Principles of optics for engineers: diffraction and modal analysis
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027766700&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Physical Description: | x, 228 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781107074903 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Chang, William S. C. |d 1931- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)142954802 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of optics for engineers |b diffraction and modal analysis |c by William S. C. Chang, University of California, San Diego |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge |b Cambridge University Press |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a x, 228 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Optical engineering | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Diffraction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Modal analysis | |
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| _version_ | 1819374964918190080 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Introduction 1
1 Optical plane waves in an unbounded medium 4
1.1 Introduction to optical plane waves 4
1.1.1 Plane waves and Maxwell’s equations 4
(a) The y-polarized plane wave 5
(b) The x-polarized plane wave 6
1.1.2 Plane waves in an arbitrary direction 7
1.1.3 Evanescent plane waves 9
1.1.4 Intensity and power 9
1.1.5 Superposition and plane wave modes 10
(a) Plane waves with circular polarization 10
(b) Interference of coherent plane waves 10
(c) Representation by summation of plane waves 11
1.1.6 Representation of plane waves as optical rays 13
1.2 Mirror reflection of plane waves 14
1.2.1 Plane waves polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence 14
1.2.2 Plane waves polarized in the plane of incidence 15
1.2.3 Plane waves with arbitrary polarization 15
1.2.4 The intensity 15
1.2.5 Ray representation of reflection 15
1.2.6 Reflection from a spherical mirror 16
1.3 Refraction of plane waves 17
1.3.1 Plane waves polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence 17
1.3.2 Plane waves polarized in the plane of incidence 19
1.3.3 Properties of refracted and transmitted waves 20
(a) Transmission and reflection at different incident angles 20
(b) Total internal reflection 21
(c) Refraction and reflection of arbitrary polarized waves 21
(d) Ray representation of refraction 21
1.3.4 Refraction and dispersion in prisms 22
(a) Plane wave analysis of prisms 22
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Contents
(b) Ray analysis of prisms
(c) Thin prism represented as a transparent layer with a varying
index
1.3.5 Refraction in a lens
(a) Ray analysis of a thin lens
(b) Thin lens represented as a transparency with varying
index
1.4 Geometrical relations in image formation
1.5 Reflection and transmission at a grating
1.6 Pulse propagation of plane waves
Chapter summary
Superposition of plane waves and applications
2.1 Reflection and anti-reflection coatings
2.2 Fabry-Perot resonance
2.2.1 Multiple reflections and Fabry-Perot resonance
2.2.2 Properties of Fabry-Perot resonance
2.2.3 Applications of the Fabry-Perot resonance
(a) The Fabry-Perot scanning interferometer
(b) Measurement of refractive properties of materials
(c) Resonators for filtering and time delay of signals
2.3 Reconstruction of propagating waves
2.4 Planar waveguide modes viewed as internal reflected plane waves
2.4.1 Plane waves incident from the cladding
2.4.2 Plane waves incident from the substrate
(a) Incident plane waves with sin 1 [nc/ns) 0S 7r/2
(b) Incident plane waves with 0 6S sin 1 (nc/ns)
2.4.3 Plane waves incident within the waveguide: the planar waveguide
modes
2.4.4 The hollow dielectric waveguide mode
Chapter summary
Scalar wave equation and diffraction of optical radiation
3.1 The scalar wave equation
3.2 The solution of the scalar wave equation: Kirchhoff’s diffraction
integral
3.2.1 Kirchhoff’s integral and the unit impulse response
3.2.2 Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffractions
3.2.3 Applications of diffraction integrals
(a) Far field diffraction pattern of an aperture
(b) Far field radiation intensity pattern of a lens
Contents
vil
(c) Fraunhofer diffraction in the focal plane of a lens 62
(d) The lens viewed as a transformation element 65
3.2.4 Convolution theory and other mathematical techniques 65
(a) The convolution relation 66
(b) Double slit diffraction 66
(c) Diffraction by an opaque disk 67
(d) The Fresnel lens 67
(e) Spatial filtering 67
Chapter summary 71
4 Optical resonators and Gaussian beams 73
4.1 Integral equations for laser cavities 74
4.2 Modes in confocal cavities 75
4.2.1 The simplified integral equation for confocal cavities 75
4.2.2 Analytical solutions of the modes in confocal cavities 77
4.2.3 Properties of resonant modes in confocal cavities 78
(a) The transverse field pattern 78
(b) The resonance frequency 79
(c) The orthogonality of the modes 79
(d) A simplified analytical expression of the field 80
(e) The spot size 81
(f) The diffraction loss 81
(g) The line width of resonances 82
4.2.4 Radiation fields inside and outside the cavity 83
(a) The far field pattern of the TEM modes 84
(b) A general expression for the TEM/w Gaussian modes 84
(c) An example to illustrate confocal cavity modes 85
4.3 Modes of non-confocal cavities 86
4.3.1 Formation of a new cavity for known modes of confocal
resonator 86
4.3.2 Finding the virtual equivalent confocal resonator for a given set of
reflectors 88
4.3.3 A formal procedure to find the resonant modes in non-confocal
cavities 89
4.3.4 An example of resonant modes in a non-confocal cavity 91
4.4 The propagation and transformation of Gaussian beams (the ABCD
matrix) 91
4.4.1 A Gaussian mode as a solution of Maxwell’s equation 92
4.4.2 The physical meaning of the terms in the Gaussian beam
expression 94
4.4.3 The analysis of Gaussian beam propagation by matrix
transformation 95
4.4.4 Gaussian beam passing through a lens 97
Contents
viii
4.4.5 Gaussian beam passing through a spatial filter 98
4.4.6 Gaussian beam passing through a prism 100
4.4.7 Diffraction of a Gaussian beam by a grating 102
4.4.8 Focusing a Gaussian beam 103
4.4.9 An example of Gaussian mode matching 104
4.4.10 Modes in complex cavities 105
4.4.11 An example of the resonance mode in a ring cavity 106
Chapter summary 107
5 Optical waveguides and fibers 109
5.1 Introduction to optical waveguides and fibers 109
5.2 Electromagnetic analysis of modes in planar optical waveguides 112
5.2.1 The asymmetric planar waveguide 112
5.2.2 Equations for TE and TM modes 112
5.3 TE modes of planar waveguides 113
5.3.1 TE planar guided-wave modes 114
5.3.2 TE planar guided-wave modes in a symmetrical
waveguide 115
5.3.3 The cut-off condition of TE planar guided-wave modes 117
5.3.4 An example of TE planar guided-wave modes 118
5.3.5 TE planar substrate modes 119
5.3.6 TE planar air modes 119
5.4 TM modes of planar waveguides 121
5.4.1 TM planar guided-wave modes 121
5.4.2 TM planar guided-wave modes in a symmetrical waveguide 122
5.4.3 The cut-off condition of TM planar guided-wave modes 123
5.4.4 An example of TM planar guided-wave modes 123
5.4.5 TM planar substrate modes 124
5.4.6 TM planar air modes 125
5.4.7 Two practical considerations for TM modes 126
5.5 Guided waves in planar waveguides 126
5.5.1 The orthogonality of modes 126
5.5.2 Guided waves propagating in the y-z plane 127
5.5.3 Convergent and divergent guided waves 127
5.5.4 Refraction of a planar guided wave 128
5.5.5 Focusing and collimation of planar guided waves 129
(a) The Luneberg lens 129
(b) The geodesic lens 129
(c) The Fresnel diffraction lens 130
5.5.6 Grating diffraction of planar guided waves 131
5.5.7 Excitation of planar guided-wave modes 134
5.5.8 Multi-layer planar waveguides 135
Contents
IX
5.6 Channel waveguides 135
5.6.1 The effective index analysis 136
5.6.2 An example of the effective index method 140
5.6.3 Channel waveguide modes of complex structures 141
5.7 Guided-wave inodes in optical fibers 142
5.7.1 Guided-wave solutions of Maxwell’s equations 142
5.7.2 Properties of the modes in fibers 144
5.7.3 Properties of optical fibers in applications 145
5.7.4 The cladding modes 146
Chapter summary 146
Guided-wave interactions 148
6.1 Review of properties of the modes in a waveguide 149
6.2 Perturbation analysis 150
6.2.1 Derivation of perturbation analysis 150
6.2.2 A simple application of perturbation analysis: perturbation
by a nearby dielectric 152
6.3 Coupled mode analysis 153
6.3.1 Modes of two uncoupled parallel waveguides 153
6.3.2 Modes of two coupled waveguides 154
6.3.3 Ail example of coupled mode analysis: the grating reflection
filter 155
6.3.4 Another example of coupled mode analysis: the directional
coupler 160
6.4 Super mode analysis 163
6.5 Super modes of two parallel waveguides 163
6.5.1 Super inodes of two well-separated waveguides 164
6.5.2 Super modes of two coupled waveguides 164
6.5.3 Super modes of two coupled identical waveguides 166
(a) Super modes obtained from the effective index method 166
(b) Super modes obtained from coupled mode analysis 168
6.6 Directional coupling of two identical waveguides viewed as super
modes 169
6.7 Super mode analysis of the adiabatic Y-branch and Mach-Zehnder
interferometer 170
6.7.1 The adiabatic horn * 70
6.7.2 Super mode analysis of a symmetric Y-branch 171
(a) A single-mode Y-branch 171
(b) A double-mode Y-branch 173
6.7.3 Super mode analysis of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 173
Chapter summary 175
X
Contents
7 Passive waveguide devices 176
7.1 Waveguide and fiber tapers 176
7.2 Power dividers 176
7.2.1 The Y-branch equal-power splitter 177
7.2.2 The directional coupler 177
7.2.3 The multi-mode interference coupler 178
7.2.4 The Star coupler 182
7.3 The phased array channel waveguide frequency demultiplexer 186
7.4 Wavelength filters and resonators 188
7.4.1 Grating filters 188
7.4.2 DBR resonators 189
7.4.3 The ring resonator wavelength filter 189
(a) Variable-gap directional coupling 190
(b) The resonance condition of the couple ring 191
(c) Power transfer 192
(d) The free spectral range and the Q-factor 192
7.4.4 The ring resonator delay line 194
Chapter summary 195
8 Active opto-electronic guided-wave components 1Ց6
8.1 The effect of electro-optical / 197
8.1.1 Electro-optic effects in plane waves 197
8.1.2 Electro-optic effects in waveguides at low frequencies 198
(a) Effect of A/ 198
(b) Effect of A/ 199
8.2 The physical mechanisms to create A/ 200
8.2.1 A/ 200
(a) The LiNb03 waveguide 202
(b) The polymer waveguide 203
(c) The III-V compound semiconductor waveguide 203
8.2.2 A/ in semiconductors 205
(a) Stimulated absorption and the bandgap 205
(b) The quantum-confined Stark effect, QCSE 206
8.3 Active opto-electronic devices 211
8.3.1 The phase modulator 211
8.3.2 The Mach-Zhender modulator 212
8.3.3 The directional coupler modulator/switch 213
8.3.4 The electro-absorption modulator 214
8.4 The traveling wave modulator 215
Chapter summary 217
Appendix 219
Index 225
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Chang, William S. C. 1931- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)142954802 |
| author_facet | Chang, William S. C. 1931- |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T17:08:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781107074903 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 014042202 |
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| physical | x, 228 Seiten Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2015 |
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| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
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| spellingShingle | Chang, William S. C. 1931- Principles of optics for engineers diffraction and modal analysis Optical engineering Diffraction Modal analysis Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043650-0 |
| title | Principles of optics for engineers diffraction and modal analysis |
| title_auth | Principles of optics for engineers diffraction and modal analysis |
| title_exact_search | Principles of optics for engineers diffraction and modal analysis |
| title_full | Principles of optics for engineers diffraction and modal analysis by William S. C. Chang, University of California, San Diego |
| title_fullStr | Principles of optics for engineers diffraction and modal analysis by William S. C. Chang, University of California, San Diego |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of optics for engineers diffraction and modal analysis by William S. C. Chang, University of California, San Diego |
| title_short | Principles of optics for engineers |
| title_sort | principles of optics for engineers diffraction and modal analysis |
| title_sub | diffraction and modal analysis |
| topic | Optical engineering Diffraction Modal analysis Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Optical engineering Diffraction Modal analysis Optik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027766700&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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