Drevnejšie graffiti Sofii Kievskoj i vremja ee sozdanija:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kiev
Inst. Ukrainskoj Archeografii i Istočnikovedenija Im. M. S. Gruševskogo NAN Ukrainy
2012
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025381171&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025381171&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | PST: Najdavniši hrafiti Sofiï Kyïvsʹkoï ta čas ïï stvorennja. - In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in ukrain. und engl. Sprache |
| Umfang: | 229 S. zahlr. Ill. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819266751995576320 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SUMMARY
In
2011,
according to the Decree of the President of Ukraine and the
resolution of UNESCO, the 1000th anniversary of foundation of St. Sophia
Cathedral in Kyiv was celebrated at the national and international levels. The
scientific background for such celebration were the results of a comprehensive
study of the history, architecture, painting and graffiti of the Cathedral carried
out by the authors of this publication.
Currently, more than
7000
graffiti of St. Sophia of Kyiv are detected,
studied and catalogued. These results were obtained by applying a new method
of total (not selective) study of graffiti in situ, considering the features of old
plaster and the stratigraphy of inscriptions. During the study of text of graffiti
and its comparison with historical context and historical linguistics, an inter¬
disciplinary approach was applied. According to the analysis of the ancient graf¬
fiti, they are closely related to the liturgical function and a secular ceremonial
purpose of those parts of the cathedral in which they appeared, as well as to
the plots of the frescos in which they were left.
A significant role in the unique corpus of epigraphic monuments of St.
Sophia of Kyiv belongs to the oldest inscriptions, which are the most valuable
and reliable source to determine the time of construction of the main temple
of Kyivan
Rus.
This monograph summarizes and generalizes the previous
knowledge in the field of study of ancient inscriptions of the Cathedral, which
reliably confirmed the foundation of the Cathedral in
1011.
This date contradicts the chronicles, which mention the foundation of St.
Sophia under the year
1017
as well as
1037,
but nevertheless, it has serious
grounds. The tendentious annalistic records written in the times of Yaroslav
differ against each other in twenty years, due to the fact that they do not
document historical evidence but only reflect the attempts to coincide the
creation of St. Sophia with the reign of Yaroslav the Wise. Therefore, the
annalistic dates are artificially time-tagged to the main milestones of Yaros-
lav s reign in Kyiv: his appearance there at the end of
1016
from Novgorod
and turning into autocrat of
Rus
after the death of his brother Mstyslav and
imprisonment of his second brother Sudyslav. In other words, the contra¬
dictory annalistic records concerning the time of St. Sophia foundation preserved
in the lists of the
ІЗЛ — ібШ
centuries are inaccurate. Not in vain, an academic
dispute as to them has been lasting for two centuries and came to a dead-lock long
ago: both of sides thoroughly refute these dates.
228
Summary
The most reliable data for solution to this problem holds St. Sophia itself, in
particular unofficial inscriptions-graffiti on its walls. Of special value are graf¬
fiti, in which the dates of their inscription are specified. The discovered on the
frescoes in different parts of the cathedral inscriptions-graffiti dated back to
1018-1021, 1019, 1022
(three inscriptions),
1023, 1028, 1033
(three inscrip¬
tions) and
1036,
cross out the year of
1017,
as the time of foundation or even
completion of St. Sophia. They also cross out the year of
1017,
because they
incontrovertibly testify to the fact that by
1018—1019,
the cathedral had been
erected and decorated with paintings. In comparison with the days of St.
Sophia dedication that have been preserved in the church calendar, the graffiti
enable to date the foundation (dedication) of the church of St. Sophia the
Holy Wisdom on Sunday, November
4, 1011
(November
17,
according to
Gregorian Calendar) and its completion (dedication-inaguration) on Sunday,
the May
11 (24), 1018.
On those dates of all others, there were Dominical
(the Lord s) days and only on those days St. Sophia Cathedral (the Lord s
House) could be dedicated. In other words, the foundation of the cathedral
was laid and almost completed by Prince Volodymyr Baptizer of
Rus
(980—
1015)
and accomplished by his son Yaroslav.
In addition, there were found two cycles of inscriptions in the Cathedral,
which don t include the date, but can be dated by
1019,
as they referred to
authoritative political figures who had the authority Tn Kyiv and Novgorod in
the period of political strife in
1015 —
in
1019
but lost it in
1019.
They are
princess Olysava and Novgorod posadnik
Constantine
Dobrynych. So the year
1019,
as the date of writing of two cycles of graffiti is determined due to ana¬
lysis of well-known historical events. This dating agrees with other inscriptions
of the Cathedral, the earliest of which include dates
1018/21
and
1019.
The dating of the Cathedral by
1011—1018
is confirmed due to the study
of St. Sophia murals and architecture that confirms the fact of changing
donatore
of the Cathedral
—
the architectural and mural corrections were ma¬
de in the newly erected church at the stage of completion of fresco painting. It
is proved by laboratory research that compositionally, a fresco plaster and
glazed slabs of the floor the Church of the Tithes and St. Sophia are comp¬
letely identical. However, St. George and St. Irene Churches, which were later
erected by Yaroslav differ markedly from St. Sophia in these characteristics.
In mosaics and frescoes of St. Sophia, large and gradual glorification of
donators
of the cathedral Volodymyr and Anna the Baptizers of
Rus
is traced.
The most significantly this tendency had impact on secular frescoes, namely a
princely group portrait in the nave and painting of the staircase towers that
lead to the princely loft. The princely portrait was usually defined as a
portrayal of the family of Yaroslav the Wise. But one should not regard this
fresco as the portrait of Yaroslav s family, as it doesn t coordinate with the
dates of the abovementioned graffiti, considering that elder children of the
prince are depicted in the fresco as grown-ups, whereas YaroslaVs elder sons
and daughters were born from
1020
till
1032.
The hypothesis that in secular
frescoes of the staircase towers there is a portrayal of princess Olha s visit to
229
Древнейшие граффити Софии Киевской и время ее создания
Constantinople is also out-of-date, as it contradicts the content of the subject
of frescoes, medieval mental and ritual norms and
iconographie
canons.
Actually, the princely portrait depicts the family of Volodymyr and Anna and
the frescoes of towers demonstrate the conclusion of their dynastic marriage
that initiated the baptism of
Rus.
In religious subjects, Volodymyr and Anna
are glorified via symbolic prototypes, namely the saints that were either their
heavenly patrons or whose deeds were repeated by a princely married couple.
AU
these research results are confirmed by the data of non-annalistic
sources. The contemporary of St. Sophia construction, the Metropolitan
Hilarión
affirms that in this affair Yaroslav has completed Volodymyr s deeds
like Solomon accomplished David s undertaking in the creation of the Temple
of Jerusalem. In the chronicle of German bishop Thietmar of Merseburg,
written before
1018,
St. Sophia is mentioned as a functional residence of Kyi-
van metropolitan already under the years
1017—1018.
The notes of foreigners
Martin Gruneweg and Erich Lassota
von Steblau,
who visited St. Sophia at
the end of the 16th century testified that tradition to associate its creation with
activity of Volodymyr, whom they considered to be the constructor of St.
Sophia, existed in Kyiv until early modern period. In the published Latin
document from papal archive, dated back to
1595,
it is affirmed that namely
Volodymyr founded and endowed Kyivan Metropolitanate. The year of
1011,
as the time of foundation of the cathedral was mentioned in its two main insc¬
riptions
—
title (above the entrance) that appeared at the end of the
Іб 1
—
beginning of the
17*
c. and donator s (on the arches of the central dome)
executed in
1634,
by order of Metropolitan Petro
Mohyla,
who had control
over the data of St. Sophia archive that burnt in
1697.
The picture of
donator s inscription by
Mohyla
with the date of
1011,
taken by the restorers
in the middle of the 20th century was recently discovered in the archive of the
Reserve and published. Even in the 18th century, the year
1011
was officially
recognized as the date of St. Sophia foundation, according to published
statistical The Descriptions of Kyivan Eparchy of the
70s — 80s
of the
18*
century. The year
1011,
as the time of St. Sophia foundation is specified by
the clerk Yakov in the manuscript composed by him circa in
1770
that is kept
in the Central State Historical Archives in Kyiv.
Thus, date of birth of St. Sophia of Kyiv in
1011,
is officially recogni¬
zed by our ancestors. It is also a historical evidence proved by modern science,
reliability of which testifies the cathedral itself.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ГЛАВА
I
КОНЦЕПЦИЯ НОВОЙ ДАТИРОВКИ СОФИЙСКОГО СОБОРА:
ИСТОЧНИКИ, КОММЕНТАРИИ, ВЫВОДЫ
5
ГЛАВА
2
МЕТОДИКА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ГРАФФИТИ НА ФРЕСКАХ СОФИИ
КИЕВСКОЙ
...................................................................................................................... 52
ГЛАВА
3
ДРЕВНЕЙШИЕ ДАТИРОВАННЫЕ ГРАФФИТИ
................................................ 81
ГЛАВА
4
ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТЕКСТ ДРЕВНЕЙШИХ ДАТИРОВАННЫХ
ГРАФФИТИ
....................................................................................................................127
ГЛАВА
5
ДРЕВНЕЙШИЕ ГРАФФИТИ, ДАТИРУЮЩИЕСЯ ПО УПОМИНАЕМЫМ
В НИХ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИМ ЛИЦАМ
160
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
..............................................................................................................209
РЕЗЮМЕ
...........................................................................................................................225
SUMMARY
........................................................................................................................228
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Nikitenko, Nadija Mykolaïvna 1944- Kornijenko, Vjačeslav Vasylʹovyč 1979- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)188484280 (DE-588)138679061 |
| author_facet | Nikitenko, Nadija Mykolaïvna 1944- Kornijenko, Vjačeslav Vasylʹovyč 1979- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Nikitenko, Nadija Mykolaïvna 1944- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040535157 |
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| era_facet | Geschichte 1011-1030 |
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T16:17:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Russian |
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| publishDate | 2012 |
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| publisher | Inst. Ukrainskoj Archeografii i Istočnikovedenija Im. M. S. Gruševskogo NAN Ukrainy |
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| spellingShingle | Nikitenko, Nadija Mykolaïvna 1944- Kornijenko, Vjačeslav Vasylʹovyč 1979- Drevnejšie graffiti Sofii Kievskoj i vremja ee sozdanija Inschrift (DE-588)4027107-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4027107-9 (DE-588)4276605-9 |
| title | Drevnejšie graffiti Sofii Kievskoj i vremja ee sozdanija |
| title_alt | Najdavniši hrafiti Sofiï Kyïvsʹkoï ta čas ïï stvorennja |
| title_auth | Drevnejšie graffiti Sofii Kievskoj i vremja ee sozdanija |
| title_exact_search | Drevnejšie graffiti Sofii Kievskoj i vremja ee sozdanija |
| title_full | Drevnejšie graffiti Sofii Kievskoj i vremja ee sozdanija Nadežda Nikitenko, Vjačeslav Kornienko |
| title_fullStr | Drevnejšie graffiti Sofii Kievskoj i vremja ee sozdanija Nadežda Nikitenko, Vjačeslav Kornienko |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drevnejšie graffiti Sofii Kievskoj i vremja ee sozdanija Nadežda Nikitenko, Vjačeslav Kornienko |
| title_short | Drevnejšie graffiti Sofii Kievskoj i vremja ee sozdanija |
| title_sort | drevnejsie graffiti sofii kievskoj i vremja ee sozdanija |
| topic | Inschrift (DE-588)4027107-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Inschrift Sophienkathedrale Kiew |
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