 30
responsibility to protect, 187-88
revanchism of, 58, 87-92
on Saakashvili, 48
Saakashvili heated exchange, 150
Saakashvili meeting, 114-15,155
on September ri, 2001 terrorist attacks, 2
setting attack tone, 180
shared common identity and, 43
Shevardnadze meeting, no
on statism, 88
systema, 89
two-part interest group assertion, 270
Ukraine, 2014 seizure, decision, 214—17,
245-46, 290
Ukraine, 2014 seizure, justified, 223
Ukraine, 2014 seizure, speech and
celebration, 226—31
on Ukraine as state, 199, 207—8, 35on6
on Ukraine joining NATO, 32
Yanukovych meeting, 213
Yanukovych rescued by, 214
Pyatt, Geoffrey, 293
382 INDEX
Qaddafi, Muammar, 210
Radio Free Europe, 98
Radio Liberty, 98
Reagan, Ronald
evil empire and, 41
Grenada and, 289
on Nicaragua Sandinista government, 289
realpolitik, 12, 33, 62
reckless driving, 299
Red Army, 63,130
red blob of totalitarianism, 6
red-brown coalition, 76, 79
regime change, 178, 211
rescue missions, 13
revanchism
in Georgia, 2008 war, 197
of Putin, 58, 87-92
Russia, 189, 276
Saakashvili and, 128, 208-9
in Ukraine, 209
Rhodes, Ben, 26, 194
Rice, Condoleezza, 23, 94,116
call for ceasefire by, 191
on defending allies, 157
Georgia, 2008 war, advice, 161-62
reports to, 190
sent to Georgia, 193-95
Rice, Susan, 210
Robertson, George, hi
Rodionov, Igor, 77, 322^0
Rogozin, Dmitry, 73i, 76, 78-79,183-84,185
rollback, 97, 99-100
Romania unification, 69
Rose Revolution, 123
anniversary, 151
Bush on, 112,121-22
coining, 324056
Saakashvili to power, 142
skepticism over, 147
RSFSR. See Russian Soviet Federal Socialist
Republic
rule of law, 41, 89
Rumsfeld, Donald, 7
Russia. See also Soviet Union
aggression in Georgia, 2008 war, 190-97
authoritarian state, 290
Black Sea Fleet, 7
Bush alienating, 90
chauvinism, 62
Chechnya as inner abroad, r
competing visions of, 72i-73i
as dark double, 22
expansionism, 22, 309f9
geopolitical culture, 11-12, 57, 69-87
geopolitics of, 13,15
Georgia, 2008 war, attack on, 186
Georgia, 2008 war, storyline, 179-90
great power geopolitical culture, 80-82, 85-87
identity and territory questions, 70-71
imperialist geopolitical culture, 75-78
inner abroad, 86-87
intelligence cooperation offered, 2
internal imperialism, 42
language, 59-60
liberal European, 74-75
Mother Russia, 41
national anthem, 46-47
national interests safeguarded, 30
NATO encroaching on, 12
near abroad, 81, 86-87, 2.77
new Europe, 7
new growth model for, 291
Novorossiya project filibusters, 258-60
Obama on leadership, 24-25
occupied territory geopolitical archipelago,
279-86, 284/
phantom limb pain, 47
revanchism, 189, 276
sentiment in Transnistria, 286
size of, 46
Sochi Winter Olympics, 17,167,180, 209,
290, 368n49
sphere of influence, 3,12, 20, 52, 85, 243, 277
Ukraine invasions, 19
Ukraine Treaty of Friendship, 203
United States free Russia crusade, 96
United States sanctions against, 18
Russian Aggression Prevention Act, 295
Russian Communist Party (KPRF), 80
Russian Federation, 3, 86
expanse of, 280
joining, 189
reunification of Crimea, 225
rule of law in, 89
salaries and pensions in, 139
Russian idea {Russkaya ideya), 71
Russian invasions, reasons for, 14
geopolitics background, 28-54
geopolitics past return, 22-27
imperialist power storyline, 20
Kennans theory, 22, 26
liberal storyline, 25-26
overview, 17-21
political-realist storyline, 2r
Russian Law on Citizenship, 139-40, 33on28
Russian National Unity, 77
Russianness, 70, 79, 205, 208
INDEX 383
Russian question, 66, 71
Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic
(RSFSR), 240-41
Russian world (Russki Mir), 141, 205, 211, 243—44
Russia’s Monroe Doctrine, 82, 83^-84^
Russia Today, 189
Russification, 60,131
Russkaya ideya (Russian idea), 71
russkieye, 316^2
Russki Mir (Russian world), 141, 205, 211, 243-44
Russophobia, 309^
Russo phone, 201—2, 204, 220, 244, 288
Rutskoi, Alexander, 85
Saakashvili, Mikheil
aggressive moves by, 147
authoritarianism, 117—19
Baltic states and, 163
break-ups and, 108
building military, 145
on Bush, 124, 177—78
Bush meeting, 115, 117, 151, 155—56, 162—63
captive nation and, 119
Cato Institute and, 121
cause of, too
cease-fire agreement, 173—74
charisma, 113, 118, 142
domination, 150—51
editorials by, 209
education, 99
election of, 112
on Finland, 177
fleeing Georgia, 54
Georgia, 2008 war, responsibility, 14
on getting Georgia back, 144
government of, 93
hypermasculinity of, 48
inauguration speech, 113—14
Israel relationship, 119—20, 3261180
leadership style, 146
lobbying by, 369059
on nationalism, 142—43
on NATO, 151
neoliberal ideology, 120
network of, 53
new cause, 294
no-use-of-force pledge rejected by, 156—57
offensive launch by, 158-59,162,190
outrage over, 12
pushing buttons in media, 176—79
Putin heated exchange, 150
Putin meeting, 114-15,155
Putin on, 48
recklessness, 29-30
revanchism and, 128, 208-9
rhetoric contradictions, 143—44
risk taker, 332055
Rose Revolution bringing to power, 142
state-building hero, 48
supporters, 116, 163—64,195
on territorial integrity, 114
testing limits, hi
United States as near abroad, 4
as war criminal, 166—67, 183, 186,191
as young reformer, 105—6
Yushchenko supporting, 243
Sakharov, Andrei, 42
salaries and pensions, 139
Salvation Union of Ossetia, 153
Sanakoev, Dmitri, 153, 157
Sanakoev Project, 153-54
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 173, 184
Saunders, Paul J., 29
SBU. See Ukrainian Security Service
Scandinavia, 3
scenography of legitimacy, 223—26
Scheunemann, Randy, 100, 123, 194, 3480124
Sea Breeze exercises, 205
security and defense, 46
geopolitical culture, 39—40
security corridor, 137-38
self-determination, 299
self-help, 29
separatism
condemning, 74
curbing, 249
Moldova, 241
Novorossiya project, 271f
pro-Russian, 262
as Russian lever, 208, 242—43
sponsored, 145
territorial fragmentation and, 68
violent, 150
September it, 2001 terrorist attacks, 2
Serdyukov, Anatoly, 170
Setting the Record Straight statement, 193
Shalikashvili, Otar Joseph, 108—11
Shelov-Kovedayev, Fyodor, 82
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 3
aid to, 109
assassination attempts, 103
break-ups and, 108
Dagomys Agreement and, 67
foreign policy of, 107
Great Silk Way and, 104, 106
high-profile policies of, 111
image in West, 105
McCain and, 106
384 INDEX
Shevardnadze, Eduard (Cont.)
personal insecurity of, 102
Putin meeting, no
resignation of, 112
tolerance policy, 139
United States aid to, 107-8
working relationships of, 100-102
Shevchenko, Taras, 255
Shostakovitchs Seventh Symphony, 44
Shoygu, Sergei, 181, 214, 215, 221, 355n70
Slava Rossiya! (Glory to Russia), 229
slow thinking, 45
SOAO. See South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
Sobchak, Anatoly, 79-80, 202
Sochi Agreement, 135
Sochi Winter Olympics, 17,167,180, 209,
290,3^8n49
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 66, 79, 91
Soros Foundation, 112
South Ossetia, i$6. See also North Ossetia
acculturation, 131
aid to, 145-46
campaigns against, 132—33
capital accumulation, 138
as contested space, 129—41
deaths in, 135,196
elections in, 139
ethnic polarization, 134
Georgia, 2008 war, over, 12, r7,128
gutted houses, 196f
independence recognition, 155
International Crisis Group on, 149
memorial, 137/
militia groups, 133-34
passportization policy; 140
peacekeeping forces in, 151-52
Putin on criminal actions in, 182-83
salaries and pensions to, 139
security corridor, 137-38
sovereignty of, 129,133
territorial integrity achieved, 175
as threat, 175
victimization in, 130
vulnerability of, 135
war crimes and crimes against humanity
in, 197
South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast (SOAO),
131-32,134
sovereignty
in post-Soviet space, 65-67
of South Ossetia, 129,133
state, 28
walled, 302
Soviet Union. See also
geopolitical catastrophe; Russia
anti-imperialist ideology, 59-61
big country, 47
Bolsheviks forming, 7, 20, 62-63, 95
collapse of, 34
containment by, 9
ethnoterritorial units, 59, 62-63
as evil empire, 41
fascism and, 44
as geopolitical complex, 14
Great Patriotic War, 19
liberation from, 47
Nazi pact, 19, 44, 63, 201
nostalgia for, 45, 57,85
original, 7
sphere of influence, 97-98
structural contradictions, 63-64
titular nations, 63-64
spatial identity, 10, 34, 36, 71
sphere of influence, 297-98
freedom from, 279
NATO as, 27, 291
proximity and paranoia, 286-91
Russia, 3,12, 20,52, 85, 243, 277
Soviet Union, 97-98
suppression of, 282
thinking, 33,198
Turkey, 109
sponsored separatism, 145
Stalin, Joseph, 60-63, 114-15
Stankevich, Sergei, 80-81
state-challenging movement, 36
state-produced drama, 49-52
state sovereignty 28
statism, 88
sui generis, 154,188
Sukhoi SU-24M aircraft downing, 274
Surkov, Vladislav, 248, 282
Suvorov, Alexander, 241
tabloids
commercial drive, 50
storylines, 49-52
television hyperreality and, 51
Tagliavini, Heidi, 160
Tagliavini Report, 160
Taliban, 2,109
Taruta, Serhiy, 255
Tbilisi
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, 105,178,194
occupation museum, 65
pipeline project, 105
INDEX 385
protests, 163
rallies, 178
take Georgia back campaign, 129
vision of Georgia, 103
weakness, 147
territorial aggrandizement, 33
terrorism, 1—2, 3iin49
ATO, 260
cyberattacks, 371 n87
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 2
war on terror, 4, no, 305n2
thick and thin geopolitics, 277—79, 2,97, 36^10
Tishkov, Valery, 74
titular nations, 63—64
Titushki (hired thugs), 212
Tkeshelashvili, Eka, 161—62
totalitarianism, 6
Transnistria, 4, 245, 257
call for careful policies in, 125
corridor to, 264
countermobilization in, 241—42
media attention in, 81
peacekeeping forces in, 283, 285
rebels in, 77, 3i7n43
Russia sentiment in, 286
state of, 279, 281
as unrecognized, 68, 188
trap theory, 164
Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and
Partnership with Ukraine, 24
Tretyakov, Vitaly, 70
Truman, Harry, 97, 278
Truman administration, 50
Trump, Donald, 302
tsisperkhantselni (literary figures), 106
Tsutsiev, Arthur, 33on28
Turkey
Caucasus and, 3
Georgia and, 3
inner abroad, 38
NATO member, 105
near abroad, 38-39
sphere of influence, 109
Sukhoi SU-24M aircraft downing, 274
Tymoshenko, Yulia, 249
Ukraine, 200f See also Euromaidan protests
as biggest prize, 56
Bolsheviks and, 237
borders, 32004
as cause in United States geopolitical
culture, 291—97
Cossacks, 61
Crimea as gift, 201
diaspora, 3
genocide, 201
geopolitical attitudes, 231-36, 23
geopolitics, 199—211
GUAM, 151
industrialization, 203
language, 201-2, 204, 261
Little Russia, 204
MAP offer, 94-95
McCain on, 195
nationalism, 218—19
as NATO member, 7
NATO membership proposal, 206-7
naval base lease, 215
Obama and, 295—97
Orange Revolution, 4, 8
as power base, 315ms
as prize, 204, 206
pro-Russian mobilizations, 69
Putin on joining NATO, 32
Putin on Ukraine as state, 199, 207—8, 35on6
referendum proposal, 225—26, 226f
regional rebellions, 4
revanchism in, 209
Russian invasions, 19
Russia Treaty of Friendship, 203
Sea Breeze exercises, 205
as state, 261
Ukrainophone and Russophone, 201—2, 204,
220, 244, 288
Ukraine, 2014 seizure, 2. See also Novorossiya
project
Clinton, H., on, 276, 365n6
comprehending, 20
concerts and, 13
contingent road to Crimea, 210—14
dramaturgy and affective geopolitics of
annexation, 217—31
geopolitical attitudes in contested Ukraine,
232-36,235/
improvised rescue mission, 214—17
Mearsheimer on, 30
music festival, 230, 230f
Obama on, 23-24
overview, 198—99
polite people monument, 231f
political realism and, 30
precipitation of, 14
protests, 259, 259f
Putin decision, 214—17, 245-46, 290
Putin justifying, 223
Putin public speaking on, 221
386 INDEX
Ukraine, 2014 seizure (Cont.)
Putin speech and celebration, 226-31
reductionist view, 32
still unfolding, 8
Ukraine geopolitics, 199-211
Ukraine Freedom Support Act, 295
Ukrainianisation, 80
Ukrainian Security Service (SBU), 255—56
Ukrainophone, 201-2, 204, 220, 244, 288
unilateralism, 2
United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
(UNOMIG), 153
United Russia (Yedinaya Rossiya), 142
United States
aid to Shevardnadze, 107-8
exceptionalism, 95-96,100, 278
free Russia crusade, 96
geopolitical culture of, 10-11,15, 57, 95-98,
103,121-22, 275-79, 286, 291, 296-97, 301-3
geopolitics of, 13
Georgia, 2008 war, anticipated aid, 162-63
Georgia, 2008 war, condemned by, 23,166-68
Georgia, 2008 war storyline, 190-97
Georgia financial support, 123
Georgia given security assistance, 3-4,14
intelligence cooperation offered to, 2
interventionism, 289
Iraq invasion, 2
nationalism, 301
political realism, 28
Putins disenchantment with, 90
as Saakashvilis near abroad, 4
sanctions against Russia, 18
Setting the Record Straight statement, 193
Taliban war, 109
train and equip mission in Georgia, 109-10
Ukraine, 2014 seizure, condemnation, 23-24
Ukraine as cause in geopolitical
culture, 291-97
Unity (Edinstvo), 142,148
UNOMIG. See United Nations Observer
Mission in Georgia
UNSC, 85,153
utipossidetis (as you possess), 65, 68, 85,103
violence
Euromaidan protests and, 238
history and geography, 15-16
separatism, 150
Volunteer Freedom Corps, 323044
Wahabbism, 114
walled sovereignty, 302
Wall Street Journal, 176,185,192
war on terror, 4, no, 30502
Warsaw Pact, 5, 22, 85,102, 205
Washington Declaration, 98, 328020
Washington Post 29
Weekly Standard, 279
Weimar Russia, 71
Welles Declaration, 32003
West, 30
civilization and Europe, 42-43
during Cold War, 44
Georgia storyline and, 175-79
joining, 6
Shevardnadze image in, 105
“Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the Wests Fault”
(Mearsheimer), 30
wide autonomy, 146
Will, George, 22
Wilson, Damon, 93, 292
Wilson, Woodrow, 278
World Bank, 120
World Trade Organization, 210, 292
Yakobashvili, Timuri, 120,162,177, 279, 324055
Yalta Conference, 96-97
Yanukovych, Viktor, 8, 23, 209
civilizational choice, 288
Donetsk clan and, 239
driven from office, 30
flight of, 244, 247, 252
impeachment of, 218
multivector geopolitics, 211—12
ousting of, 224
as preferred leader, 281
Putin meeting, 213
Putin rescuing, 214
Yatsenyuk, Arseniy, 293, 294
Yatsyuk, Denis, 250
Yedinaya Rossiya (United Russia), 142
Yefremov, Aleksander, 255
Yeltsin, Boris, 64-65, 226
administration of, 74-75
attack on parliament, 77
Dagomys Agreement and, 67
election win, 80, 81
enlargement introduced to, 98
government of, 101
inaugural declaration, 88
Japan and, 81-82
resignation of, 87
shared common identity and, 43
as unprepared for collapse, 69-70
UNSC called upon, 85
INDEX
Yugoslavia
collapse of, 34
dissolution of, 5, 20, 98
Yushchenko, Viktor, 4, 151, 207
naval base lease and, 215
Saakashvili supported by, 243
Zakharchenko, Aleksander, 265
Zaldostanov, Alexander, 215, 354053
Zatulin, Konstantin, 250
Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 75—76, 242
Zhvania, Zurab, 105-6, 108,112,143
death of, 150
Kokoity meeting, 150
Zygar, Mikhail, 216, 249—50
Zyuganov, Gennady, 73?, 76, 80
Bayertechai
Staatsbibliothek
München J
|
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| author | Toal, Gerard 1962- |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)976435223 (DE-599)BVBBV043971025 |
| discipline | Politologie Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV043971025 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T17:50:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780190253301 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 016047090 |
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| physical | xx, 387 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
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| publishDate | 2017 |
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| spellingShingle | Toal, Gerard 1962- Near abroad Putin, the West, and the contest over Ukraine and the Caucasus Geopolitik (DE-588)4156741-9 gnd Nachbarstaat (DE-588)4170996-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4156741-9 (DE-588)4170996-2 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Near abroad Putin, the West, and the contest over Ukraine and the Caucasus |
| title_auth | Near abroad Putin, the West, and the contest over Ukraine and the Caucasus |
| title_exact_search | Near abroad Putin, the West, and the contest over Ukraine and the Caucasus |
| title_full | Near abroad Putin, the West, and the contest over Ukraine and the Caucasus Gerard Toal |
| title_fullStr | Near abroad Putin, the West, and the contest over Ukraine and the Caucasus Gerard Toal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Near abroad Putin, the West, and the contest over Ukraine and the Caucasus Gerard Toal |
| title_short | Near abroad |
| title_sort | near abroad putin the west and the contest over ukraine and the caucasus |
| title_sub | Putin, the West, and the contest over Ukraine and the Caucasus |
| topic | Geopolitik (DE-588)4156741-9 gnd Nachbarstaat (DE-588)4170996-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geopolitik Nachbarstaat Russland |
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