English dictionaries: a linguistic introduction
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Weitere beteiligte Personen: | |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin
Erich Schmidt Verlag
[2016]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Grundlagen der Anglistik und Amerikanistik
Band 41 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028993725&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | 287 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9783503167517 |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b Erich Schmidt Verlag |c [2016] | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819251827527385088 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................... 5
Table of Contents ........................................................... 7
1 Introduction ............................................................ 13
1.1 Love at second sight: why most people dislike and some
people love dictionaries......................................... 13
1.2 Lexicography and linguistics..................................... 14
1.3 Practical lexicography and metalexicography...................... 16
1.4 The aims of this book............................................ 18
1.5 A note on the citations from dictionaries........................ 18
2 The Theory of Lexicographic Scope........................................ 21
2.1 Dictionaries: a first look....................................... 21
2.1.1 Why we need dictionaries.................................. 21
2.1.2 Mono- and bilingual dictionaries.......................... 23
2.1.3 Dictionaries and encyclopedias............................ 24
2.1.4 Dictionaries and grammars................................. 25
2.1.5 Lexicography as an art.................................... 26
2.2 Dictionary types and lexico-parameters........................... 26
2.2.1 Lexico-parameters of content.............................. 27
2.2.1.1 Lemma selection................................... 27
2.2.1.2 Information types................................. 29
2.2.1.3 Accuracy and completeness......................... 31
2.2.2 Lexico-parameters of form................................. 32
2.2.2.1 User-friendliness................................. 32
2.2.2.2 Cost.............................................. 33
2.3 The theory of scope in lexicography.............................. 34
3 Dictionary Structures.................................................... 37
3.1 Dictionaries and the competent user.............................. 37
3.2 The component parts of a dictionary - a survey................... 38
3.3 The word list.................................................... 40
3.3.1 Lemmatisation............................................. 40
7
Table of Contents
3.3.1.1 Lexemes, words forms, citation forms............... 40
3.3.1.2 Super-lexemic items.............................. 41
3.3.1.3 Word Forms......................................... 42
3.3.1.4 Semantic aspects of lemmatisation: homonymy
and polysemy....................................... 42
3.3.1.5 Affixes............................................ 44
3.3.2 Types of lemmatic ordering................................. 44
3.3.2.1 Alphabetical and thematic ordering................. 44
3.3.2.2 Variants of alphabetical ordering.................. 45
3.3.2.3 The placement of multi-word lemmata................ 48
3.4 The dictionary entry.............................................. 48
3.4.1 Theme and rheme.......................................... 48
3.4.2 Lemmata, sublemmata and non-lemmatic addresses............. 49
3.4.3 * Thematic progression in the dictionary entry............. 51
3.4.4 Structural divisors, lemmatisation and entry structures.... 54
3.4.5 Convention and variation in entry structures............... 56
3.4.6 Multi-lemmatic dictionary entries.......................... 59
3.4.7 Representation forms: layout and typographic
conventions in the entry................................... 61
3.5 Representation forms beyond the entry............................. 62
3.5.1 Pictorial illustrations.................................... 63
3.5.2 Charts..................................................... 66
3.5.3 Usage Notes................................................ 67
4 Information Types in Monolingual Dictionaries............................ 71
4.1 Information on meaning: describing senses......................... 71
4.1.1 Linguistic considerations: distinguishing between
different senses of a word................................. 71
4.1.2 Lexicographic aspects: how can meaning be shown in
monolingual dictionaries?.................................. 72
4.1.3 What do dictionary definitions do?......................... 75
4.1.4 The vocabulary of definitions.............................. 77
4.1.4.1 The policy of using a flexibly applied
controlled defining vocabulary..................... 77
4.1.4.2 Defining vocabulary and the lexicoparameter of
accuracy........................................... 78
4.1.4.3 The design of a controlled defining vocabulary..... 80
4.1.5 Syntax of definitions...................................... 81
4.1.5.1 Complexity of definitions.......................... 81
4.1.5.2 Full sentence definitions.......................... 82
4.2 Further aspects of meaning and use................................ 83
4.2.1 Types of associative meaning............................... 83
8
Table of Contents
4.2.2 Forms of lexicographical representation.................. 85
4.2.3 Lexicographical practice................................. 86
4.3 Dialectal varieties of English.................................. 87
4.3.1 Standard and non-standard varieties...................... 87
4.3.2 Information on dialectal variation to be given in dictionaries 88
4.3.2.1 Differences in linguistic form................... 89
4.3.2.2 Differences in meaning........................... 90
4.4 Relations with other lexemes and other lexical units............ 92
4.5 Pronunciation................................................... 93
4.5.1 The status of information on pronunciation in English
dictionaries........................................... 93
4.5.2 Representing pronunciation in dictionaries: transcription
systems................................................ 94
4.5.3 Phonemes or phones?...................................... 95
4.6 Spelling........................................................ 96
4.7 Grammatical information......................................... 98
4.7.1 Item-related grammatical features........................ 98
4.7.2 Word class............................................... 99
4.7.3 Restricting the scope of a word class label - specifying
particular grammatical features......................... 101
4.7.4 Word forms.............................................. 102
4.7.5 Information on valency.................................. 103
4.7.5.1 Valency and valency patterns.................... 103
4.7.5.2 Lexicographic forms of representation........... 105
4.8 Multi-word units............................................... 110
4.8.1 Two views of collocation................................ 110
4.8.2 The representation of collocational information in
dictionaries............................................ Ill
4.8.3 The idiom principle and its consequences for lexicography. 115
4.9 Frequency...................................................... 120
4.10 Anticipating errors............................................ 122
4.11 Etymology................................................... 123
4.12 Examples....................................................... 124
4.12.1 Importance and function of examples..................... 124
4.12.2 Formal aspects.......................................... 125
4.12.3 Types of examples: invented and authentic............... 126
4.12.4 Choosing examples....................................... 128
9
Table of Contents
5 Information Types in Bilingual Dictionaries............................. 131
5.1 Mono- and bilingual dictionaries.................................. 131
5.1.1 Expectations by users and language professionals........... 131
5.1.2 Direction of use: bi- and mono functional dictionaries.... 132
5.1.3 Information types in mono- and bilingual dictionaries..... 134
5.2 Equivalence in bilingual dictionaries............................. 135
5.2.1 Lexicographic equivalence as an information type........... 135
5.2.2 Equivalence in lexicography and translation theory......... 138
5.2.3 Interlingual equivalence and structural semantics.......... 140
5.2.3.1 The arbitrariness of meaning...................... 140
5.2.3.2 The complexity of equivalence relations........... 143
5.2.4 Lexicographic equivalence................................. 146
5.2.5 Forms of representation of equivalence in bilingual
dictionaries............................................... 147
5.2.5.1 Equivalent discrimination and lemma identification. 147
5.2.5.2 Labels............................................. 150
5.3 The indication of meaning in bilingual dictionaries............... 152
5.3.1 Culture specific words..................................... 152
5.3.2 Forms of semantic representation in bilingual dictionaries.. 153
5.4 Pronunciation, spelling and grammar............................. 154
5.4.1 Direction of use and functionality......................... 154
5.4.2 Pronunciation.............................................. 157
5.4.3 Orthography................................................ 158
5.4.4 Grammar.................................................... 160
5.4.4.1 Purposes of grammatical information in the
bilingual dictionary................................ 160
5.4.4.2 Grammatical models................................. 161
5.4.4.3 The representation of grammatical information..... 163
5.5 Beyond the word: phraseological information in bilingual
dictionaries...................................................... 166
5.5.1 Lexemic and non-lexemic multi-word units................... 166
5.5.2 Equivalence relations of idioms............................ 166
5.5.3 Collocation................................................ 167
5.5.3.1 The inherently contrastive character of collocation .. 167
5.5.3.2 The representation of collocations in the bilingual
dictionary.......................................... 169
5.5.3.3 The place of collocations in the bilingual dictionary 170
5.5.4 Translated sentences and phrases........................... 171
5.5.4.1 Examples......................................... 171
5.5.4.2 Probabemes and the idiom-principle................. 172
5.5.5 Multi-word units and the lexico-parameter of accuracy..... 174
10
Table of Contents
5.5.6 Multi-word-units and the lexico-parameter of
completeness................................................ 175
5.5.7 The representation of multi-word units......................... 176
5.6 The status of bilingual dictionaries.................................. 177
6 Electronic Dictionaries................................................... 181
6.1 Electronic dictionaries or dictionaries in the electronic medium?.... 181
6.2 Content............................................................. 183
6.3 Format................................................................ 184
6.3.1 Text........................................................... 184
6.3.2 Audio.......................................................... 185
6.3.3 Video.......................................................... 186
6.4 Medium................................................................ 188
6.4.1 Hyperlinking................................................... 188
6.4.2 A flexible, usage-driven microstructure........................ 189
6.4.3 Search routines in e-dictionaries.............................. 191
6.4.3.1 Lemma searches and phrasal searches................... 191
6.4.3.2 Advanced searches................................ 193
6.5 The end of the printed dictionary?.................................... 195
7 The Data of Lexicography.................................................. 197
7.1 The dictionary base................................................... 197
7.2 Langue data: introspection and elicitation............................ 198
7.3 Parole data: citations................................................ 200
7.4 Parole data: corpora.................................................. 202
7.4.1 The corpus revolution: advantages and limitations of
corpora....................................................... 202
7.4.2 The development of corpora in lexicography..................... 204
7.4.3 The use of corpora in lexicography............................. 206
7.5 Secondary sources..................................................... 211
8 A Survey of English Dictionaries........................................ 213
8.1 The evolution of English dictionaries: a historical sketch. 213
8.2 English dictionaries today: general and specialized................... 215
8.3 Historical dictionaries............................................... 217
8.3.1 Diachronic dictionaries........................................ 218
8.3.2 Period dictionaries............................................ 220
11
Table of Contents
8.4 Idiom and phrasal verb dictionaries............................... 221
8.5 Syntagmatic dictionaries.......................................... 225
8.5.1 Collocation dictionaries.................................. 225
8.5.2 Valency dictionaries...................................... 228
8.6 Paradigmatic dictionaries......................................... 231
8.6.1 Synonym dictionaries and thesauri......................... 23 l
8.6.2 Pictorial dictionaries.................................... 235
8.7 Pronunciation dictionaries........................................ 237
8.8 Learner’s dictionaries.......................................... 241
8.8.1 Characteristics of the monolingual learner’s dictionary... 242
8.8.2 The evolution of the English learner’s dictionary......... 243
8.8.3 Encyclopedic learner’s dictionaries....................... 245
8.8.4 English lexicography and the learner’s dictionary......... 246
References 249
R.1 Dictionaries...................................................... 249
R.2 Further references................................................ 258
List of Reproductions........................................................ 279
Terminological Index......................................................... 283
|
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| series2 | Grundlagen der Anglistik und Amerikanistik |
| spellingShingle | Klotz, Michael Herbst, Thomas 1953- English dictionaries a linguistic introduction Grundlagen der Anglistik und Amerikanistik Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Lexikografie (DE-588)4035548-2 gnd |
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| title | English dictionaries a linguistic introduction |
| title_auth | English dictionaries a linguistic introduction |
| title_exact_search | English dictionaries a linguistic introduction |
| title_full | English dictionaries a linguistic introduction Michael Klotz and Thomas Herbst ; with the assistance of Kevin Pike |
| title_fullStr | English dictionaries a linguistic introduction Michael Klotz and Thomas Herbst ; with the assistance of Kevin Pike |
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| title_short | English dictionaries |
| title_sort | english dictionaries a linguistic introduction |
| title_sub | a linguistic introduction |
| topic | Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Lexikografie (DE-588)4035548-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Englisch Lexikografie Wörterbuch Lehrbuch |
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