Availability: Istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj Anglii i Drevnej Rusi

Istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj Anglii i Drevnej Rusi: sravnitelʹnoe issledovanie

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Gimon, Timofej Valentinovič (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	Russian
Published:	Moskva Univ. Dmitrija Požarskogo 2011
Subjects:	Geschichte 988-1400 Geschichte 597-1066 Chronik Annalen Moskauer Reich England Kiewer Reich
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025000664&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025000664&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Item Description:	PST: Historical writing in early medieval England and early Rus. - In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
Physical Description:	689 S. Ill., Kt.
ISBN:	9785912440496

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Record in the Search Index

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adam_text	СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Введение .......................................13 ЧАСТЬ I. Формы историописания в Англии и на Руси ..........32 Глава 1. Письменная культура Англо-Саксонской Англии и Древней Руси: Сравнительный очерк ....................32 § 1.1. Общие вопросы ..............................32 § 1.2. Конкретные виды текстов .......................52 Глава 2. Анналы и летописи ...........................69 § 2.1. О значении терминов «анналы» и «летописи» ...........69 а. «Анналы» и их соотношение с «хрониками» ................69 б. «Летописи» и их соотношение с «анналами» и «хрониками» .......85 § 2.2. Комплекс сохранившихся текстов ...................92 а. Английские анналы на латыни .........................92 б. Анналы на древнеанглийском языке (Англо-Саксонская хроника) ... 96 в. Древнерусские летописи ............................101 § 2.3. Сравнительный очерк истории англо-саксонской анналистики и древнерусского летописания ............106 а. Возникновение и ранняя история анналистики / летописания .... 106 б. Английская анналистика после 990-х годов и древнерусское летописание после 11 10-х годов ..............120 § 2.4. Внутренняя форма: Структура текста и хронологические формулы ......................124 § 2.5. Рукописи и окружение в них .....................136 § 2.6. Тематика сообщений, круг интересов летописцев ........140 § 2.7. Статус и авторство ...........................160 а. Место ведения анналов и летописей ....................161 б. Личность анналистов (летописцев) и их социальный статус ......163 в. Заказчики, инициаторы, патроны летописания ..............166 г. Статус авторов по отношению к заказчикам ................169 Глава 3. Пространные тексты, отличные от анналов и летописей ... 171 § 3.1. «Всеобщая история»: Иностранные и оригинальные сочинения .......................171 6 T.B. Гимон Историописание раннесредневековой Англии и Древней Руси а. Иностранные латиноязычные сочинения, бытовавшие Англии. «Орозий короля Альфреда» ........................................... б. «Большая хроника» Беды Достопочтенного ...........................183 в. Переводы иностранных исторических сочинений, известные на Руси ...................................................186 г. Древнерусские хронографы ..........................................193 д. Опыт сравнения ....................................................200 § 3.2. «Начальная история» о становлении государства и его христианизации ..........................................202 а. Сочинения Гильды и «Ненния» - «предыстория» Англо-Саксонской Англии ............................................202 б. «Церковная история народа англов» Беды Достопочтенного ...........203 в. Древнерусское Древнейшее сказание и возможность его сопоставления. «Слово о законе и благодати» Илариона ..............210 § 3.3. «Местная церковная история» .................................217 а. Две «Истории аббатов Веармута и Ярроу» ............................217 б. Поэмы о местной церковной истории (Алкуин и Этельвульф) .........221 в. «Истории-картулярии» английских монастырей ......................223 г. Возможные аналогии с Древней Русью. Киево-Печерский патерик ......225 § 3.4. Биографии правителей ........................................227 § 3.5. Другие опыты «связной» истории ..............................235 а. Хроника Этельвеарда и историческая компиляция Бирхтферта ........235 б. Галицко-Волынская летопись ........................................240 Глава 4. «Малые» формы историописания .............................243 § 4.1. Анналы на пасхальных таблицах ...............................243 § 4.2. «Малые хроники» и «хронологические расчеты» ................263 § 4.3. Перечни и генеалогии правителей ..............................277 § 4.4. Краткие заметки и «летописчики» о церковной истории .........291 § 4.5. «Протоавтобиографии» .......................................303 § 4.6. Летописные записи на книгах и стенах соборов .................309 ЧАСТЬ II. Средневековый летописец за работой ......................311 Глава 5. Вводные положения ..........................................311 § 5.1. Постановка проблемы .........................................311 § 5.2. Очерк истории изучения англо-саксонской анналистики и некоторых смежных сюжетов ............................... 313 § 5.3. Методы исследования ................................. 326 а. Палеографические и кодикологические методики .....................327 б. Сравнительно-текстологический метод ..............................331 в. Методы, основанные на внутреннем анализе текста ...................335 ____________________________ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ___________________________7 Глава 6. Древнейшая английская «живая летопись» и ее история ........338 § 6.1. Общая характеристика рукописи А .............................338 § 6.2. Номера годов в рукописи А и их «приключения» ................343 § 6.3. «Основное ядро» рукописи А: Текст за 60 г. до н. э.-920 г. н. э. ... 345 § 6.4. Статьи 924-1001 гг.: Несистематическое пополнение анналов. ... 356 § 6.5. Статьи 1002-1070 гг.: Краткая ретроспективная летопись ........364 § 6.6. Добавления и поправки в уже написанном тексте ...............370 Глава 7. Английская анналистика до и после Нормандского завоевания (1040-1070 e годы) ..................................376 § 7.1. Постановка проблемы, историография и пути решения ..........376 § 7.2. Кодикологический анализ рукописи С ..........................387 § 7.3. Кодикологический анализ рукописи D ..........................398 § 7.4. Другие источники (рукописи E и F, хроника Иоанна Вустерского) ...................................412 § 7.5. Сопоставление текстов ........................................415 § 7.6. Опыт детальной реконструкции истории английской анналистики 1040-1070-х годов ..............................................434 а. Источники рукописи D .............................................434 б. «Протограф Е» - анналы Кентербери и Дарема (?)....................436 в. «Протограф W» - Вустерские анналы ................................440 г. Еще раз о рукописи С: Как и где она велась? ...........................446 д. Рукопись D: Ее характер, время и место создания .....................448 е. Итоги ..............................................................459 § 7.7. Ведение погодных записей в Абингдоне и Вустере ...............461 а. Анналы Абингдона (рукопись С, статьи 1044-1066 гг.) .................461 б. Вустерские анналы (статьи 1035-1077 гг.) ............................465 § 7.8. Редактирование чужого текста: Опыт «микротекстологии» статьи 1049 г. .........................469 Глава 8. Погодные записи первой трети XII в ...........................478 § 8.1. Рукопись H (фрагмент анналов за 1113-1114 гг.) .................478 § 8.2. Рукопись E (анналы Питерборо, 1122-1131 гг.) ..................486 Глава 9. Работа древнерусских летописцев в свете англо-саксонских параллелей ............................497 § 9.1. Ведение погодных записей .....................................497 § 9.2. Составление сводов ...........................................509 § 9.3. Копирование и редактирование ................................518 8 T.B. Гимон Историописание раннесредневековой Англии и Древней Руси _____ § 9.4. Изменения и дополнения в уже существующей рукописи ........524 § 9.5. Погодная сетка и летописный текст ............................532 Заключение .........................................................537 Приложения ........................................................551 1. Предварительный перечень древнерусских и англо-саксонских рукописей, содержащих памятники историописания .................551 2. Перевод фрагментов Англо-Саксонской хроники на русский язык (совместно с З.Ю. Метлицкой) ......................................567 3. Реконструкция состава Вустерских анналов за 1035-1077 гг. .........580 4. Перечни и генеалогии правителей: Англо-Саксонские и древнерусские тексты .............................................589 5. Важнейшие центры книжности раннесредневековой Англии: Справочные сведения ..............................................601 Список принятых сокращений ........................................608 Указатель имен ......................................................630 Указатель географических названий ...................................658 Summary ............................................................665 Иллюстрации и карты ...............................................673 SUMMARY This book is an application of the approach called comparative source stud¬ ies which was recently suggested by Russian historians Sergey M. Kashtanov and Marina F. Rumyantseva. The main idea of this approach is to compare societies via a comparison of texts which were once produced by these societies. If we are interested in comparative history, it must be safer to compare not societies them¬ selves (which are subjects to reconstruction if not conjecture), but the texts which survived. The corpus of surviving texts (even though not necessarily representing all that was once written) shows which tasks this society resolved when using writing, and thus reflects the needs of the society. In other words, the variety of kinds of written texts produced by a society reflects something very important about how this society functioned. The Russian comparative source studies , thus, have a lot of common with such popular approach in recent Western historiog¬ raphy as the history of literacy and writing (Michael Clanchy, Rosamond McKit- terick, Simon Franklin, Roger Chartier, and others). A comparative source study , in ideal, should be concerned with all the corpus of written texts surviving from the both societies compared. In practice, however, it is not easy to undertake such a research. The task of this book is more modest. It is dedicated to just one (though important) group of texts: historical writing. I compare forms of historical writing which were created in two medieval so¬ cieties: Anglo-Saxon England and Old Rus. England and Rus were situated far enough geographically, and thus a direct cultural influence is hardly probable. However, these countries have important common features. Their written cul¬ tures developed after the conversion to Christianity, under significant influence of other, more developed written cultures. Unlike most of the regions of Europe in the Early Middle Ages, the Anglo-Saxons and the Rus practised writing in ver¬ nacular, not in Latin (as for England, not only in Latin). Finally, Anglo-Saxon his¬ torical writings survived in a good number of manuscripts, including very early ones. The evidence of these manuscripts is extremely helpful for the study of early Rus historical writing, reflected mostly in later copies and compilations. For both countries a period of several centuries is discussed in this book: 597-1066 for England and 988-c. 1400 for Rus. The first date in both cases is the beginning of the conversion to Christianity. The second date for England is the Norman Conquest and for Rus is (approximately) the beginning of using paper instead of parchment. It is not easy to define what is historical writing , which medieval texts belong to it, and which ones do not. In this book I do not speak about biblical books and 666 T.B. Гимон Историописание раннесредневековой Англии и Древней Руси commentaries to them, heroic and other poetry (excluding long poems on church history), hagiography, texts of Christian commemoration, and judicial documents (though all these groups of texts certainly can reflect historical memory). On the other hand, I include into historical writing not only outstanding texts, but also primitive ones, such as annals in Easter-tables, chronological summaries, lists of rulers, etc. The first part of the book is dedicated to a comparison of the range of genres of historical writing. The second part has a narrower task. It is concerned with the process of work of medieval annalists. This process is studied on the basis of sev¬ eral English manuscripts, and then, in the light of this, the possibilities of further studies of the Rus chronicles are discussed. Part 1. Forms of historical writing in England and Rus Chapter 1. Written culture of Anglo-Saxon England and Old Rus: A com¬ parative essay. The chapter contains a comparative overlook of writing in Anglo- Saxon England and Old Rus which should form a context for the rest of the study. The chapter discusses both general issues (such as political and ecclesiastical con¬ text, the appearance of writing, materials for writing, languages and alphabets, the quantity of extant manuscripts, problems of their survival) and particular kinds of texts (liturgical books, laws, acts, administrative documents, letters, etc.). Most of these demonstrate the similarity of Anglo-Saxon and Rus written cultures, even though significant differences certainly exist. Chapter 2. Annals and letopisi. Anglo-Saxon annals are represented, firstly, by several texts in Latin (the oldest among which being the annalistic continua¬ tions of Bedes Historia ecclesiastica) and, secondly, by the so-called Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which is in fact a group of manuscripts representing various stages and branches of Old English annalistic writing from the late 9th to the middle of the 12th century. Old Rus letopisi (often translated as chronicles ) are a very similar phenomenon. Extant letopisi manuscripts are all related to each other and repre¬ sent different stages and branches of letopisi writing in Rus from the 1 lth century on. Anglo-Saxon annals and Rus letopisi are very similar. Texts of both consist of annual entries starting with annal-numbers. These entries, in turn, normally con¬ sist of notes (brief or extended) on particular events, separated one from another by wordings like in this very year or similar ones. For both, Anglo-Saxon annals and Rus letopisi, the diversity of length of entries (which can include brief notes on events as well as extended narrations), blank annals, and the inclusion of frag¬ ments of other genres (such as poetic and hagiographie narrations, judicial texts, etc.) are typical. Thus, it seems reasonable to regard Anglo-Saxon annals and Old Rus letopisi as two representatives of the same annalistic genre. The second chapter of the book contains a comparison of Anglo-Saxon an¬ nals and Rus letopisi. I start with the definitions of these genres and the principal possibility of their comparison, and then I give an introduction into the corpus of SUMMARY 667 surviving texts and an outline of history of Anglo-Saxon annalisic writing and Rus letopisi writing. After that, the internal form of these texts, their manuscript layout and context in manuscripts, the choice of events to be described, the status of the annalists and their patrons, as well as the places of their work, are compared. In spite of some significant differences (for example, Rus letopisi are much more interested in church building and in astronomical phenomena than An¬ glo-Saxon annals) they have a lot of common. After all, for both countries they were the only form of historical writing represented not by one text (or several similar texts) but by a long-standing continuous tradition of updating, revising and compiling such texts. Chapter 3. Extended texts different from annals and letopisi. Both, Anglo- Saxon and Old Rus left us a number of non-annalistic historical writings. First of all, these are works of foreign historians known and used in the countries in ques¬ tion. Some twenty antique, early Christian and medieval historical works in Latin (or in Latin translation) are known to have been known in Anglo-Saxon England (either survived in extant copies written or owned in pre- 1066 England, or are mentioned in booklists, or were quoted by Anglo-Saxon authors). The only for¬ eign historical work translated into Old English (with changes and supplements) was the History against the Pagans by Paul Orosius (the translation was made in the time of the Alfredian revival in the late 9th century). Pre- 1400 Rus knew at least six foreign historical works translated into Church Slavonic (the Chronicles of George Amártelos, John Malalas and George Syncellus, the History of the fu- dean War by Joseph Flavius, the pseudo-Callisthenes Alexandria, - all translated from Greek, and Hebrew chronicle Josippon). Either these translations having been made in Rus itself or elsewhere in Slávia Orthodoxa, they were known in Rus and used as sources for original works (even though only Amartolos Chronicle survived in Rus pre- 1400 manuscripts). The only direct coincidence in the choice of such works in England and Rus is the History of the Judean War, but a general similarity can be observed. Old Rus not only possessed copies of translated works but created original compilations on world history (in fact, biblical, Roman and Byzantine history). These compilations are traditionally called chronographs (Simon Franklin sug¬ gested to call them in English historical compendia1). Chronographs were based on biblical books, translated historical works and other sources. Several such com¬ pilations were certainly created before 1400, although some important questions of their history are subjects to scholarly discussion. Anglo-Saxons did not create such compilations, as far as is known. The only Anglo-Saxon extended original work on world history is Bede s Chronica maiora, which is an introduction into the chronology of the world, not a compilation of such sort as Rus chronographs. 1 Franklin S.D. Some Apocryphical Sources of Kievan Russian Historiography // Franklin S.D. Byzantium - Rus - Russia: Studies in the translation of Christian culture. Aldershot, 2002. P. 1-2. 668 ТВ. Гимон Историописание раннесредневековой Англии и Древней Руси The central work for Anglo-Saxon historical writing is the Ecclesiastical His¬ tory of the English People by Venerable Bede, finished in 731 in Northumbria. Bede gave a coherent narration on the establishment of the Christian church in Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and (more or less) on the political history of these king¬ doms; he also placed the English people into the context of world history. It is an interesting question, which Old Rus text can be compared with Bedes main work. On the one hand, the Rus early 12th-century Primary Chronicle (Povesť vremen- nykh let, The Tale of Bygone Years) can be suggested for such a comparison. It also tells the early history of the state and the church of Rus and places it into a world - history context. But the Primary Chronicle is a representative of letopisi, and thus is to be compared with annals, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, namely with its late 9th-century common stock. The Primary Chronicle was already a compilation, its compiler certainly used earlier 11th-century texts. Bede, on the contrary, wrote a non-annalistic narration, and it was not a compilation (though Bede used some written sources as well as materials sent to him by his correspondents). Many scholars assume that the first text among the precursors of the Primary Chronicle was a non-annalistic narration telling the story of the establishment of Rus ruling dynasty and church, and this text (if it existed) can be a better parallel to Bede s Ecclesiastical History. On the other hand, llth-century Metropolitan Hilarion s Sermon of Law and Grace can be compared with Bede s work: even though the Sermon is much smaller and by no means a historical narration, it includes an explicit argument on the Russ place in the history of the world. Anglo-Saxons wrote several local ecclesiastical histories : two Histories of the Abbots ofWearmouth andjarrow (anonymous and Bede s ones), poetic narrations on local church history by Alcuin and ^thelwulf, later compilations combining the features of history and cartulary (such as Historia de Sancto Cuthberto). The only pre- 1400 Rus text to be compared with those is the Kievan Cave Paterikon. Anglo-Saxon England and pre- 1400 Rus each left us a couple of texts which can be defined as biographies of rulers (Asser s Life of King Alfred, Encomium Em- mae Reginae [Gesta Cnutonis]; the Life of Alexander Nevsky, the Life ofDaumantas of Pskov). Such non-hagiographic biographies (in the case of Rus Lives - with hagiographie elements) first appeared relatively late (in England in the late 9th century; in Rus in the late 13th century) and - that may be significant - in the times of foreign invasions. Other examples of extended non-annalistic historical narrations (also relative¬ ly late) are the Chronicle of ^Ethelweard (978x988), the Historical Compilation of Byrhtferth (c. 1000), and the Galycian-Volynian Chronicle (13th century). These three texts are rather different, but they all represent attempts to write national history in a way different from the annals - the mainline way of recording events in that time. Chapter 4. Minor forms of historical writing. Anglo-Saxon and Rus manu¬ scripts contain a variety of minor historical writings. Most of kinds of such texts can be found in both countries. SUMMARY 669 Annalistic notes in Easter-tables were made by Anglo-Saxons from the 8th (or maybe even from the 7th) century. One manuscript with such notes is extant from the 8th century, two from the last hundred years before the Norman Conquest, and several ones from the late 1 lth and the early 12th centuries. These texts dem¬ onstrate variability in form (of the tables themselves as well as of annalistic notes), in chronological coverage, and in topics of their notes. One text of this kind is ex¬ tant from pre- 1400 Rus (an Easter-table with notes on events created in Novgorod in the 1340s) but this text probably had a 13th-century exemplar of the same sort. Another group of minor texts can be called minor chronicles and chronologi¬ cal summaries . In England these include Bedes Chronica minora and numerous notes on six (seven) ages of the world . These can be compared with the Slavonic translations of Patriarch Nikephoros s Chronographikon syntomon known and continued in Rus, as well as with some other minor chronicles translated from Greek or compiled in Greek style. Besides these, there are two early Anglo-Saxon notes in which several important events are summarized and the chronological distance from each event to the year of writing (737 and 756 respectively) is in¬ dicated. No such notes are known in Rus, but in 11th-century Jacob the Monk s panegyric to Saint Vladimir there is a chronological summary of his life, where years are counted from Vladimir s succession and from his conversion. The third group of minor texts includes lists and genealogies of rulers. Anglo- Saxon manuscripts know lists and genealogies of kings, lists of popes, archbish¬ ops, bishops and abbots. The earliest manuscript with a regnal list dates from 737, and the creation of some lists was probably connected with Bedes work. No such lists are extant in Rus pre- 1400 manuscripts, but we find many lists of princes, ec¬ clesiastical rulers and city magistrates of Novgorod in the manuscripts of the 15th century. Some of them are very probable to go back to earlier exemplars which did not survive, and some of such exemplars can be dated as early as from the 12th or even the late 1 lth century. Anglo-Saxon and Rus lists often form collections in manuscripts. Some of such lists and collections were updated after having once been written. The main difference is that we know no pre- 1400 Rus genealogies of princes while in Anglo-Saxon England royal genealogies are numerous and well-known. The fourth group of minor texts includes short notes and minor annals on ecclesiastical history. Several examples of such texts can be found in late Anglo- Saxon manuscripts and at least one in a late 12th-century book from Novgorod. These texts usually cover several events from the history of a certain religious community. Some of them are annalistic in form. Finally, there is at least one Anglo-Saxon and one Old Rus example of pro- to-autobiography (in fact, list of authors achievements introduced into another text). Bede the Venerable in 731 described briefly his life and listed his works at the end of his Ecclesiastical History. Vladimir Monomakh с 1100 listed his ways (mostly military campaigns) and hunter s achievements in his Instruction to chil¬ dren. In both countries there are texts which pretend to be autobiographies of 670 T.B. Гимон Историописание раннесредневековой Англии и Древней Руси ecclesiastical hierarchs, but are probably later forgeries (the autobiographies of Bishop Giso of Wells and Abbot Lazar of Murom monastery in the Lake Onega). There are several historical inscriptions (notes on one or two events) on the walls of Rus churches (graffiti) as well as in parchment manuscripts. No such texts are known (perhaps, with one exception) in Anglo-Saxon England. Part 2. Medieval annalist at work Chapter 5. Introductory notes. This chapter explains the necessity of such study, gives a historiographical survey and summarizes the methods of the study. The latter include palaeographical and codicological observations (changes and variations of script, changes of ink and pen, variations in layout, etc.), comparison of texts, analysis of the circle of the events described in the annals, of datings, of respective and absolute chronology, and some others. Chapter 6. The earliest English living chronicle and its history. Manuscript A of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has a long history. Once created in the late 9th or rather in the early 10th century, it was updated until the early 12th century, first in Winchester and, after the Conquest, in Canterbury. The chapter follows the main stages of the life of this manuscript: the creation of its main body and the first additions to it in the early 10th century; the unsystematic process of updating the manuscript from the 940s until the 1000s in Winchester; the creation of brief retrospective annals for the 1 lth century by several Canterbury scribes in the late 11th and/or the early 12th century; the adventures of As annal-numbers (which were altered several times); the interpolations made in A by various hands from the 10th to the 12th century. The chapter is mostly based on the works by British scholars (Malcolm Parkes, David Dumville, Janet Bately, and others) whose theo¬ ries are summarized and discussed, though I suggest some observations and in¬ terpretations of my own. In all the cases my main task is to show the range of pos¬ sibilities in the manner of work of those who updated and amended the annals. Chapter 7. English annalistic writing before and after the Norman Con¬ quest (the 1040S-1070S). The annalistic writing of England of the 1040S-1070S gives a scholar a unique chance to reconstruct the work of the annalists and the interaction of different annalistic centers in detail. We possess two types of data: the complicated paleography of manuscripts С and D of the Anglo-Saxon Chron¬ icle and lots of differences and similarities between the extant text (MSS. C, D, E, and F, the Chronicle of John of Worcester). English llth-century annals were studied many times (works by Charles Plummer, Neil Ker, Sten Körner, Doro¬ thy Whitelock, David Dumville, Stephen Baxter, and others), but till now nobody suggested a theory which would explain all this complicated data of paleography and interrelations of texts. As for paleography, MS. С seems to be a manuscript created in one sitting с 1044 and later updated year by year (up to 1048 by one scribe and later by an¬ other). Neil Ker thought that annals for 1049-1051 were also written at intervals, SUMMARY 671 though Patrick Conner regards them as composed all at the same time. I sug¬ gest some observations in support of Kers view. The annals for 1052-1056 and 1065-1066 in С were added as two blocks, though each by more than one scribe. MS. D is more problematic. Its numerous paleographical boundaries led Ker and others to regard it as a living chronicle updated year by year. Other scholars sug¬ gested some case for thinking that D was created all in one sitting. I think that the latter are right, though Ds paleographical boundaries deserve special attention. The two most impressive ones coincide with the beginning and the end of Aldred s archbishopric in York, as well as with some codicological features and changes in the interrelations of texts. D seems to be an original of a compilation (made in or soon after 1079), the compilers of which were especially interested in the period of Aldred s archbishopric2. As for the text-relations, it is possible to divide all the comparable text into several zones (usually one or several annual entries) for each of which the in¬ terrelations of the texts can be formulated in a more or less simple way3. The interpretation of these zones (together with the data of paleography of С and D) is the main task of chapter 7. 1 think that there existed two main non-extant an- nalistic manuscripts, both updated year by year. One of them was kept in Can¬ terbury, St Augustine s, and later, in the late 1060s and the 1070s, in Northern England, probably in Durham. These annals are reflected in E, F, and partly in D. The other manuscript was kept in Worcester (or maybe in Evesham) at least from the 1030s to the 1070s. These Worcester annals became the main English source for the 11th-century section of the Chronicle of John of Worcester, they were also used by D and C. The annals of Canterbury-Durham and those of Worcester interacted at least twice: the annalists of latter borrowed from the annals of Canterbury-Durham two blocks of entries: for 1057-1060 and 1071- 1076. The extant MS. С is a third example of such annals updated year by year. С was kept in the 1040s-1060s in Abingdon, some of its entries were copied from the annals of Worcester, others were original, composed by Abingdon scribes themselves. MS. D is an original of a compilation created in one sitting in or soon after 1079 in York or Durham by several scribes on the base of two main sources (the annals of Canterbury-Durham and the annals of Worcester) with some additional original material. This theory of the interrelations of texts is summarized in a stemma in p. 460 of this book. Finally, I follow the process of updating annals (the periodicity of making new records, the manner of borrowing annalistic material from one annals to other, the glosses to the text already written, etc.) on the material of С and non-extant Worcester annals. I also follow and compare the changes which were made in the 2 Most of my observations on С and D s codicology are summarized in an English-language article: Guimon T. V, The Writing of Annals in Eleventh-Century England: Palaeography and Textual History // Writing and Texts in Anglo-Saxon England / Ed. A. Rumble. Woodbridge, 2006. P. 137-145. 3 See the list of these zones: Ibid. P. 138 (or in p. 433-434 of this book). 672 T.B. Гимон Историописание раннесредневековой Англии и Древней Руси borrowed text of the same entry (for 1049) by three chroniclers: the scribe of C, the scribe of D, and John of Worcester. Chapter 8. Contemporary recording events in the early 12th century. There are two early 12th-century examples of annals kept year by year and preserved in original: the fragment H (one leaf with the annals for 1113 and 1114) and the entries for 1122-1131 in MS. E of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (the annals of Peter¬ borough). I try to follow in detail in which moments the new records were made and which alterations were made in the text already written. Chapter 9. The work of Old Rus annalists in the light of Anglo-Saxon paral¬ lels. The last chapter of the book is dedicated to letopisi writing in Old Rus. It is a survey of what we know about the process of work of Rus annalists in comparison with what is known on the work of their English colleagues. Four main kinds of annalistic activity are concerned: updating annals year by year; compilatory work; copying and revising somebody else s text; interpolating and amending text in the same manuscript. The problem of the interrelations between the annalistic frame¬ work (in its most physical sense, the column of annal-numbers) and the text itself is also treated. The main results of the work are summarized in the Contusion, in which the respective chronology of the appearance of different kinds of historical writing is also discussed. It can be observed that the majority of such kinds of texts (but not all of them) appear in both countries very early: in Northumbria in the first half of the 8th century (most of the texts being written by Venerable Bede or connected in some way with his writings) and in Kievan Rus in the 11th century. This sup¬ ports the general conclusion which can be made: the range of genres of historical writing and many features of their development were rather similar in Anglo-Sax¬ on England and pre- 1400 Rus, even though some substantial differences (such as the absence of compilations on world history in pre- 1000 England or the absence of rulers genealogies in pre- 1400 Rus) also exist. The book has five appendices. The first one is a preliminary list of extant Eng¬ lish and Rus manuscripts containing examples of historical writing. The second appendix contains a translation of some fragments of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle into Russian (prepared in collaboration with Zoia Metlistskaya). The third ap¬ pendix is a list of items (notes or narrations on events) which I suppose to have been contained by the non-extant annals of Worcester (this list illustrates one the conclusions of chapter 7). The fourth appendix contains texts (or Russian transla¬ tions in the case of Latin and Old English texts) of some lists and genealogies of rulers (Anglo-Saxon regnal and episcopal lists, and royal genealogies; Old Rus lists of princes, ecclesiastical rulers and posadniks). The fifth appendix contains reference information on the principle religious houses of Anglo-Saxon England mentioned in the book.
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spellingShingle	Gimon, Timofej Valentinovič Istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj Anglii i Drevnej Rusi sravnitelʹnoe issledovanie Chronik (DE-588)4127914-1 gnd Annalen (DE-588)4142534-0 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4127914-1 (DE-588)4142534-0 (DE-588)4301291-7 (DE-588)4014770-8 (DE-588)4073393-2
title	Istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj Anglii i Drevnej Rusi sravnitelʹnoe issledovanie
title_alt	Historical writing in early medieval England and early Rus
title_auth	Istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj Anglii i Drevnej Rusi sravnitelʹnoe issledovanie
title_exact_search	Istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj Anglii i Drevnej Rusi sravnitelʹnoe issledovanie
title_full	Istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj Anglii i Drevnej Rusi sravnitelʹnoe issledovanie
title_fullStr	Istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj Anglii i Drevnej Rusi sravnitelʹnoe issledovanie
title_full_unstemmed	Istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj Anglii i Drevnej Rusi sravnitelʹnoe issledovanie
title_short	Istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj Anglii i Drevnej Rusi
title_sort	istoriopisanie rannesrednevekovoj anglii i drevnej rusi sravnitelʹnoe issledovanie
title_sub	sravnitelʹnoe issledovanie
topic	Chronik (DE-588)4127914-1 gnd Annalen (DE-588)4142534-0 gnd
topic_facet	Chronik Annalen Moskauer Reich England Kiewer Reich
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