Colecţionism, muzeologizare, patrimonializare:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Rumänisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bucureşti
Ed. Oscar Print
2013
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Seria "Pro Mvseo"
2 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027376750&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027376750&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Inh.-Verz. auch engl. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Umfang: | 292 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789736683480 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819317015572119552 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | —
ABREVIERI
// 10
_
INTRODUCERE
// 12
—
I.
DE LA COLECŢIONISM LA MUZEOLOGIE
// 16
1.
Muzeul şi animatorii săi
//17
2.
Despre colecţie şi colecţionar. Colecţionismul
// 20
3.
Orizonturi şi limite ale colecţionării
// 29
4.
Calităţile colecţionarului
// 33
5.
Colecţionarul şi atracţia muzeului
// 38
6.
Schimbările radicale postbelice în colecţionism şi muzeologie
// 43
^н
II.
MUZEOLOGIA MILITANTĂ
// 46
1.
Cum este privit muzeul dinlăuntrul său
// 47
2.
Origini şi destine muzeale
// 50
3.
Despre muzeograf
//61
4.
Menirea muzeului
// 74
5.
Rolul şi însemnătatea specialistului de muzeu
// 79
6.
Modele muzeale în secolul naţiunilor
// 82
7.
Muzeografia diferenţelor
//91
8.
Prima încercare de reformare a muzeelor din România
// 106
9.
Muzeografiile bi-şi multipolare
// 119
10.
Universitatea şi susţinerea muzeului
// 124
^ш
III. PATRIMONIUL ŞI MUZEOLOGIA
// 134
1.
Patrimonializarea
-
parte a filozofiei ocrotirii bunurilor culturale
// 135
2.
Radicalizarea mişcării conservative a bunurilor culturale
// 184
3.
Patrimonializarea susţine muzeologia
// 206
4.
Marketingul
-
o necesitate
// 222
5.
Prin educaţia muzeală, pentru emancipare
// 229
6.
Noi politici şi noi provocări muzeale
// 234
7.
Managerul de muzeu
-
o obligaţie
// 240
8.
Renaşterea muzeelor în epoca marilor confruntări
// 251
^—
BIBLIOGRAFIE
// 268
_
CREDITE ILUSTRAŢIE
// 275
_
ABSTRACT
// 278
ШШШ
INDICE
// 282
н
INTRODUCTION
// 10
h
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS //
12
н
I. FROM
COLLECTIONISM
TO
MUSEOLOGY
//16
1.
The Museum and Its Stimulators //
17
2.
On Collections
and Collectors. CoUectionism //
20
3.
Collection Horizons
and Limits
// 29
4.
The Collector s Features //
33
5.
The Collector and Museum Attraction
// 38
6.
Radical Post-War Changes in CoUectionism and Museology
// 43
h
II. MILITANT MUSEOLOGY
// 46
1.
The Museum Seen from the Inside
// 47
2.
Museum Origins and Destinies
// 50
3.
On the Museographer
// 61
4.
The Mission of Museums
// 74
5.
The Role and Importance of the Museum Specialist
//79
6.
Museum Models in the Century of Nations
// 82
7.
The Museography of Differences
// 91
8.
The First Attempt to Reform Romanian Museums
// 106
9.
Bipolar and
Multipolar
Museographies
// 119
10.
Museum University and Support
// 124
н
III. PATRIMONY AND MUSEOLOGY
// 134
1.
Patrimonialization
-
a Component of the Philosophy Supporting the Protection of Cultural Goods
// 135
2.
The Radicalization of the Cultural Assets Conservation Trend
// 184
3.
Patrimonialization Supports Museology
// 206
4.
Marketing
-
a Necessity
// 222
5.
Via Museum Education, for Emancipation
// 229
6.
New Museum Policies and Challenges
// 234
7.
The Museum Manager
-
a Must
// 240
8.
Museum Renaissance in the Age of Major Confrontations
// 251
BIBLIOGRAPHY
// 268
ILLUSTRATION ACKNOLEDGEMENTS
// 275
ABSTRACT
// 278
INDEX
// 282
loan
OPRIŞ
ABSTRACT
278
COLECŢIONISM, MUZEOLOGIZARE, PATRIMONIALIZARE
The evolution of the museum as societal energy for the last three centuries gives occasion to an
overview of three cultural movements: collecting, museologization and patrimonialization. Collection¬
ism has obviously marked European cultural history, especially during the 18th and 19th centuries. It
contributed to the
-
small-scale
-
circulation of masterpieces, major collectors insisting on geniuses, on
famous artists, who had been recognized ever since Antiquity. Enlightened collectionism and that of
nations have helped society identify values, treasure them and establish itself as a nation, in the virtue
of its specificity and of the rank it claims among world hierarchies.
Ever since mid-19th century, the prejudice of
exclusivist,
art-oriented collecting, was left aside and
archaeological, ethnographic, scientific and technical museography progress increasingly. Mechaniza¬
tion and colonialist expansion brought new collecting domains to the front, while changing tastes and
reorienting cultural investments at the same time.
19th century historicism extended over the following century as well, and museology was granted
unexpected territory. Major museums
-
national ones especially
-
but provincial and regional ones as
well, had a spectacular evolution, due to the connection they established between the collectors interests
and their institutional personality, specialized and qualified as such. The museologization of wider cat¬
egories of historical evidence, academic activism and social visibility increased the attractiveness of the
museum institution, supporting its personality and pleading for it. Consistent mutual interests between
collectionism and museologization have always been obvious, together with an increasing preference of
collectors for museums, places where their accumulative efforts are kept safe.
The 20th century, with its two world wars, had negative effects by seriously reducing the cultural and
artistic patrimony; excessive modernization and industrialization had and continue to have noxious ef¬
fects on the natural patrimony. In the new, post-war political circumstances, starting from the Bolshevik
revolution in
1917
and even more after the world was separated in distinct spheres of political influence
by the Iron Curtain
(1945),
museums had a separate evolution. The West took the lead and redefined
the institution, reorganizing it on new bases and reorienting it towards education. Simultaneously, in
socialist countries, museums and museology were taken over directly by the state, which subordinated
them to Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist ideologies and frequently channelled them towards traditionalism,
especially during the
80s.
There was indeed a gap between the two systems, but regular
détentes
and
bilateral relationships facilitated communication and dialogue, be these fragmentary. Tribute should be
paid to the ICOM and to major museums of universal character for implementing a new museography.
During the Second World War, major cultural assets were lost and the art and antiquities mar¬
ket migrated from Europe to America. The Post-War period is dominated by museums with redefined
functions and aims. A liberal conception was counterposed to the segregationism applied in traditional
muséographie
selection, also marked by excessive aestheticism, and openness to education outweighed
scientist conservatism. Thus, in the second half of the 20th century
-
especially after
1970 -,
American
and Western European museums developed systematic processes of conceptual mutation, of museum
redefinition and modernization of its functions. A spectacular evolution took place once museography
connected itself to capitalist economic standards, to market requirements, to new museum building
models, followed by modern archivation and conservation and by a redefined exhibition and public. The
West also provided models for museum managers and museum marketing. During all this time, the
number of museums increased and rich capitalist countries systematically supported museologization.
Obviously there is competition, leaders are visible even if their position is not admitted openly, and the
force of successful models, supported by good practice, is indisputable. Thus, new museographies have
repositioned the museum at the centre of culture; museums dominate public life, being places preferred
by citizens and alternative spaces for permanent education and instruction. The museum is the most
279
loan
OPRIŞ
credible and significant institution, an indication of the level of civilization.
Since the seventh decade of the 20th century, a new communitarian and universalistic philosophy
-
that of a common cultural and natural patrimony
-
imposed itself as opposed to elitism and it marked
the solidarity and responsibility for the cultural and natural destiny of humanity. Patrimonialization
vindicates ancient concepts on the right to culture, on respect for the diversity of testimonies and of
their expressions, on the individualization of distinguishing signs, the value of cultural localism, ac¬
cess to democratization, on creative value, concepts which bestow prosperity to communities. This new
philosophy urges for proper preservation, via preventive and prospective in situ conservation, by means
of specialized occupations which are awarded professional status. Here, patrimony has the status of a
source of development, a long-lasting resource to be carefully preserved. Patrimonialization belongs to a
regenerative view, able to stimulate energies and good practices which observe autonomy, specificity and
contributions, without discriminating between testimonies, be them archaeological, historical, artistic,
ethnographic, scientific and technical, natural, material or immaterial ones, in the virtue of prohibitive
axiological theories. Patrimonialization already has remarkable results for those applying it. In this ex¬
tensive process, public or private museums and collections occupy an essential position, since patrimoni¬
alization targets are adequately reached in these places and via an experience mediated by them. Special¬
ists from museums and institutions dealing with the protection of historical monuments represent the
working basis for those entities which apply patrimonialization policies at a local, regional and national
level. In the present book, during the assessment of the three stages, the writer introduces the case of
Romania via numerous examples and arguments. Both perspectives are analysed: the collector s effort
that cultural development benefits from, i.e. the accumulation of value, and the support this enterprise
may receive in a historical space defined by instabilities and political displacement. The book presents
the manner in which Western models were assimilated and interpreted in Romania. Limits, failures and
delays are not left aside.
Museums, museographies, and the museologization process are seen as part of the cultural, econom¬
ical and political evolution of modern Romania. During early 19th century, the trend becomes clear in
the major urban areas
-
Sibiu,
Bucharest,
Iaşi
-
and, ever since its second half, it encompasses other cities
as well:
Timişoara, Constanţa, Brăila, Drobeta, Turnu-Severin, Sfântu Gheorghe, Deva a.o.
A clearly
defined museography of an obvious national character is apparent only after the Union in
1918,
when a
group of intellectuals trained in European centres developed the major museum profiles. Archaeology
and natural science were widely supported, while arts
-
popular art especially
-
were sparingly included
in museography. Despite of the fact that a national historiography developed, being promoted by major
historians
-
Nicolae Iorga was the leader of this school
-
a national history museum was founded late,
between
1969
and
1971.
Art museums, the popular art museum even, were possible only after
1950.
In¬
fluenced by the West
-
German predominance in Transylvania,
Banat,
Bukovina
and the French one in
Moldavia and Walachia
-
museography remained at an inferior level, but it had momentum as a cultural
trend. Due to the ethnography school initiated by Romulus
Vuia
and to the sociological one supported
by Dimitrie
Gusti,
ethnographic museography progressed more, its profile being well provided for by
Romanian village life.
On this
anticipative
background, after
1944,
Romanian museography
-
still having to complete a
coherent national project
-
faced several imperative requirements. Unfortunately, the latter were to serve
official ideology, since they were politically processed by the Communist regime. The definite benefit
was that collections were developed by means of systematic procurements, as aristocracy and royalty
forcefully had to surrender their treasures. Paradoxically, the political regime granted financial support
to museums and collections while using them, and good professionals reacted intelligently and foresight-
edly by saving and treasuring valuable testimonies. Archaeological, ethnographical and environmental
280
COLECTIONISM, MUZEOLOGIZARE, PATRIMONIALIZARE
research, in full development, implicitly led to a modern structuring of museums on scientific criteria;
nevertheless, numerous profiles have remained unacknowledged: the pieces were deposited and not per¬
manently exhibited, since they lacked conformity with the dogma of historical materialism and with the
purposes that atheist education declared to have. Socialist museography is characterized by uniformity,
stereotypes and ideological educational excess. Thus, the precious treasured patrimony was to be valued
in the future. For Romania, this future came only after the Revolution in December
1989.
Therefore, this book analyses the reactions of Romanian elites to the modernization trend, some of
the former having timid results and initiatives; others being more daring, innovative even. The call to
the history of collectionism and museologization is an occasion to introduce novelty, modernization,
reform of the patrimony institutions even. The latter is a slow, often discontinuous process, despite of the
devoted people contributing their energy to it.
Original solutions, personal means and interesting initiatives, paired with apathy, anomalies, failures
and an inappropriate climate characterize patrimonialization in contemporary Romania. After the crises
due to isolation and ideology, this domain faces other obstacles deriving from transition and a precarious
economy. The efforts to correct, reform and modernize do not yet fit into a program clearly formulated
and undertaken, while the financial support is unreliable. Hence, the Romanian patrimonial activity
was late in catching up with European standards, but not as much as to prevent the assertion of a price¬
less treasure. Given the urge of European integration and that of economic and social reconstruction,
museums and museography have undergone extensive destructuring and redefinition. This process is
still to be completed. These main forces drive the recovery of the cultural and natural heritage, being
supported by a vision built around its promotion, and by specialized professionals. Thus, as society settles
and its degree of civilization rises, solutions will be found for this new patrimonialization trend for the
public benefit. These solutions will not take much time, but they crucially depend on the political class
and on economics. Romania s rich patrimony and available specialists ensure its high performance. This
performance is confirmed by the major museums reorganized, some of the national ones (the National
Brukenthal Museum
-
Sibiu,
the National Arts Museum and the „Grigore Antipa Museum of Natural
History, the Cotroceni National Museum, the Romanian Peasant Museum and the „Dimitrie
Gusti
National Village Museum) having reached an European level. Other
40-50
projects, either new or com¬
pleted during the last
10
years (in
Braşov, Iaşi,
Craiova,
Ploieşti,
Sighetu
Marmaţiei, Oradea, Constanţa,
Bârlad, Galaţi, Brăila, Timişoara, Bacău a.o.)
are indicative of a proper
trend.
As he combines analyses with demonstrations, while highlighting major lacks and flaws of Romanian
cultural practices, the writer remains optimistic and gives arguments in favour of his thesis: the ability
to represent cultural and natural treasures, the specialists capacity to perform and the harmonious dis¬
tribution of Romanian resources of patrimony as part of the European heritage.
Causes and effects are recorded via testimonies and opinions expressed by Romanian and foreign spe¬
cialists, in a snapshot assessing those who operated changes and the leaders or creators of cultural trends.
Examples are given, theses and arguments are taken over from the historiography of the domain, many
analyses are provided. All plead for an imperative need to connect patrimony practices to the general
trend positioning museums at the forefront. This book is dominated by a highly topical plea for a new
museum type and for a cutting-edge museography.
The writer believes that, besides noting the modern aspects of contemporary culture
-
a study of theo¬
retical debates following
-
we must adapt, shape and take over foreign success models, paired with those
solutions having achieved to make cultural treasure institutions approachable for the public. Recreating
strategies in order to eliminate the dependency on national states means to innovate and apply solutions
appropriate to the specificity of Romanian patrimony.
281
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Opriş, Ioan 1942- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)138307814 |
| author_facet | Opriş, Ioan 1942- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Opriş, Ioan 1942- |
| author_variant | i o io |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041933517 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)888775974 (DE-599)BVBBV041933517 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
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| id | DE-604.BV041933517 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T16:58:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789736683480 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027376750 |
| oclc_num | 888775974 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-255 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-255 DE-12 |
| physical | 292 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Ed. Oscar Print |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Seria "Pro Mvseo" |
| series2 | Seria "Pro Mvseo" |
| spellingShingle | Opriş, Ioan 1942- Colecţionism, muzeologizare, patrimonializare Seria "Pro Mvseo" Sammeln (DE-588)4051494-8 gnd Museum (DE-588)4040795-0 gnd Kunst (DE-588)4114333-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4051494-8 (DE-588)4040795-0 (DE-588)4114333-4 |
| title | Colecţionism, muzeologizare, patrimonializare |
| title_auth | Colecţionism, muzeologizare, patrimonializare |
| title_exact_search | Colecţionism, muzeologizare, patrimonializare |
| title_full | Colecţionism, muzeologizare, patrimonializare Ioan Opriş |
| title_fullStr | Colecţionism, muzeologizare, patrimonializare Ioan Opriş |
| title_full_unstemmed | Colecţionism, muzeologizare, patrimonializare Ioan Opriş |
| title_short | Colecţionism, muzeologizare, patrimonializare |
| title_sort | colectionism muzeologizare patrimonializare |
| topic | Sammeln (DE-588)4051494-8 gnd Museum (DE-588)4040795-0 gnd Kunst (DE-588)4114333-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sammeln Museum Kunst |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027376750&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027376750&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV041933513 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oprisioan colectionismmuzeologizarepatrimonializare |