Samobójstwo demokracji: Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polnisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Zielona Góra
Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
2013
Wrocław Polsko-Czeskie Towarzystwo Naukowe |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026098831&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026098831&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Suicide of democracy |
| Umfang: | 522 s. 25 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788378420729 9788392898740 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV041122830 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20240111 | ||
| 007 | t| | ||
| 008 | 130703s2013 xx |||| 00||| pol d | ||
| 020 | |a 9788378420729 |9 978-83-7842-072-9 | ||
| 020 | |a 9788392898740 |9 978-83-928987-4-0 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)879578324 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV041122830 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a pol | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-M457 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Małkiewicz, Andrzej |d 1950- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1220640174 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Samobójstwo demokracji |b Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939 |c Andrzej Małkiewicz |
| 264 | 1 | |a Zielona Góra |b Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego |c 2013 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Wrocław |b Polsko-Czeskie Towarzystwo Naukowe | |
| 300 | |a 522 s. |c 25 cm. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Suicide of democracy | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1938-1939 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Tschechoslowakei |0 (DE-588)4078435-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Tschechoslowakei |0 (DE-588)4078435-6 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geschichte 1938-1939 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HEBIS Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026098831&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026098831&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 900 |e 22/bsb |f 09043 |g 437 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026098831 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819360812446253056 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ANDRZEJ MAŁKIEWICZ
SAMOBÓJSTWO DEMOKRACJI
CZECHOSŁOWACJA W OKRESIE II REPUBLIKI
1938-1939
WROCŁAW - ZIELONA GÓRA 2013
SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp 9
ROZDZIAŁ 1
Czechosłowacja 1918-1938 - (niemal) modelowa demokracja 21
1 1 Geneza i początki Czechosłowacji 21
1 2 System polityczny Czechosłowacji 31
1 3 Gospodarka 43
1 4 Kultura 49
1 5 Źródła niestabilności 52
1 6 Problem słowacki 62
1 7 Mniejszości narodowe 83
1 8 Problemy Rusi 99
1 9 Polityka zagraniczna 105
1 10 Armia 131
1 11 Sytuacja wewnętrzna w schyłkowym okresie I Republiki 136
ROZDZIAŁ 2
Monachium i położenie międzynarodowe II Republiki 145
2 1 Konflikt z Niemcami od marca do sierpnia 1938 roku 145
2 2 Wrzesień 1938 roku 151
2 3 Konferencja w Monachium 162
2 4 Zmiana granicy z Polską 173
2 5 Problem granicy z Węgrami 178
2 6 Relacje z Niemcami 182
2 7 Relacje z mocarstwami : 194
2 8 Relacje z Polską 197
2 9 Stosunki z Węgrami 203
2 10 Relacje z innymi państwami 204
ROZDZIAŁ 3
Przebudowa państwa 207
3 1 Rząd urzędriiczo-wojskowy 207
3 2 Sytuacja społeczna i gospodarcza 209
3 3 Koniec I Republiki 230
3 4 Przebudowa systemu partyjnego
3 5 Narodowa Partia Pracy
3 6 Związki młodzieży
3 7 Prawicowi ekstremiści
3 8 Organizacje społeczne
3 9 Przebudowa władz państwa i nowelizacja konstytucji
3 10 Nowy prezydent
3 11 Rząd Berana
3 10 Mniejszość niemiecka
3 11 Demobilizacja
3 12 Próby opozycji i oporu
3 13 Zycie artystyczne
ROZDZIAŁ 4
Autonomia Słowacji i Rusi
4 1 Słowacy wobec Monachium
4 2 Konferencja w Żylinie
4 3 Przejmowanie władzy przez HSES
4 4 Przebudowa życia słowackiego w obrębie autonomii
4 5 Gwardia Hlinki
4 6 Sejm słowacki
4 7 Sytuacja międzynarodowa Słowacji
4 8 Pozycja Słowacji w obrębie wspólnego państwa
4 9 Mniejszości narodowe w Słowacji
4 10 Sytuacja Rusi
RÓZDZIAŁ 5
Likwidacja Czecho-Sło yacji
5 1 Ogłoszenie niepodległości Słowacji
^52 Wojna na Rusi
5 3 Kapitulacja Hachy
ROZDZIAŁ 6
Od demokracji - ale dokąd?
6 1 Myślenie o polityce
6 2 Antysemityzm
6 3 System polityczny II Republiki Czy droga ku totalitaryzmowi?
6 4 System polityczny Słowacji i Rusi
6 5 Potencjał państwa
SPIS TREŚCI 7
Zakończenie 483
Źródła i literatura 491
Czasopisma 491
Pamiętniki, wspomnienia, listy, publikacje dokumentów,
współczesna publicystyka 491
Literatura 493
Indeks osób 511
Abstract 511
suïcide
of democracy.
Czechoslovakia at the time
of the Second republic
1938-1939
Abstract
The interwar Czechoslovakia was a democratic country and was regarded as stable.
It faired well economically and successfully coped with its social conflicts. Its stability was
undermined by unresolved conflicts with the national minorities
-
Germans, Hungarians
and Poles. The state found it hard to establish proper relations between Czechs and Slovaks,
who were denied the right to constitute a nation, regarding them as a backward branch of
a common Czechoslovakian nation, whereas they demanded to be recognized as a nation
on equal rights with Czechs and called for an autonomy in their part of the state. There
also existed some extremist organisations, like communists and fascists, but they did not
play any important role in the state. The international security seemed to be ensured by an
extended system of alliances. The political system was not ready for a deep political crisis.
The neighbouring countries
-
Germany, Poland and Hungary
-
used the lack of a solu¬
tion to the minority problems to annex Czechoslovakia s borderlands, which occurred in
October and November
1938.
Of key importance was the Munich conference, at which
the leaders of the countries allied with Prague agreed to cut away some parts of Czecho¬
slovakia. This betrayal by the allies and a change to the borderlines exerted a traumatic
impact on the Czech society, especially its politicians. Their previous way of thinking about
internal and international politics was shattered and they desperately looked for new solu¬
tions. Even before the Munich conference, because of the German threat, power had partly
been given to the military; the civil rights had been limited in many respects, censorship
had been introduced and the freedom to conduct economic activity had been restricted.
In the post-Munich period, Czech and Slovak politicians started to restructure the
state; the new creation was called the Second Czechoslovak Republic. It was claimed that
democracy had had its day, that dictatorships were more efficient, and that the previous
political system had contributed to the national disaster. It was recognized that in order
to save the state, democracy should be relinquished. This was compounded by a German
pressure. The Agrarian Party, the strongest one in the state, changed its name to the Party
of National Unity and took over the full power. A significant position in its leadership,
albeit never a majority, was acquired by open advocates of fascism. The party failed to
develop an internal stability or to organise a system for exercising power. The other par¬
ties were forced to disband. Only a loyal opposition party
-
the National Labour Party
-
was allowed to be formed; it renounced any struggle for power and became a satellite,
although made some attempts towards autonomy. The press remained independent,
though subject to (not very strict) censorship. The parliament was reorganised, but later
522
ABSTRACT
it was no longer convened. The government was granted the dictatorship power, but used
it sparingly. One
Emil Hácha
was appointed President. The social organisations were
gradually being unified.
Attempts were made to develop a new ideology, based especially on selective conserva¬
tive ideas, by combining them with fascist and Nazi concepts. The state authorities, under
the influence of local anti-Semitic groups, and above all under the pressure from the Reich,
started to pursue an anti-Semitic policy. The political system did not receive its ultimate
form. It most resembled authoritarianism, but some symptoms of an evolution towards
totalitarianism were also evident. The course of events was similar to that during the first
year of Mussolini s rule in Italy and Hitler s first three months in power in Germany.
At the same time, a conversion of Czechoslovakia from a unitary into a federal state
was begun. A peculiar feature of the political system of the Second Republic was its dif¬
ferentiation within the state. Thanks to Slovak politicians efforts, their country gained an
autonomy. Its constitution was changed, and the name of the state was also altered (to
Czecho-Slovakia). Slovakia established its own government and parliament. Full power
was won by a Christian-and-democratic party, which was evolving towards totalitarianism
-
Hlinka s Slovak People s Party. All the other parties were disbanded, and the unification
of social organisations was pursued even more energetically than in the Czech part of the
state. Some politicians called for Slovakia s independence. Initially, there were few of them,
but they were growing in number. The separation of Slovakia was marked with problems
resulting from the lack of experience of its leaders, who however gained political skills quite
fast. National minorities, especially Jews, but even Czechs, were persecuted. Democracy
was undermined faster and to a larger degree than in the Czech part. The most important
politicians, aware of the country s economic weaknesses, refrained from declaring inde¬
pendence, postponing it for later, but the situation was clearly heading in that direction.
Hitler had intended to eliminate the state for a long time; ultimately, he set the date
for mid-March of
1939.
However, he needed an excuse. He therefore forced Slovak poli¬
ticians to proclaim independence by telling them that otherwise their country would be
divided by Hungary and Poland. They proclaimed independence on
14
March. At the same
time, he invited President
Hacha
to talks in Berlin;
Hacha
proved cowardly and weak
psychologically; Hitler forced him to sign the consent to the occupation of Bohemia and
Moravia. Some Prague politicians and military men considered defence, but this failed to
translate into any practical steps or even a symbolic protest. The occupation was started
on
15
March. The events showed that the state capacity, diminished by the Munich dictate,
was not recovered during the existence of the Second Republic, but was weakened even
further. Not only did the destruction of democracy fail to save the state, but it facilitated
its liquidation, because the society, prevented from making an influence on politics, lost
its interest in defending the state, and the politicians, not subject to social control, were
able to make mistakes with impunity.
Bayerische
Stestsblbiioth·
Münchei»
Translated by
Jacek Słupski
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Małkiewicz, Andrzej 1950- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1220640174 |
| author_facet | Małkiewicz, Andrzej 1950- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Małkiewicz, Andrzej 1950- |
| author_variant | a m am |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041122830 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)879578324 (DE-599)BVBBV041122830 |
| era | Geschichte 1938-1939 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1938-1939 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01856nam a2200409 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV041122830</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240111 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">130703s2013 xx |||| 00||| pol d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9788378420729</subfield><subfield code="9">978-83-7842-072-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9788392898740</subfield><subfield code="9">978-83-928987-4-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)879578324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV041122830</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">pol</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M457</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Małkiewicz, Andrzej</subfield><subfield code="d">1950-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1220640174</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Samobójstwo demokracji</subfield><subfield code="b">Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939</subfield><subfield code="c">Andrzej Małkiewicz</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Zielona Góra</subfield><subfield code="b">Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego</subfield><subfield code="c">2013</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Wrocław</subfield><subfield code="b">Polsko-Czeskie Towarzystwo Naukowe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">522 s.</subfield><subfield code="c">25 cm.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Suicide of democracy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1938-1939</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Tschechoslowakei</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078435-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Tschechoslowakei</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078435-6</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1938-1939</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HEBIS Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026098831&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026098831&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">900</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09043</subfield><subfield code="g">437</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026098831</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Tschechoslowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV041122830 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T16:31:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788378420729 9788392898740 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026098831 |
| oclc_num | 879578324 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M457 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M457 |
| physical | 522 s. 25 cm. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego Polsko-Czeskie Towarzystwo Naukowe |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Małkiewicz, Andrzej 1950- Samobójstwo demokracji Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939 |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4078435-6 |
| title | Samobójstwo demokracji Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939 |
| title_auth | Samobójstwo demokracji Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939 |
| title_exact_search | Samobójstwo demokracji Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939 |
| title_full | Samobójstwo demokracji Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939 Andrzej Małkiewicz |
| title_fullStr | Samobójstwo demokracji Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939 Andrzej Małkiewicz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Samobójstwo demokracji Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939 Andrzej Małkiewicz |
| title_short | Samobójstwo demokracji |
| title_sort | samobojstwo demokracji czechoslowacja w okresie ii republiki 1938 1939 |
| title_sub | Czechosłowacja w okresie II Republiki 1938 - 1939 |
| topic_facet | Tschechoslowakei |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026098831&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026098831&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT małkiewiczandrzej samobojstwodemokracjiczechosłowacjawokresieiirepubliki19381939 |