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International sales law: [a guide to the CISG]

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteiligte Personen:	Schwenzer, Ingeborg 1951- (VerfasserIn), Fountoulakis, Christiana 1977- (VerfasserIn), Dimsey, Mariel (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Oxford [u.a.] Hart 2012
Ausgabe:	2. ed.
Schlagwörter:	United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods > 1980 April 11 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods / (1980) Export sales contracts Conflict of laws / Sales Internationales Kaufrecht Internationaler Vergleich Quelle
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025385098&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Umfang:	XLII, 800 S.
ISBN:	9781849463027 1849463026

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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1819265449284599808
adam_text	Contents List of Abbreviations ..............................................................................................xxv Tableo/ Cases .......................................................................................................xxix Introduction ..............................................................................................................xli Article 1CISG ...........................................................................................................1 I. Overview ........................................................................................................1 II. Autonomous Application of the CISG (Arts l(l)(a), (2) and (3) CISG) .......2 A. Contracting States ..................................................................................2 B. Place of Business in Different States ......................................................3 C. Case Law ................................................................................................3 D. Contracts for the Sale of Goods .............................................................5 III. Applicability of the CISG in Private International Law (Art l(l)(b) CISG) .......................................................................................10 A. Operation .............................................................................................10 B. The Reservation in Article 95 CISG .....................................................10 IV. Applicability of the CISG through the Parties Choice of Law ...................15 V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ....................................................15 A. UNIDROIT Principles .........................................................................15 B. Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) .....................................16 Article 2 CISG .........................................................................................................18 I. Overview ......................................................................................................18 II. Article 2(a) CISG ........................................................................................18 A. Purpose of Excluding Consumer Contracts .........................................18 B. Exception to the General Rule in Article 2(a) CISG ............................18 C. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions .............................................19 III. Article 2(b) to (f) CISG ...............................................................................20 Article ЗСКС .........................................................................................................22 I. Overview ......................................................................................................22 II. The Definition of Goods ...........................................................................22 III. Goods to be Manufactured or Produced (Article 3(1) CISG) .....................23 IV. Supply of Labour or Other Services (Article 3(2) CISG) ............................27 Article 4 CISG .........................................................................................................30 I. Overview ......................................................................................................30 II. Matters of Validity (Article 4(a) CISG) .......................................................31 A. Operation of Article 4(a) CISG ............................................................31 B. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions .............................................31 III. Matters of Property (Article 4(b) CISG) .....................................................31 x CONTENTS Artide 5 CISG.........................................................................................................36 Artide 6 CISG .........................................................................................................39 I. Overview...................................................................................................... 39 II. Opting-out of the CISG ..............................................................................39 III. Derogation from or Modification of the CISG ...........................................42 IV. Opting-in to the CISG .................................................................................43 V. Comparison with the PICC 2010.................................................................43 Artide 7 CISG .........................................................................................................45 I. Overview ......................................................................................................45 II. Article 7(1) CISG ........................................................................................45 A. International Character and Uniform Application ...........................................................................................45 (a) Autonomous Interpretation ..........................................................45 (b) Persuasive Precedents ...................................................................46 (c) The CISG Advisory Council and the UNCITRAL Digest ...........................................................................................47 (d) Towards a Uniform Interpretative Approach ................................48 B. The Principle of Good Faith ................................................................48 (a) Good Faith Under the CISG ......................................................48 (b) Good Faith in Other Legal Systems ...........................................49 III. Article 7(2) CISG ........................................................................................52 A. Primacy of General Principles when Filling Gaps under the CISG ....................................................................................52 B. Important General Principles ...............................................................52 Artide 8 CISG .........................................................................................................59 I. Overview ......................................................................................................59 II. Article 8(1) CISG ........................................................................................60 III. Article 8(2) and (3) CISG ............................................................................60 IV. Interpretation of One Party s General Conditions ......................................60 V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ....................................................61 VI. Applicability of Other Rules of Interpretation and Evidence ...............................................................................................62 A. Introduction .........................................................................................62 B. Plain Meaning Rule ..............................................................................62 (a) Operation of the Plain Meaning Rule ...........................................62 (b) Comparison with PICC 2010........................................................62 С Parol Evidence Rule .............................................................................63 D. Merger Clauses .....................................................................................66 (a) Under the CISG ...........................................................................66 (b) Comparison with Other Legal Provisions .....................................68 CONTENTS xi Article 9 CISG.........................................................................................................70 I. Overview ......................................................................................................70 II. Article 9(1) CISG ........................................................................................70 A. Usages to which the Parties have Agreed .............................................70 B. Practices established between the Parties.. ............................................73 III. Article 9(2) CISG ........................................................................................76 A. International Usages Regularly Observed in the Trade Concerned ..................................................................................76 B. Particular Aspects ................................................................................78 (a) Letter of confirmation ..................................................................78 (i) Under the CISG ...................................................................78 (ii) Under the PICC 2010...........................................................80 (b) Trade Terms and Other Sets of Rules ...........................................81 IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ....................................................81 Article 10 CISG .......................................................................................................83 I. Overview ......................................................................................................83 II. Article 10(a) CISG ......................................................................................83 III. Article lOO^CISG ......................................................................................85 Article 11 CISG .......................................................................................................87 I. Overview ......................................................................................................87 II. Principle of Freedom from Form Requirements... .......................................87 III. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ....................................................88 Article 12 CISG .......................................................................................................90 I. Overview ......................................................................................................90 II. Operation of Article 12 CISG .....................................................................90 Article 13 CISG .......................................................................................................94 I. Overview ......................................................................................................94 II. Modern Interpretation of Article 13 CISG .................................................94 III. Impact on Article 12 CISG .........................................................................95 IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ....................................................95 Article 14 CISG .......................................................................................................97 I. Overview ......................................................................................................97 A. Content and Purpose of Article 14 CISG ............................................97 B. Drafting History ...................................................................................97 II. Article 14(1) CISG ......................................................................................98 A. Definite Proposal .................................................................................98 B. Intention to be Bound ........................................................................104 С Relationship between Article 14(1) and Article 55 CISG ...................107 xii CONTENTS III. Article 14(2) CISG ....................................................................................115 IV. Incorporation of Standard Terms .............................................................115 Artide 15 CISG .....................................................................................................122 I. Overview ....................................................................................................122 A. Content and Purpose of Article 15 CISG ..........................................122 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................122 С Drafting History .................................................................................123 II. Operation of Article 15 CISG ...................................................................123 Artide 16 CISG .....................................................................................................125 I. Overview ....................................................................................................125 A. Content and Purpose of Article 16 CISG ..........................................125 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................125 (a) Anglo-American Law ................................................................. 125 (b) Civil Legal Systems .....................................................................126 С Drafting History .................................................................................127 II. Article 16(1) CISG ....................................................................................127 III. Article 16(2)(a) CISG ................................................................................128 IV. Article 16(2)(b) CISG and Promissory Estoppel .......................................130 Artide 17 CISG .....................................................................................................132 Artide 18 CISG .....................................................................................................133 I. Overview ....................................................................................................133 A. Content and Purpose of Article 18 CISG ..........................................133 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................133 II. Article 18(1) CISG: Acceptance by Conduct/Silence .................................134 A. Acceptance by Conduct ......................................................................134 B. Silence or Inactivity as Acceptance ....................................................142 III. Article 18(2) CISG ....................................................................................143 Artide 19 CISG .....................................................................................................145 I. Overview ....................................................................................................145 A. Content and Purpose of Article 19 CISG ..........................................145 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................145 С Drafting History .................................................................................146 II. Article 19(1) CISG ....................................................................................146 III. Article 19(2) CISG ....................................................................................148 IV. Article 19(3) CISG ....................................................................................150 V. Battle of the Forms ...................................................................................155 Artide 20 CISG .....................................................................................................161 CONTENTS xiii Article 21 CISG.....................................................................................................163 I. Overview ....................................................................................................163 A. Content and Purpose of Article 21 CISG ..........................................163 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................163 II. Article 21(1) CISG ....................................................................................164 III. Article 21(2) CISG ....................................................................................164 Article 22 CISG .....................................................................................................166 Article 23 CISG .....................................................................................................167 A. Content and Purpose of Article 23 CISG ..........................................167 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................167 Article 24 CISG .....................................................................................................169 I. Overview ....................................................................................................169 A. Content and Purpose of Article 24 CISG ..........................................169 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................170 С Drafting History .................................................................................170 II. Article 24 CISG in the Age of Electronic Communication ........................170 Article 25 CISG .....................................................................................................171 A. Content and Purpose of Article 25 CISG ..........................................171 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................171 С Drafting History .................................................................................172 Article 26 CISG .....................................................................................................176 Article 27 CISG .....................................................................................................177 I. Overview ....................................................................................................177 A. Content and Purpose of Article 27 CISG ..........................................177 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................177 С International Principles ......................................................................178 II. Article 27 CISG and Instantaneous Communication ................................178 Article 28 CISG .....................................................................................................181 I. Overview ....................................................................................................181 A. Content and Purpose of Article 28 CISG ..........................................181 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................181 (a) Continental European Legal Systems .........................................181 (b) Common Law Legal Systems .....................................................182 xiv CONTENTS C. Drafting History .................................................................................183 D. International Principles ......................................................................183 II. Situations of Applicability of Article 28 CISG .........................................184 Article 29 CISG .....................................................................................................186 I. Overview ....................................................................................................186 A. Content and Purpose of Article 29 CISG ..........................................186 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................186 С Drafting History .................................................................................187 II. Article 29(1) CISG ....................................................................................187 III. Article 29(2) CISG ....................................................................................198 Article 30 CISG .....................................................................................................204 I. Overview ....................................................................................................204 II. The Seller s Obligations in Detail ..............................................................204 A. Delivery of the Goods ......................................................................204 B. Handing over Documents .................................................................205 С Transfer of Property in the Goods ...................................................207 Article 31 CISG .....................................................................................................209 I. Overview ....................................................................................................209 A. Content and Purpose of Article 31 CISG ..........................................209 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................209 (a) Carriage of the Goods ................................................................209 (b) Delivery by Placing Goods at Buyer s Disposal ..........................210 II. Article 31(a) CISG ....................................................................................211 III. Article 31(b) and (c) CISG ........................................................................213 IV. INCOTERMS® and Article 31 CISG ........................................................213 V. Place of Performance as Place of Jurisdiction ...........................................214 Article 32 CISG .....................................................................................................219 I. Overview ....................................................................................................219 II. Article 32(1) CISG ....................................................................................219 III. Article 32(2) CISG ....................................................................................220 Article 33 CISG .....................................................................................................225 I. Overview ....................................................................................................225 II. Article 33(a) CISG ....................................................................................225 III. Article 33(b) CISG ....................................................................................226 IV. Article 33(c) CISG .....................................................................................226 Article 34 CISG .....................................................................................................231 I. Overview ....................................................................................................231 A. Content and Purpose of Article 34 CISG ..........................................231 CONTENTS xv B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................231 C. Drafting History .................................................................................232 II. Time, Place and Form of Handing over Documents .................................232 III. Seller s Right to Cure .................................................................................233 Article 35 CISG .....................................................................................................235 I. Overview ....................................................................................................235 A. Content and Purpose of Article 35 CISG ..........................................235 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................235 С Drafting History .................................................................................241 II. Article 35 (1) CISG ...................................................................................241 A. General ...............................................................................................241 B. Peius and Aliud ...................................................................................246 III. Article 35(2) CISG ....................................................................................247 A. Article 35(2)(a) CISG .........................................................................247 (a) Average Quality , Merchantable Quality , Merchantibility .........................................................................247 (b) Public Law Requirements ...........................................................256 B. Article 35(2)(b) CISG— Fitness for a Particular Purpose .................269 С Article 35(2)(c) CISG: Sale by Sample or Model ...............................277 D. Article 35(2)(d) CISG: Packaging .......................................................278 IV. Article 35(3) CISG .....................................................................................279 V. Burden of Proof and Evidence of Lack of Conformity ............................281 VI. Concurring Remedies ................................................................................285 Article 36 CISG .....................................................................................................288 I. Overview ....................................................................................................288 A. Content and Purpose of Article 36 CISG ..........................................288 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................288 II. Operation of Article 36 CISG ...................................................................289 Article 37 CISG .....................................................................................................291 Articles 38 and 39 CISG ........................................................................................292 I. Overview ....................................................................................................292 A. Content and Purpose of Articles 38 and 39 CISG .............................292 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................293 (a) Civil Law Legal Systems .............................................................294 (b) Anglo-American Legal Systems ..................................................296 С Drafting History .................................................................................297 II. Examination of the Goods ........................................................................298 A. Period for Examination ......................................................................298 B. Manner of Examination .....................................................................301 С Postponement of Examination ...........................................................307 III. Reasonable Period of Time under Article 39 CISG ...................................312 xvi CONTENTS IV. Specificity of Notice ...............................................................................323 V. Form of Notice .......................................................................................330 VI. Article 39(2) CISG Time Limit ...............................................................331 VII. Application of Articles 38 and 39 CISG by Analogy? ............................334 VIII. CISG Advisory Council ..........................................................................336 Article 40 CISG .....................................................................................................338 I. Overview .................................................................................................338 II. Operation of Article 40 CISG .................................................................338 Article 41 CISG .....................................................................................................342 I. Overview .................................................................................................342 A. Content and Purpose of Article 41 CISG ........................................342 B. Domestic Laws .................................................................................342 II. Operation of Article 41 CISG .................................................................343 Article 42 CISG .....................................................................................................346 I. Overview .................................................................................................346 A. Content and Purpose of Article 42 CISG ........................................346 B. Domestic Laws .................................................................................346 II. Mere Claims ............................................................................................347 III. Territorial Limitations ............................................................................347 IV. Knowledge of the Seller ..........................................................................350 Article 43 CISG .....................................................................................................351 Article 44 CISG .....................................................................................................354 I. Overview .................................................................................................354 A. Content and Purpose of Article 44 CISG ........................................354 B. Domestic Laws .................................................................................354 С Drafting History ..............................................................................354 II. Operation of Article 44 CISG .................................................................355 Article 45 CISG ............................................................................................,........359 I. Overview .................................................................................................359 II. Article 45(1) CISG ..................................................................................359 III. Article 45(2) CISG ..................................................................................362 IV. Article 45(3) CISG ..................................................................................363 Article 46 CISG .....................................................................................................364 I. Overview .................................................................................................364 A. Content and Purpose of Article 46 CISG ........................................364 B. Domestic Laws .................................................................................364 CONTENTS xvii И. Performance of the Contract—Article 46(1) CISG ...................................365 III. Claim to Substitute Delivery—Article 46(2) CISG ....................................365 IV. Repair—Article 46(3) CISG ......................................................................366 Article 47 CISG .....................................................................................................369 I. Overview ....................................................................................................369 A. Content and Purpose of Article 47 CISG ..........................................369 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................369 II. Operation of Article 47 CISG ...................................................................370 A. Necessity of a Nachfrist.....................................................................370 B. Additional Period of Reasonable Length ...........................................371 C. Effect of Setting an Additional Period of Time .................................373 Article 48 CISG .....................................................................................................374 I. Overview ....................................................................................................374 A. Content and Purpose of Article 48 CISG ..........................................374 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................374 C. International Principles ......................................................................375 II. Article 48(1) CISG ....................................................................................375 A. Subject to Article 49 .........................................................................375 B. Reasonableness ...................................................................................378 III. Article 48(2), (3) CISG ..............................................................................379 Article 49 CISG .....................................................................................................382 I. Overview ....................................................................................................382 A. Content and Purpose of Article 49 CISG ..........................................382 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................383 (a) Continental Legal Systems .........................................................383 (b) The Approach under English Law ..............................................383 (c) The Approach under US Law .....................................................384 (d) Modern Solutions and International Principles ..........................385 С Drafting History .................................................................................386 II. Avoidance for Fundamental Breach — Article 49(l)(a) CISG ....................387 A. Operation of Article 49(l)(a) CISG ...................................................387 B. Non-conforming Goods .....................................................................387 (a) Express Stipulations ...................................................................390 (b) Purpose for which Goods are Bought .........................................392 (c) Possibility of Repair or Replacement .........................................395 С Non-conforming Documents ..............................................................395 D. Late Delivery ......................................................................................398 III. Avoidance after Additional Period of Time — Article 49(l)(b) CISG ................................................................................399 IV. Buyer s Observance of Time Limits—Article 49(2) CISG .........................401 xviii CONTENTS Article 50 CISG.....................................................................................................405 I. Overview ....................................................................................................405 A. Content and Purpose of Article 50 CISG ..........................................405 B. Domestic Laws ...................................................................................405 C. International Principles ......................................................................406 D. Drafting History .................................................................................406 II. Requirements for a Reduction of the Price ................................................407 III. Calculation of Price Reduction .................................................................410 Article 51 CISG .....................................................................................................412 I. Overview ....................................................................................................412 II. Operation of Article 51 CISG ...................................................................412 Article 52 CISG .....................................................................................................415 I. Overview ....................................................................................................415 II. Early delivery—Article 52(1) CISG ...........................................................415 III. Delivery of Excess Quantity ......................................................................416 Article 53 CISG .....................................................................................................418 I. Overview ....................................................................................................418 II. Parties Agreement Prevails .......................................................................418 III. Currency of Payment ................................................................................422 A. Under the CISG .................................................................................422 B. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ...........................................423 Article 54 CISG .....................................................................................................424 I. Overview ....................................................................................................424 II. Obligation de moyen or obligation de résultat !........................................ 424 Article 55 CISG .....................................................................................................428 I. Overview ....................................................................................................428 II. Interaction between Articles 14 and 55 CISG ...........................................428 III. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................429 Article 56 CISG .....................................................................................................435 I. Overview ....................................................................................................435 II. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................435 Article 57 CISG .....................................................................................................437 I. Overview ....................................................................................................437 II. Article 57(l)(a) CISG ................................................................................437 III. Article 57(l)(b) CISG ................................................................................438 IV. Article 57(1) CISG as a General Principle Valid for Other Monetary Claims ..............................................................438 CONTENTS xix V. Means of Payment .....................................................................................439 VI. Article 57(1) CISG and Determination of Jurisdictional Competence ...............................................................................................440 VII. Article 57(2) CISG ....................................................................................442 VIII. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................444 Article 58 CISG .....................................................................................................448 I. Overview ....................................................................................................448 II. Article 58(1) CISG ....................................................................................448 III. Article 58(2) CISG ....................................................................................450 A. Operation ...........................................................................................450 B. Article 58(2) CISG — a General Principle of Retention? .....................450 IV. Article 58(3) CISG ....................................................................................451 V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................451 Article 59 CISG .....................................................................................................453 I. Overview ....................................................................................................453 II. Determining when Payment becomes Due ................................................453 Article 60 CISG .....................................................................................................455 I. Overview ....................................................................................................455 II. Article 60(a) CISG ....................................................................................455 A. Buyer s Involvement in the Delivery of the Goods .............................455 B. Article 60(a) CISG — A General Principle of Cooperation .................456 III. Article 60(b) CISG ....................................................................................457 Article 61 CISG .....................................................................................................461 I. Overview ....................................................................................................461 II. Article 61(1) CISG ....................................................................................461 III. Article 61(2) CISG ....................................................................................462 IV. Article 61(3) CISG ....................................................................................462 A. Rationale of Article 61(3) CISG and Current Major Problems ..........462 B. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ...........................................463 Article 62 CISG .....................................................................................................465 I. Overview ....................................................................................................465 II. Restrictions on Seller s Right to Payment and (Other) Specific Performance .....................................................................465 III. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................466 Article 63 CISG .....................................................................................................468 I. Overview ....................................................................................................468 II. Article 63(1) CISG ....................................................................................468 III. Article 63(2) CISG ....................................................................................470 xx CONTENTS Article 64 CISG.....................................................................................................471 I. Overview ....................................................................................................471 II. Article 64(l)(a) CISG ................................................................................472 III. Article 64(l)(b) CISG ................................................................................472 IV. Article 64(2) CISG ....................................................................................477 Article 65 CISG .....................................................................................................480 I. Overview ....................................................................................................480 II. Article 65(1) CISG ....................................................................................480 III. Article 65(2) CISG ....................................................................................481 IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................481 Article 66 CISG .....................................................................................................483 I. Overview of Chapter IV ............................................................................483 II. Article 66 CISG .........................................................................................483 III. Parties Agreement on Passing of Risk ......................................................485 A. In General ..........................................................................................485 B. In Particular: INCOTERMS® ............................................................486 С Interpretation of Contract Terms with regard to Risk Allocation ......487 D. Usages in International Trade and Practices established between the Parties .............................................................................489 Article 67 CISG .....................................................................................................491 I. Overview ....................................................................................................491 II. Handing Over to the First Carrier (Article 67(1) CISG) ...........................491 A. Article 67(1), Sentence 1 CISG ...........................................................491 B. Interpretation of Contract Terms with Regard to Risk Allocation ..................................................................................492 С Particular Place (Article 67(1), Sentence 2 CISG) ..............................493 D. Documents Controlling the Disposition of the Goods (Article 67(1), Sentence 3 CISG) ........................................................493 III. Identification of the Goods (Article 67(2) CISG) ......................................493 IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................494 Article 68 CISG .....................................................................................................497 I. Overview ....................................................................................................497 II. Passing of Risk at the Moment of the Conclusion of the Contract ..........498 III. Retroactive Allocation of the Risk ............................................................498 IV. Article 68, Sentence 3 CISG ......................................................................499 Article 69 CISG .....................................................................................................501 I. Overview ....................................................................................................501 II. Article 69(1) CISG ....................................................................................501 CONTENTS xxi III Article 69(2) CISG ....................................................................................502 IV. Article 69(3) CISG ....................................................................................503 Article 70 CISG .....................................................................................................505 I. Overview ....................................................................................................505 II. Operation of Article 70 CISG ...................................................................505 Article 71 CISG .....................................................................................................507 I. Overview of Articles 71 to 73: Anticipatory Breach and Instalment Contracts .................................................................................507 II. Preliminary Remedy (Article 71 CISG) .....................................................507 III. Right of Suspension (Article 71(1) CISG) .................................................508 A. Serious Deficiency in the Ability to Perform or in Creditworthiness (Article 71(l)(a) CISG) ...........................................508 B. Conduct in Performing or in Preparing to Perform the Contract (Article 71(l)(b) CISG) .......................................................510 IV. Right of Stoppage in Transit (Article 71(2) CISG) ....................................512 V. Notice Requirement: Providing Assurance (Article 71(3) CISG) ..................................................................................513 A. Giving Immediate Notice ...................................................................513 B. Providing Adequate Assurance ...........................................................515 VI. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................515 Article 72 CISG .....................................................................................................518 I. Overview ....................................................................................................518 II. Right to Avoid the Contract (Article 72(1) CISG) ....................................518 III. Notice Requirement (Article 72(2) CISG) .................................................519 IV. Refusal to Perform (Article 72(3) CISG) ...................................................520 V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................521 Article 73 CISG .....................................................................................................523 I. Overview ....................................................................................................523 II. Definition of Instalment Contract ...........................................................524 III. Fundamental Breach in respect of One Instalment (Article 73(1) CISG) ..................................................................................525 IV. Good Grounds for Future Fundamental Breach (Article 73(2) CISG) .....526 V. Avoidance of Past or Future Instalments due to their Interdependence (Article 73(3) CISG) .......................................................527 VI. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................528 Article 74 CISG .....................................................................................................530 I. Overview of Articles 74 to 77 and 79 CISG ..............................................530 И. Article 74, sentence 1 CISG .......................................................................530 xxii CONTENTS Α. Operation of Article 74, sentence 1 CISG ..........................................530 B. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ...........................................531 III. Types of Losses .........................................................................................531 A. General Categorisations .....................................................................531 B. The Principle of Full Compensation under the CISG ......................532 C. Non-performance Loss .......................................................................534 D. Incidental Loss ...................................................................................534 (a) In General ..................................................................................534 (b) Special Cases ..............................................................................535 (i) Expenditure for Debt Collection and Costs of Legal Proceedings ..........................................................535 (ii) Currency Devaluation .........................................................537 E. Consequential Damages .....................................................................540 (a) Loss of Profit .............................................................................540 (b) Liability towards Third Parties; Loss of Reputation ..................542 (c) Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ...................................543 IV. Article 74, sentence 2 CISG .......................................................................545 A. Operation of Article 74, sentence 2 CISG ..........................................545 B. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ...........................................547 V. CISG Advisory Council ............................................................................550 Article 75 CISG .....................................................................................................551 I. Overview ....................................................................................................551 II. Operation of Article 75 CISG ...................................................................551 A. Avoidance of the Contract .................................................................551 B. Reasonableness of the Cover Transaction ..........................................555 III. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................555 IV. CISG Advisory Council ............................................................................557 Article 76 CISG .....................................................................................................558 I. Overview ....................................................................................................558 II. Article 76(1), sentence 1 CISG ..................................................................558 A. Avoidance of the Contract .................................................................558 B. Current Market Price at the Time of Avoidance of the Contract .......560 III. Article 76(1), sentence 2 CISG ..................................................................562 IV. Article 76(2) CISG ....................................................................................562 V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................562 VI. CISG Advisory Council ............................................................................565 Article 77 CISG .....................................................................................................566 I. Overview ....................................................................................................566 II. Operation of Article 77 CISG ...................................................................566 III. Extent of Reduction of Damages ..............................................................570 IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................571 CONTENTS xxiii Article 78 CISC .....................................................................................................573 I. Overview ....................................................................................................573 II. History ......................................................................................................573 III. Operation of Article 78 CISG ...................................................................573 A. Scope of Application ..........................................................................573 B. Prerequisites .......................................................................................574 (a) Due Date ....................................................................................574 (b) No Requirement for Formal Notice of Default ..........................574 IV. Interest Rate ..............................................................................................575 V. Relationship between Articles 78 and 74 CISG and Domestic Law ..........581 Article 79 CISG .....................................................................................................583 I. Overview ....................................................................................................583 II. Operation of Article 79 CISG ...................................................................584 III. Article 79(1) CISG ....................................................................................584 A. Impediment Beyond the Party s Control ............................................584 B. Unforeseeability ..................................................................................584 С Avoiding or Overcoming the Impediment ..........................................584 D. Practical Use ......................................................................................585 IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................589 V Hardship ....................................................................................................592 VI. Article 79(2) CISG ....................................................................................596 VII. CISG Advisory Council ............................................................................600 Article 80 CISG .....................................................................................................601 I. Overview ....................................................................................................601 II. Article 80 CISG in Detail ..........................................................................601 III. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................603 Article 81 CISG .....................................................................................................605 I. Overview ....................................................................................................605 II. The Principle (Article 81(1) CISG) ............................................................606 A. Claims for Damages ...........................................................................606 B. Provision for the Settlement of Disputes ............................................606 С Other Provisions of the Contract .......................................................606 III. Duty to make Restitution (Article 81(2) CISG) .........................................607 Article 82 CISG .....................................................................................................611 I. Overview ....................................................................................................611 II. The Principle: No Avoidance where Restitution has become Impossible (Article 82(1) CISG) ................................................................612 III. The Three Exceptions (Art 82(2) CISG) ....................................................612 IV. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................614 xxiv CONTENTS Article 83 CISG.....................................................................................................616 Article 84 CISG.....................................................................................................617 I. Overview ....................................................................................................617 II. Duty to Pay Interest (Article 84(1) CISG) .................................................618 III. Accounting for Benefits (Article 84(2) CISG) ............................................619 Article 85 CISG .....................................................................................................622 I. Overview ....................................................................................................622 II. Operation of Article 85 CISG ...................................................................622 Article 86 CISG .....................................................................................................625 I. Overview ....................................................................................................625 II. Buyer s Duty to Preserve the Goods (Article 86(1) CISG) ........................625 III. Buyer s Duty to Take Possession of the Goods (Article 86(2) CISG) ..................................................................................626 Article 87 CISG .....................................................................................................628 I. Overview ....................................................................................................628 II. Operation of Article 87 CISG ...................................................................628 A. Requirements .....................................................................................628 B. Consequences .....................................................................................628 Article 88 CISG .....................................................................................................630 I. Overview ....................................................................................................630 II. Right to Resell the Goods (Article 88(1) CISG) ........................................630 III. Duty to Resell the Goods (Article 88(2) CISG) .........................................632 IV. Right to Retain Amount for Preservation and Resale Costs (Article 88(3) CISG) ........................................................................634 V. Comparison with Other Legal Provisions ..................................................635 Answers to Sample Questions .................................................................................637 Appendix: Text of the CISG ...................................................................................779
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spellingShingle	Schwenzer, Ingeborg 1951- Fountoulakis, Christiana 1977- Dimsey, Mariel International sales law [a guide to the CISG] United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 April 11 (DE-588)4124338-9 gnd United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods / (1980) Export sales contracts Conflict of laws / Sales Internationales Kaufrecht (DE-588)4162096-3 gnd Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4124338-9 (DE-588)4162096-3 (DE-588)4120509-1 (DE-588)4135952-5
title	International sales law [a guide to the CISG]
title_auth	International sales law [a guide to the CISG]
title_exact_search	International sales law [a guide to the CISG]
title_full	International sales law [a guide to the CISG] Ingeborg Schwenzer ; Christiana Fountoulakis ; Mariel Dimsey
title_fullStr	International sales law [a guide to the CISG] Ingeborg Schwenzer ; Christiana Fountoulakis ; Mariel Dimsey
title_full_unstemmed	International sales law [a guide to the CISG] Ingeborg Schwenzer ; Christiana Fountoulakis ; Mariel Dimsey
title_short	International sales law
title_sort	international sales law a guide to the cisg
title_sub	[a guide to the CISG]
topic	United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 April 11 (DE-588)4124338-9 gnd United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods / (1980) Export sales contracts Conflict of laws / Sales Internationales Kaufrecht (DE-588)4162096-3 gnd Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 gnd
topic_facet	United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 April 11 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods / (1980) Export sales contracts Conflict of laws / Sales Internationales Kaufrecht Internationaler Vergleich Quelle
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