Bukovohorská kultúra na Slovensku vo svetle výskumov v Šarišských Michaľanoch a Zemplínskych Kopčanoch:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Slowakisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Nitra
Archeologický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied
2015
Bratislava Veda, vydavateľstvo SAV 2015 |
| Schriftenreihe: | Archaeologica Slovaca Monographiae / Studia
tomus 20 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028629513&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028629513&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028629513&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | 370 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9788089315611 9788022414449 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bukovohorská kultúra na Slovensku vo svetle výskumov v Šarišských Michaľanoch a Zemplínskych Kopčanoch |c Rastislav Hreha, Stanislav Šiška |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a The Bükk culture in Slovakia in the light of the investigations in Šarišské Michaľany and Zemplínske Kopčany |
| 264 | 1 | |a Nitra |b Archeologický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied |c 2015 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bratislava |b Veda, vydavateľstvo SAV |c 2015 | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Archaeologica Slovaca |a Monographiae / Studia |v tomus 20 | |
| 546 | |a Zusammenfassung auf Englisch unter dem Titel: The Bükk culture in Slovakia in the light of the investigations in Šarišské Michaľany and Zemplínske Kopčany | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819287391493423104 |
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| adam_text | LITERATÚRA A PRAMENE
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Siska 1996 - S. Siska: Zist ovaci vyskum osady bukovohorskej kultury v Kochanovciach. AVANS 1994, 1996, 172-173.
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Siska 1998a - S. Siska: Architektüra neolitickej osady v Sarisskych Michalanoch. Slov. Arch. 46,1998, 187-204.
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Siska 1999 - S. Siska: Vysinne sidliskä bukovohorskej kultury na Slovensku/Höhensiedlungen der Bükker Kultur in der Slowakei.
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Siska 2000c - S. Siska: Hrebene bukovohorskej kultury zo Sarisskych Michalian (v kontexte s neolitickymi hrebehmi z Potisia. In: Sbornik Miroslavu Buchvaldkovi. Most 2000, 243-247.
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THE BUKK CULTURE IN SLOVAKIA IN THE LIGHT OF THE INVESTIGATIONS IN
SARISSKE MICHALANY AND ZEMPLINSKE KOPCANY
Summary
Thanks to the systematic work of PhDr. S. Siska, DrSc. in 1970s and 1980s during the investigation of the multi-phase settlement at the sites of Zemplinske Kopcany and Sarisske Michal’any Slovak archaeology has made a remarkable quantitative progress in the investigation of the Neolithic in East Slovakia. Following the Biikk culture settlement in the context of housing estates makes the results of those investigations even more important.
The core of this work comprises evaluation of the non-processed or partially processed archaeological material from the investigation in Sarisske Michalany, site of Fedelemka, which belongs to the qualitatively and quantitatively best investigated sites of the Biikk culture in general. Taking the detailed analysis of the archaeological material from Sarisske Michalany and the results of the investigation in Zemplinske Kopcany into consideration, several directions of cultural influences from the central and northern parts of the Carpathian basin and outside it are suggested with regard to mainly pottery finds. The area of East Slovakia (with the exception of Saris), which represents a large part of the Biikk culture s mother area in our country, is considered part of the northern Tisza region s influential zone in the middle Neolithic. Like with many other prehistoric societies, we do not have large and qualitatively more valuable archaeological sources from the middle Neolithic which could be used to compare and study the given cultural unit more complexly. With regard to these insufficiencies, I used analogies of the neighbouring cultures which existed in more or less the same period.
Slovak literature dealing with the Biikk culture still uses the chronology elaborated by /. Lichardus, who introduced the four-stage periodization on the basis of terrain surveys in the caves of Domica and Ardov (1968, 96-100; 1974, 83-93). Recently, mainly S. Siska has pointed out several times that the above mentioned chronology cannot be applied to the material from the sites of the Biikk culture outside the area of the Slovak Karst (Kaczanozvska/Kozfowski/Siska 1993, 21; Siska 1991, 70; 1995a, 43; 2000, 386). He inclines toward the three-stage division elaborated by Hungarian researchers, N. Kalicz and /. Makkay (1977, 43-49, 100-104).
We have recorded 206 sites of the Biikk culture in the territory of Slovakia. The settlements in Sarisske Michalany (Siska 1982, 272-275; 1983, 239-241; 1984, 210-212; 1985, 226-228; 1986a, 219-221; 1986b, 439-454; 1988, 132433; 1995a, 47-55) and Kecov-Domica cave (Eisner 1933a, 38-43; 1933b, 75-84; Bohm 1933; Bdrta 1957, 29-33; 1963-1964, 58-73; Lichardus 1968; 1974) have been studied systematically. Several features have been studied either at polycultural sites or there were only non-numerous find situations, like e. g. in Zemplinske Kopcany (Siska 1966, 49-76; 1974, 3-15; 1975, 102-105; 1976a, 231-237), Blazice, the group of three settlements at the sites of Pod Banou, Nad zeleznicnou stanicou Ruskov and Pod le-som (Pastor 1970b, 216), Bohdanovce at the sites of Hosszu kotel and Pod Rakosskym lesom (Pastor 1970a, 161-168; 1970b, 222-225; 1978b, 445-454), Ruskov, at the site of Nizny Messzelato (Pastor 1970a, 166-167), Humenne, at the site of Pod Soko-lom (Strakosova 2002; M. Vizdal 1989), Cierne Pole, at the site of Konopianky and the cooperative s farmyard (Siska 1977), Hnojne, at the site of Hlinky (Siska 1979), Zemplinske Hradiste, at the site of Konopianky (Chovanec 1988c; 1997; M. Haj-nalovd/Mihdlyiovd 1997) and in Stranska, at the site of Kraliny II (Rusndk 2007, 164466). First graves of the Biikk culture ever were studied in Zemplinske Kopcany and later in Sarisske Michalany. Unfortunatelv, no other comparable investigations at the sites of the Biikk culture have been carried out since then to enrich its poor database of sources. Thus, the complex elaboration of find reports, as well as the quality and quantity of finds from the systematic investigations of S. Siska in Sarisske Michalany and Zemplinske Kopcany were essential for the study this topic.
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The goal of the investigation
Elaboration of a catalogue of all the Biikk culture sites known and recorded so far in the territory of Slovakia and their plotting on the map was the basis of one part of this work. The catalogue contains basic information about each site. The core of the work lies mainly in the evaluation of pottery from the settlements and graves with regard to our current knowledge, so that it can become a basis for further study. We have included the results of recent investigations in Slovakia and Hungary. The goal was to create a typological scale of standard pottery forms, following the relations between the studied sites and other Biikk culture sites or other contemporary cultural units in the Tisza region. Last but not least, an attempt to outline its internal periodization and chronology was made.
Results of the work
The southern part of East Slovakia is a peripheral part of the Great Alfold bounded by the massive of the Carpathians and its prehistoric development inclined to the northern Tisza region. The situation was similar in the eastern part of the South Slovak basin in the area of the today s Gemer (Lucenec and Rimava basins, Slovak Karst). The people of the Eastern Linear Pottery culture settled in the lowland parts of East Slovakia in the old Neolithic. Most of their settlements were founded at sites with altitudes not higher than 300-350 m. Important factors which were crucial for the choice of settlement areas included nearby water sources and a specific kind of soil. Looking at the geographical distribution of settlements during the existence of the Eastern Linear Pottery culture, it was observed that the then people intentionally chose more fertile types of soil for their settlements. The soils are mostly chernozem and brown earth on which up to 70 % of settlements were built (Siska 1986b, 86). We can see an analogous situation in the Biikk culture environment, where mainly the old-phase settlements are found at the same localities which had been settled by the Tisza-dob culture. The Biikk culture settlements in the Slovak part of the northern Tisza region were concentrated not only on the terraces of the main rivers - the Hornad, Poprad, Torysa, Bodrog, Ondava, Laborec, Latorica and Uzh - but mostly of their smaller contributaries (Fig. 1). River basins of the Rimava, Slana, Bodva and upper Laborec, Ondava and Topl’a have not been studied in detail so far. The most intense settlement was found in the Kosice basin, Hornad and Poprad basins in Spis, the southern part of the East Slovak Lowland, the area of Sarisske podolie and Rimava basin. The region of Spis is special due to the influence of the development in the southeast of Poland (Siska 1989, 25). As for the territory of Hungary, monuments of the Biikk
culture are concentrated mainly in the counties of Abauj and Borsod along the lower Hornad, Bodva, Slana and on the right bank of the Tisza. In the northeastern corner of Hungary, the Biikk culture crosses the Tisza river and enters the area left of its bank (Kalicz/Makkay 1977, Map 5, 6; Lichardus 1974, tab. 1).
Settlements of the Biikk culture people were often founded at the same sites which had been settled in the previous periods by the Tiszadob and Raskovce groups. This is true only about the lowland settlements situated on the banks of lareger rivers contributaries. During the Biikk culture s existence, the settlement areas move to the sites with higher altitudes (upland sites) and to caves. Lack of extensive investigations makes creating a complex picture of the character and size of the built settlements rather difficult.
The settlement features from Sarisske Michalany and Zemplinske Kopcany have been divided into two main categories - recessed and surface features. 14 types and their variants have been distinguished within the recessed settlement pits. The typological division of the recessed features was based on their outer morphological characteristics. There were 109 storage pits and, wihtin the elaborated classification, they were divided into groups la, lb, Ha, Tib, IV, Va and Vb. The common characteristics of all types of storage pits was their circular or oval ground plan. The circular ground plan prevailed. No preserved designs of walls have been found. At the same time, their morphology was suitable for storing food. For example, a flat bottom could have been more suitable for storing food in vessels. These are their typical characteristics:
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• narrow upper part widening towards the bottom
• flat bottom
• uniform backfill (relatively rich in finds)
Recessed features of types III, VI, VII, VIII, XI and non-classified lower parts of pits had an unclear function. Compared to the storage pits, their sizes were often larger. If they were exploitation pits or also storage pits (mostly those of smaller sizes), remains a question.
Another type of documented features is represented by heating devices - ovens with 4 distinguished types - XIII, XIV, XV and XVI.
It follows from the sites investigated so far that the Biikk culture settlements were often small and inhabited by less numerous family units. We can see on the example of Sarisske Michal’any that the settlement comprised at least 2-3 houses. Houses are confirmed by the continuous regular rectangular layers of daub. Feature 1 represents the only wholly preserved ground plan of a living space. Feature 123 has not been studied completely. With regard to the best find situation, Feature 1 can be regarded as the architectonic prototype of a Biikk culture house. Besides the continuous daub layer determining its shape of 4.15 x 6.35 m, two large pole pits have been preserved. The residential character of the feature is documented by the dome oven whose destruction was discovered in the southeastern corner. Its interior design suggests that it was a one-space type with the area of 26 m2. The author of the investigation supposes that the loft was used as well so the living space could have been doubled. The rather rich inventory and burned daub suggest destruction of the houses in fire. The walls were probably wickered and plastered with clay. Large exploitation pits prove the use of local clays (Features 9,15, 21, 210, 227).
Burial rite
Funeral practices of the Biikk culture community are documented by the graves discovered right in the settlement areas of Sarisske Michal any and Zemplinske Kopcany. The bodies were most frequently placed in rectangular or, less frequently, oval pits. In Sarisske Michal’any, there was one regular burial in a settlement pit. Skeletons from both settlements were deposited in strongly squatting position, most often on their left sides (14 burials) with NE-SW orientation (11 burials) and E-W orientation (6 burials). Religious concepts and the belief in afterlife are documented by the above mentioned rites as well as grave goods (mainly pottery, stone tools, spondyla jewellery) or spreading red paint over the dead. Inhumation in the burial rite has its roots in the older period. Bearers of the Alfold Linear Pottery culture buried their dead in a similar way. The Biikk culture society continued using the skeleton burial, burying their dead within the settlements. No independent necropolises are known from that period.
Material culture
The material culture of the Biikk culture is represented mainly by pottery including various vessel forms. It is complemented with tiny items made of stone, clay, animal bones or antlers. A special group contains small anthropomorphic and zoomorphic sculptures which were either applied on some objects or were independent movable inventory.
The elaborated scale of pottery shapes was based on distinguished morphological characteristics. It followed from the shape of bottom, body, neck and mouth of a vessel. It also took distribution of handles and plastic protrusions over the body into consideration. With regard to the fact that the typology of the Biikk culture vessels has not been elaborated, it was necessary to elaborate and divide complete pottery shapes into individual types. Capital letters in combination with Arabic numerals were used to mark the categories. A limited shape scale of pottery stands in a strong contrast with the rich and unique decoration. Creation of the typological scale was limited by the quantity of the wholly preserved individuals which were finally included in it. The most numerous type of thin-walled pottery and the most typical Biikk culture shape is a deep semi-spherical to three-quarter-spherical
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decorated bowl with a wide mouth of type A. Seven variants have been distinguished within this shape (A1-A7). Other distinguished basic types comprise bowls of types B1 and B2, pseudo-amphoras of types El and E2, ampho-ras of type F and a vase of type G. Thick-walled pottery is represented by semi-spherical bowls of types Cl and C2, conic bowls of types D1-D5, bottle-shaped storage vessels of type H, pots of types II and 12, amphora-shaped pots of type J and bowls on stems of type K , which have been preserved only as rare fragments.
Decoration on pottery was studied individually. It was necessary to elaborate our own procedure to determin the criteria and define its individual elements. Engraved decoration on the Biikk culture pottery itself is one of the most perfect and complex decorations within the prehistoric Carpathian basin. It proves the excellent skills and creativity of its producers (Lichardus 1970, 93; Siska 1995, 33). The collection of vessels with often bizarre decoration does not contain any two examples with identical main decoration. Similar motifs are frequent, mainly the predominant helix, but it always comes in combination with different complementary patterns. The engraved decoration on pottery can be divided into six groups, according to its position: main, complementary - inter-decoration, under the rim, above the bottom, on the bottom and on the inside. In general, it was divided into several groups, according to the technique - A/grooves (thin, thick), B/punctures (circular, slanting, Fiirchenstich , triangular, square, rectangular), C/impressed shallow circular dimples, D/plastic protrusions (cylindrical, pointed, lingulate), tapes, barbotine (pseudobarbotine) and E/perforation. Thin-walled and thick-walled pottery were evaluated separately. As for the thin-walled pottery, thinly engraved ornament prevailed; the thick-walled pottery was mostly decorated with plastic protrusions and perforations. We often come across engraved characters - ideograms on the Biikk culture sherds (negative ornament, letters - T, M, X, H, swastika, cross ideogram, quadratic symbol). They occur on the thin-walled as well as thick-walled pottery as part of a decorative scheme or as isolated representations.
Although the studied material of the Biikk culture from Sarisske Michal any and Zemplinske Kopcany seems compact and homogenous, we managed to identify some evidence of foreign elements present on the pottery. In some cases, they bring clear evidence of direct contacts of the Biikk culture with the contemporary cultural groups - Szilmeg culture, Raskovce and Zeliezovce groups.
Analyzing about 615 pieces of chipped stone industry from settlement objects and other 580 pieces from the cultural layer, we found out that the local raw material - red-brown radiolarite - prevails. Products made of obsidian, slate, opal, jasper, claystone and limnosilicite are less numerous. Four depots of cores and two depots of blades come from the settlement. Ffigh-quality processing is visible on the finds of ground stone industry. Trapezoidal axes are the most frequent tool, wedges are less frequent. Claystone was used to produce them. Nine finds of globular hammers were made of amphibolite.
Bearers of the Biikk culture often used animal bones to make various items. The tools for everyday use included awls. Unique finds documenting hair-styling include three decorated combs with holes.
Finds of flat triangular weights and spindle whorls indirectly suggest textile production. Analysis of botanic samples also proved processing of flax. On the basis of analogies, theoretically, we assume that animal skins were also processed locally.
We can expect that barter existed during the Biikk culture. It is suggested by the finds of the Spondylus gaede-ropus shells. It occurs exclusively near the Mediterranean. Although the finds from Sarisske Michal any are so far unique within the Neolithic in East Slovakia, their occurence has been documented in the Tisza region during the Alfold Linear culture pottery period. Contacts of the domestic people with the surrounding areas are also documented by the finds of the Krakow flint and Volhynia chert. Finds of the Szilmeg culture pottery in Sarisske Mi-
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chalany are probably also related to trade. Painted pottery found in the burial complexes in Zemplinske Kopcany, however, suggests a certain co-existence with the Raskovce group bearers.
Conclusions
Despite the rather rich settlement of Slovakia in the time of the Biikk culture s existence, the prevailing part of its sites has been identified on the basis of surface prospecting. Many non-stratified finds with insufficient informative value and absent investigation of larger settlements cause serious problems with its detailed division and chronological position within the middle Neolithic. In spite of these problems, we have tried to suggest a relative chronology of the Bukk culture on the basis of the elaborated analyses of shapes and decoration of pottery from Sarisske Michalany and Zemplinske Kopcany. Solution of the genesis is accompanied by various difficulties. Nevertheless, it could lie in the gradual transformation of the Tiszadob group into the Biikk culture. This presumed development is supported to some extent by the find situation at the site in Sarisske Michalany. These assumptions, besides the mutually interfering features in the common settlement areas, are supported by the development of pottery and decorative elements of both cultures. We cannot exclude the possibility that in part of the area, the final phase of development of the Tiszadob culture could have been partially contemporary with the older phase of the Biikk culture. Influence of the Raskovce group could have contributed to its origin as its close contacts with the Tiszadob group are confirmed at several sites - Michalovce, Lucky, Secovska Polianka (Siska 1989,131). The following oldest horizon is named after Zemplinske Kopcany. It is characterized by a narrow scale of thin-walled pottery forms. It is recorded mostly in the East Slovak Lowland and it often occurs together with the painted pottery of the Raskovce group. In conventional internal periodizations, it is identical with stage AB according to /. Lichardus (1968; 1974) and phase I according to N. Kalicz and /. Makkay (1977). The following development is named as Sarisske
Michalany horizon and it contains the biggest expansion of the culture as well as most Biikk culture sites. We can observe new variants of the Biikk culture pottery form A - deep bowl. The existence of the wider scale of deep bowls suggests the evident trend in their production tending to more significant biconization and S-profile in the younger period. In general, we can say that in the older phase of the Biikk culture, the main decorative motif consisted of a smaller number of lines which multiplied in time and also became finer (.Kalicz/ Makkay 1977, 47). A new element - negative decoration - appeared in the so-called complementary or inter-decoration. Red and yellow incrustations occur along with the typical white. They are almost regularly related to the decor consisting of several band lines. It actually does not disprove the theory of the repeated reduction of lines and gradual retardation and disintegration of decorative schemes (Lichardus 1968,100; 1974, 93). Polishing of the vessel surface appears. The polished areas cover more and more space on the surface and make the engraved decoration disappear. In the younger horiznon, fragments of the Szilmeg pottery with typical punctures appear. With the exception of a non-decorated bowl on stem, Zeliezov-ce elements are surprisingly absent.
Although the number of absolute data has been rising recently, we still do not have enough data from the Biikk culture period. On the basis of the results of the analyzed samples from seven features in Sarisske Michalany, we can partially parallelize the existence of the Biikk culture (at least its younger phase) with several cultures in the Tisza region. The chronological position of the settlement in Sarisske Michalany (5170±84 - 5016±39 calBC) does not defy the suggested cultural horizon Szakalhat-Esztar-Biikk culture. This youngest period of the middle Neolithic is approximately limited by years 5260-4880 cal BC in the absolute chronology (Hertelendi et al. 1998, Table 1).
This work mainly evaluates the archaeological material of the Biikk culture from Sarisske Michalany and Zemplinske Kopcany. The lack of analogous collections and a narrow source base influenced the possibilities of final interpretations in some cases. In spite of that, a typological scale of vessel shapes from the above mentioned settlements has been elaborated. It became a basis for the elaboration of relative chronology of the Biikk culture in the studied area.
With regard to the current state of the insufficient sources, it is necessary to point out that some conclusions will have to be corrected in the future. The obtained results could be used in further study of the Biikk culture.
208
OBSAH
ÚVOD..................................................................................................7
PREDMET, CIEE A METÓDY................................................................................8
HISTORIA BÁDANIA......................................................................................10
GEOGRAFICKÉ A PRÍRODNÉ POMERY.........................................................................12
SÍDLISKÁ..............................................................................................14
Topografía sidlisk.................................................................................15
Typológia objektov bukovohorskej kultúry zo Sarisskych Michalian a Zemplinskych Kopcian............17
Typológia zahlbenych objektov..................................................................17
Typológia nezahlbenych objektov. Nadzemné stavby obytného charakteru...........................28
Typológia tepelnych zariadení (pece, kozuby a ich destrukcie)..................................29
Vyhodnotenie sidliskovych objektov.................................................................33
ARCHEOBOTANICKÉ A ARCHEOZOOLOGICKÉ NÁLEZY.............................................................42
HROBY.................................................................................................44
Pochovávanie mftvych na sídliskách.................................................................44
Antropológia a demografía..........................................................................46
Charakteristika hrobovych jám s hrobovej vybavy....................................................48
Hrobové jamy...................................................................................48
Hrobová vybava.................................................................................50
Keramické nádoby............................................................................51
Spondylovy sperk............................................................................55
Ostatné milodary............................................................................56
Pohreby rítus a nábozenské predstavy...............................................................58
MATERIÁLNA KULTÚRA....................................................................................60
Typológia a Charakteristika keramiky zo Sarisskych Michalian.......................................60
Tenkostenná keramika...........................................................................60
Hrubostenná keramika...........................................................................67
Atypické a ojedinelé tvary.....................................................................73
Drobné predmety z hliny........................................................................76
Vyhodnotenie keramiky zo Sarisskych Michalian......................................................78
Typológia a Charakteristika keramiky zo Zemplinskych Kopcian.......................................85
Tenkostenná keramika...........................................................................85
Hrubostenná keramika...........................................................................88
Vyhodnotenie keramiky zo Zemplinskych Kopcian......................................................88
Vyzdoba a jej symbol icky vyznam...................................................................90
Tenkostenná keramika...........................................................................91
Hrubostenná keramika.......................................................................... 106
Symboly a ideogramy.............................................................................109
Cudzie vply vy a importy v materiálnej náplni bukovohorskej kultúry................................113
Vplyv kultúry Szilmeg...........................................................................113
Vplyv kultúry Raskovce..........................................................................114
Vplyv kultúry Szakálhát.........................................................................115
Vplyv zeliezovskej skupiny......................................................................116
KAMENNÁ INDUSTRIA......................................................................................117
Stiepaná kamenná industria.........................................................................117
Brúsená kamenná industria..........................................................................119
KOSTENÁ INDUSTRIA......................................................................................123
Pracovné nástroje..................................................................................123
Toaletné hrebene................................................................................. 124
CHRONOLÓGIA BUKOVOHORSKEJ KULTÚRY NA SLOVENSKU.........................................................125
Relatívna chronológia............................................................................ 125
Otázky genézy (vyvoj predchádzajúci bukovohorskú kultúru).......................................127
Starsie obdobie bukovohorskej kultúry (stupeñ Zemplínske Kopcany)...............................128
Mladsie obdobie bukovohorskej kultúry (stupeñ Sarisské Michalany)...............................129
Bukovohorská kultúra vo sv.etle absolútnych dát 14C................................................130
ZÁVER..................................................................................................132
KATALÓG................................................................................................135
Súpis lokalít bukovohorskej kultúry na Slovensku...................................................135
Opis objektov bukovohorskej kultúry zo Sarisskych Michalian........................................174
Opis objektov bukovohorskej kultúry zo Zemplínskych Kopcian........................................198
Opis hrobov bukovohorskej kultúry zo Sarisskych Michalian..........................................199
Opis hrobov bukovohorskej kultúry zo Zemplínskych Kopcian..........................................202
THE BÜKK CULTURE IN SLOVAKIA IN THE LIGHT OF THE INVESTIGATIONS IN SARISSKÉ MICHALANY
AND ZEMPLÍNSKE KOPCANY
Summary............................................................................................204
LITERATURA A PRAMENE...................................................................................209
Zoznam skratiek pouzitych v literatúre.............................................................224
OBRAZOVÁ PRÍLOHA
227
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hreha, Rastislav 1977- Šiška, Stanislav 1935-2001 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1081655666 (DE-588)124966446 |
| author_facet | Hreha, Rastislav 1977- Šiška, Stanislav 1935-2001 |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Hreha, Rastislav 1977- |
| author_variant | r h rh s š sš |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043206305 |
| classification_rvk | NF 2490 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)951850973 (DE-599)BVBBV043206305 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Slowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV043206305 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T17:31:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788089315611 9788022414449 |
| language | Slovak |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028629513 |
| oclc_num | 951850973 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 370 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Archeologický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied Veda, vydavateľstvo SAV |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Archaeologica Slovaca Monographiae / Studia |
| spellingShingle | Hreha, Rastislav 1977- Šiška, Stanislav 1935-2001 Bukovohorská kultúra na Slovensku vo svetle výskumov v Šarišských Michaľanoch a Zemplínskych Kopčanoch Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Bükker Kultur (DE-588)4520589-9 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4520589-9 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4055297-4 |
| title | Bukovohorská kultúra na Slovensku vo svetle výskumov v Šarišských Michaľanoch a Zemplínskych Kopčanoch |
| title_alt | The Bükk culture in Slovakia in the light of the investigations in Šarišské Michaľany and Zemplínske Kopčany |
| title_auth | Bukovohorská kultúra na Slovensku vo svetle výskumov v Šarišských Michaľanoch a Zemplínskych Kopčanoch |
| title_exact_search | Bukovohorská kultúra na Slovensku vo svetle výskumov v Šarišských Michaľanoch a Zemplínskych Kopčanoch |
| title_full | Bukovohorská kultúra na Slovensku vo svetle výskumov v Šarišských Michaľanoch a Zemplínskych Kopčanoch Rastislav Hreha, Stanislav Šiška |
| title_fullStr | Bukovohorská kultúra na Slovensku vo svetle výskumov v Šarišských Michaľanoch a Zemplínskych Kopčanoch Rastislav Hreha, Stanislav Šiška |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bukovohorská kultúra na Slovensku vo svetle výskumov v Šarišských Michaľanoch a Zemplínskych Kopčanoch Rastislav Hreha, Stanislav Šiška |
| title_short | Bukovohorská kultúra na Slovensku vo svetle výskumov v Šarišských Michaľanoch a Zemplínskych Kopčanoch |
| title_sort | bukovohorska kultura na slovensku vo svetle vyskumov v sarisskych michalanoch a zemplinskych kopcanoch |
| topic | Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Bükker Kultur (DE-588)4520589-9 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Bükker Kultur Ausgrabung Slowakei |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028629513&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028629513&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028629513&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012446236 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hreharastislav bukovohorskakulturanaslovenskuvosvetlevyskumovvsarisskychmichalanochazemplinskychkopcanoch AT siskastanislav bukovohorskakulturanaslovenskuvosvetlevyskumovvsarisskychmichalanochazemplinskychkopcanoch AT hreharastislav thebukkcultureinslovakiainthelightoftheinvestigationsinsarisskemichalanyandzemplinskekopcany AT siskastanislav thebukkcultureinslovakiainthelightoftheinvestigationsinsarisskemichalanyandzemplinskekopcany |