Verfügbarkeit: Molecular fluorescence | Technische Universität München

Molecular fluorescence: principles and applications

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteiligte Personen:	Valeur, Bernard (VerfasserIn), Berberan-Santos, Mário Nuno (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2012
Ausgabe:	2. ed.
Schlagwörter:	Fluoreszenzspektroskopie
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024997404&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Umfang:	XXI, 569 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9783527328376 9783527328468 9783527650033

Internformat

MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

DE-BY-TUM_call_number	0302 CHE 243f 2012 A 4274(2)
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adam_text	IMAGE 1 CONTENTS PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION XV PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION X V I I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS X I X PROLOGUE X X I 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 WHAT IS LUMINESCENCE? 1 1.2 A BRIEF HISTORY O F FLUORESCENCE AND PHOSPHORESCENCE 2 1.2.1 EARLY OBSERVATIONS 3 1.2.2 ON THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN FLUORESCENCE AND PHOSPHORESCENCE: DECAY TIME MEASUREMENTS 10 1.2.3 THE PERRIN-JABLONSKI DIAGRAM 12 1.2.4 FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION 14 1.2.5 RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER 16 1.2.6 EARLY APPLICATIONS O F FLUORESCENCE 17 1.3 PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SPECIES: FLUORESCENCE OR PHOSPHORESCENCE? 19 1.4 VARIOUS DE-EXCITATION PROCESSES O F EXCITED MOLECULES 20 1.5 FLUORESCENT PROBES, INDICATORS, LABELS, AND TRACERS 21 1.6 ULTIMATE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL RESOLUTION: FEMTOSECONDS, FEMTOLITERS, FEMTOMOLES, AND SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION 23 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY: MONOGRAPHS AND BOOKS 25 PART I PRINCIPLES 31 2 ABSORPTION O F ULTRAVIOLET, VISIBLE, AND NEAR-INFRARED RADIATION 33 2.1 ELECTRONIC TRANSITIONS 33 2.2 TRANSITION PROBABILITIES: THE BEER-LAMBERT LAW, OSCILLATOR STRENGTH 39 2.3 SELECTION RULES 46 2.4 THE FRANCK-CONDON PRINCIPLE 47 HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1016558465 IMAGE 2 V I CONTENTS 2.5 MULTIPHOTON ABSORPTION AND HARMONIC GENERATION 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY 53 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORESCENCE EMISSION 53 3.1 RADIATIVE AND NONRADIATIVE TRANSITIONS BETWEEN ELECTRONIC STATES 53 3.1.1 INTERNAL CONVERSION 56 3.1.2 FLUORESCENCE 56 3.1.3 INTERSYSTEM CROSSING AND SUBSEQUENT PROCESSES 57 3.1.3.1 INTERSYSTEM CROSSING 58 3.1.3.2 PHOSPHORESCENCE VERSUS NONRADIATIVE DE-EXCITATION 60 3.1.3.3 DELAYED FLUORESCENCE 60 3.1.3.4 TRIPLET-TRIPLET TRANSITIONS 63 3.2 LIFETIMES AND QUANTUM YIELDS 63 3.2.1 EXCITED-STATE LIFETIMES 63 3.2.2 QUANTUM YIELDS 64 3.2.3 EFFECT O F TEMPERATURE 66 3.3 EMISSION AND EXCITATION SPECTRA 67 3.3.1 STEADY-STATE FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY 67 3.3.2 EMISSION SPECTRA 68 3.3.3 EXCITATION SPECTRA 73 3.3.4 STOKES SHIFT 72 BIBLIOGRAPHY 74 4 STRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION 75 4.1 EFFECTS OF THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE O F ORGANIC MOLECULES ON THEIR FLUORESCENCE 75 4.1.1 EXTENT O F THE IT-ELECTRON SYSTEM: NATURE O F THE LOWEST-LYING TRANSITION 75 4.1.2 SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 77 4.1.2.1 INTERNAL HEAVY ATOM EFFECT 77 4.1.2.2 ELECTRON-DONATING SUBSTITUENTS: - O H , -OR, -NH 2 , -NHR, -NR 2 78 4.1.2.3 ELECTRON-WITHDRAWING SUBSTITUENTS: CARBONYL AND NITRO COMPOUNDS 78 4.1.2.4 SULFONATES 79 4.1.3 HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS 80 4.1.3.1 COMPOUNDS WITH HETERONITROGEN ATOMS 80 4.1.3.2 COUMARINS 81 4.1.3.3 XANTHENIC DYES 82 4.1.3.4 OXAZINES 84 4.1.3.5 CYANINES 85 4.1.3.6 BODIPY FLUOROPHORES 86 4.1.4 COMPOUNDS UNDERGOING PHOTOINDUCED ICT AND INTERNAL ROTATION 87 IMAGE 3 CONTENTS \| V I I 4.2 FLUORESCENCE O F CONJUGATED POLYMERS (CPS) 92 4.3 LUMINESCENCE O F CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES: FULLERENES, NANOTUBES, AND CARBON DOTS 93 4.4 LUMINESCENCE O F METAL COMPOUNDS, METAL COMPLEXES, AND METAL CLUSTERS 96 4.5 LUMINESCENCE O F SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS (QUANTUM DOTS AND QUANTUM RODS) 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY 105 5 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION 109 5.1 HOMOGENEOUS AND INHOMOGENEOUS BAND BROADENING-RED-EDGE EFFECTS 109 5.2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON SOLVENT EFFECTS 110 5.3 SOLVENT RELAXATION SUBSEQUENT TO PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE TRANSFER (PCT) 112 5.4 THEORY OF SOLVATOCHROMIC SHIFTS 117 5.5 EFFECTS O F SPECIFIC INTERACTIONS 119 5.5.1 EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN BONDING ON ABSORPTION AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA 119 5.5.2 EXAMPLES O F EFFECTS O F SPECIFIC INTERACTIONS 120 5.5.3 POLARITY-INDUCED INVERSION O F N-7T* AND N-JT* STATES 123 5.6 EMPIRICAL SCALES O F SOLVENT POLARITY 124 5.6.1 SCALES BASED ON SOLVATOCHROMIC SHIFTS 124 5.6.1.1 SINGLE-PARAMETER APPROACH 124 5.6.1.2 MULTIPARAMETER APPROACH 126 5.6.2 SCALE BASED ON POLARITY-INDUCED CHANGES IN VIBRONIC BANDS (PY SCALE) 129 5.7 VISCOSITY EFFECTS 129 5.7.1 WHAT IS VISCOSITY? SIGNIFICANCE AT A MICROSCOPIC LEVEL 129 5.7.2 VISCOSITY EFFECT ON THE FLUORESCENCE O F MOLECULES UNDERGOING INTERNAL ROTATIONS 132 5.8 FLUORESCENCE IN SOLID MATRICES AT LOW TEMPERATURE 135 5.8.1 SHPOL SKII SPECTROSCOPY 136 5.8.2 MATRIX ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY 137 5.8.3 SITE-SELECTION SPECTROSCOPY 137 5.9 FLUORESCENCE IN GAS PHASE: SUPERSONIC JETS 137 BIBLIOGRAPHY 138 6 EFFECTS O F INTERMOLECULAR PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION 141 6.1 INTRODUCTION 141 6.2 OVERVIEW O F THE INTERMOLECULAR DE-EXCITATION PROCESSES O F EXCITED MOLECULES LEADING TO FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING 143 6.2.1 PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH 143 IMAGE 4 V I I I CONTENTS 6.2.2 DYNAMIC QUENCHING 146 6.2.2.1 STERN-VOLMER KINETICS 146 6.2.2.2 TRANSIENT EFFECTS 148 6.2.3 STATIC QUENCHING 152 6.2.3.1 SPHERE O F EFFECTIVE QUENCHING 152 6.2.3.2 FORMATION OF A GROUND-STATE NONFLUORESCENT COMPLEX 153 6.2.4 SIMULTANEOUS DYNAMIC AND STATIC QUENCHING 154 6.2.5 QUENCHING O F HETEROGENEOUSLY EMITTING SYSTEMS 158 6.3 PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER 159 6.4 FORMATION OF EXCIMERS AND EXCIPLEXES 162 6.4.1 EXCIMERS 163 6.4.2 EXCIPLEXES 167 6.5 PHOTOINDUCED PROTON TRANSFER 168 6.5.1 GENERAL EQUATIONS FOR DEPROTONATION IN THE EXCITED STATE 170 6.5.2 DETERMINATION O F THE EXCITED-STATE PK* 172 6.5.2.1 PREDICTION BY MEANS O F THE FORSTER CYCLE 172 6.5.2.2 STEADY-STATE MEASUREMENTS 173 6.5.2.3 TIME-RESOLVED EXPERIMENTS 174 6.5.3 PH DEPENDENCE O F ABSORPTION AND EMISSION SPECTRA 174 6.5.4 EQUATIONS FOR BASES UNDERGOING PROTONATION IN THE EXCITED STATE 178 BIBLIOGRAPHY 179 7 FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION: EMISSION ANISOTROPY 181 7.1 POLARIZED LIGHT AND PHOTOSELECTION O F ABSORBING MOLECULES 181 7.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE POLARIZATION STATE OF FLUORESCENCE (POLARIZATION RATIO AND EMISSION ANISOTROPY) 184 7.2.1 EXCITATION BY POLARIZED LIGHT 184 7.2.1.1 VERTICALLY POLARIZED EXCITATION 184 7.2.1.2 HORIZONTALLY POLARIZED EXCITATION 186 7.2.2 EXCITATION BY NATURAL LIGHT 187 7.3 INSTANTANEOUS AND STEADY-STATE ANISOTROPY 187 7.3.1 INSTANTANEOUS ANISOTROPY 187 7.3.2 STEADY-STATE ANISOTROPY 188 7.4 ADDITIVITY LAW OF ANISOTROPY 188 7.5 RELATION BETWEEN EMISSION ANISOTROPY AND ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF THE EMISSION TRANSITION MOMENTS 190 7.6 CASE O F MOTIONLESS MOLECULES WITH RANDOM ORIENTATION 191 7.6.1 PARALLEL ABSORPTION AND EMISSION TRANSITION MOMENTS 191 7.6.2 NONPARALLEL ABSORPTION AND EMISSION TRANSITION MOMENTS 192 7.6.3 MULTIPHOTON EXCITATION 196 7.7 EFFECT OF ROTATIONAL MOTION 199 7.7.1 FREE ROTATIONS 200 7.7.1.1 GENERAL EQUATIONS 200 IMAGE 5 CONTENTS \| I X 7.7.1.2 ISOTROPIC ROTATIONS 201 7.7.1.3 ANISOTROPIC ROTATIONS 203 7.7.2 HINDERED ROTATIONS 206 7.8 APPLICATIONS 207 BIBLIOGRAPHY 210 8 EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER 213 8.1 INTRODUCTION 213 8.2 DISTINCTION BETWEEN RADIATIVE AND NONRADIATIVE TRANSFER 218 8.3 RADIATIVE ENERGY TRANSFER 219 8.4 NONRADIATIVE ENERGY TRANSFER 221 8.4.1 INTERACTIONS INVOLVED IN NONRADIATIVE ENERGY TRANSFER 221 8.4.2 THE THREE MAIN CLASSES OF COUPLING 224 8.4.3 FORSTER S FORMULATION O F LONG-RANGE DIPOLE-DIPOLE TRANSFER (VERY WEAK COUPLING) 226 8.4.4 DEXTER S FORMULATION OF EXCHANGE ENERGY TRANSFER (VERY WEAK COUPLING) 233 8.4.5 SELECTION RULES 233 8.5 DETERMINATION OF DISTANCES AT A SUPRAMOLECULAR LEVEL USING FRET 235 8.5.1 SINGLE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE DONOR AND THE ACCEPTOR 235 8.5.2 DISTRIBUTIONS O F DISTANCES IN DONOR-ACCEPTOR PAIRS 239 8.5.3 SINGLE MOLECULE STUDIES 242 8.5.4 ON THE VALIDITY O F FORSTER S THEORY FOR THE ESTIMATION OF DISTANCES 242 8.6 FRET IN ENSEMBLES O F DONORS AND ACCEPTORS 243 8.6.1 FRET IN THREE DIMENSIONS: EFFECT O F VISCOSITY 243 8.6.2 EFFECTS OF DIMENSIONALITY ON FRET 247 8.6.3 EFFECTS O F RESTRICTED GEOMETRIES ON FRET 250 8.7 FRET BETWEEN LIKE MOLECULES: EXCITATION ENERGY MIGRATION IN ASSEMBLIES O F CHROMOPHORES 250 8.7.1 FRET WITHIN A PAIR O F LIKE CHROMOPHORES 251 8.7.2 FRET IN ASSEMBLIES O F LIKE CHROMOPHORES 251 8.7.3 LACK O F ENERGY TRANSFER UPON EXCITATION AT THE RED EDGE OF THE ABSORPTION SPECTRUM (WEBER S RED-EDGE EFFECT) 252 8.8 OVERVIEW O F QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPLICATIONS O F FRET 252 BIBLIOGRAPHY 258 PART II TECHNIQUES 263 9 STEADY-STATE SPECTROFLUOROMETRY 265 9.1 OPERATING PRINCIPLES O F A SPECTROFLUOROMETER 265 9.2 CORRECTION OF EXCITATION SPECTRA 268 IMAGE 6 X \| CONTENTS 9.3 CORRECTION OF EMISSION SPECTRA 268 9.4 MEASUREMENT O F FLUORESCENCE QUANTUM YIELDS 269 9.5 POSSIBLE ARTIFACTS IN SPECTROFLUOROMETRY 271 9.5.1 INNER FILTER EFFECTS 271 9.5.1.1 EXCITATION INNER FILTER EFFECT 271 9.5.1.2 EMISSION INNER FILTER EFFECT (SELF-ABSORPTION) 272 9.5.1.3 INNER FILTER EFFECTS DUE TO THE PRESENCE O F OTHER SUBSTANCES 274 9.5.2 AUTOFLUORESCENCE 274 9.5.3 POLARIZATION EFFECTS 275 9.5.4 EFFECT O F OXYGEN 275 9.5.5 PHOTOBLEACHING EFFECT 276 9.6 MEASUREMENT O F STEADY-STATE EMISSION ANISOTROPY: POLARIZATION SPECTRA 277 9.6.1 PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT 277 9.6.2 POSSIBLE ARTIFACTS 279 9.6.3 TESTS PRIOR TO FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS 279 APPENDIX 9.A ELIMINATION O F POLARIZATION EFFECTS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY 281 BIBLIOGRAPHY 283 10 TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUES 285 10.1 BASIC EQUATIONS OF PULSE AND PHASE-MODULATION FLUORIMETRIES 286 10.1.1 PULSE FLUORIMETRY 286 10.1.2 PHASE-MODULATION FLUORIMETRY 286 10.1.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HARMONIC RESPONSE AND 8-PULSE RESPONSE 287 10.1.4 GENERAL RELATIONS FOR SINGLE EXPONENTIAL AND MULTIEXPONENTIAL DECAYS 290 10.2 PULSE FLUORIMETRY 292 10.2.1 LIGHT SOURCES 292 10.2.2 SINGLE-PHOTON TIMING TECHNIQUE (10 PS-500 US) 292 10.2.3 STREAK CAMERA (IPS-LONS) 294 10.2.4 FLUORESCENCE UPCONVERSION (0.1-500PS) 295 10.2.5 OPTICAL KERR-GATING (0.1-500PS) 297 10.3 PHASE-MODULATION FLUORIMETRY 298 10.3.1 INTRODUCTION 298 10.3.2 PHASE FLUORIMETERS USING A CONTINUOUS LIGHT SOURCE AND AN ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATOR 300 10.3.3 PHASE FLUORIMETERS USING THE HARMONIC CONTENT O F A PULSED LASER 302 10.4 ARTIFACTS IN TIME-RESOLVED FLUORIMETRY 302 10.4.1 INNER FILTER EFFECTS 302 10.4.2 DEPENDENCE O F THE INSTRUMENT RESPONSE ON WAVELENGTH-COLOR EFFECT 304 IMAGE 7 CONTENTS \| X I 10.4.3 POLARIZATION EFFECTS 304 10.4.4 EFFECTS O F LIGHT SCATTERING 304 10.5 DATA ANALYSIS 305 10.5.1 PULSE FLUORIMETRY 305 10.5.2 PHASE-MODULATION FLUORIMETRY 306 10.5.3 JUDGING THE QUALITY O F THE FIT 306 10.5.4 GLOBAL ANALYSIS 307 10.5.5 FLUORESCENCE DECAYS WITH UNDERLYING DISTRIBUTIONS O F DECAY TIMES 308 10.6 LIFETIME STANDARDS 312 10.7 TIME-RESOLVED POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS 314 10.7.1 GENERAL EQUATIONS FOR TIME-DEPENDENT ANISOTROPY AND POLARIZED COMPONENTS 314 10.7.2 PULSE FLUORIMETRY 315 10.7.3 PHASE-MODULATION FLUORIMETRY 317 10.7.4 REFERENCE COMPOUNDS FOR TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENTS 318 10.8 TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA 318 10.9 LIFETIME-BASED DECOMPOSITION O F SPECTRA 318 10.10 COMPARISON BETWEEN SINGLE-PHOTON TIMING FLUORIMETRY AND PHASE-MODULATION FLUORIMETRY 322 BIBLIOGRAPHY 323 11 FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY 327 11.1 WIDE-FIELD (CONVENTIONAL), CONFOCAL, AND TWO-PHOTON FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPIES 328 11.1.1 WIDE-FIELD (CONVENTIONAL) FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY 328 11.1.2 CONFOCAL FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY 329 11.1.3 TWO-PHOTON EXCITATION FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY 331 11.1.4 FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS IN MICROSCOPY 333 11.2 SUPER-RESOLUTION (SUBDIFFRACTION) TECHNIQUES 333 11.2.1 SCANNING NEAR-FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY (SNOM) 333 11.2.2 FAR-FIELD TECHNIQUES 337 11.3 FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME IMAGING MICROSCOPY (FLIM) 340 11.3.1 TIME-DOMAIN FLIM 341 11.3.2 FREQUENCY-DOMAIN FLIM 342 11.4 APPLICATIONS 342 BIBLIOGRAPHY 346 12 FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY AND SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY 349 12.1 FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY (FCS) 349 12.1.1 CONCEPTUAL BASIS AND INSTRUMENTATION 350 12.1.2 DETERMINATION O F TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS 355 IMAGE 8 X I I I CONTENTS 12.1.3 CHEMICAL KINETIC STUDIES 356 12.1.4 DETERMINATION OF ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS 359 12.1.5 CROSS-CORRELATION METHODS 360 12.2 SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY 360 12.2.1 GENERAL REMARKS 360 12.2.2 SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION IN FLOWING SOLUTIONS 361 12.2.3 SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION USING FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES 363 12.2.4 SINGLE-MOLECULE AND SINGLE-PARTICLE PHOTOPHYSICS 367 12.2.5 APPLICATIONS AND USEFULNESS O F SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE 371 BIBLIOGRAPHY 372 PART III APPLICATIONS 377 13 EVALUATION OF LOCAL PHYSICAL PARAMETERS BY MEANS OF FLUORESCENT PROBES 379 13.1 FLUORESCENT PROBES FOR POLARITY 379 13.1.1 EXAMPLES O F PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE TRANSFER (PCT) PROBES FOR POLARITY 380 13.1.2 PYRENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES 384 13.2 ESTIMATION OF MICROVISCOSITY, FLUIDITY, AND MOLECULAR MOBILITY 384 13.2.1 VARIOUS METHODS 385 13.2.2 USE OF MOLECULAR ROTORS 386 13.2.3 METHODS BASED ON INTERMOLECULAR QUENCHING OR INTERMOLECULAR EXCIMER FORMATION 389 13.2.4 METHODS BASED ON INTRAMOLECULAR EXCIMER FORMATION 390 13.2.5 FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION METHOD 393 13.2.5.1 CHOICE O F PROBES 393 13.2.5.2 HOMOGENEOUS ISOTROPIC MEDIA 393 13.2.5.3 ORDERED SYSTEMS 395 13.2.5.4 PRACTICAL ASPECTS 395 13.2.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 397 13.3 TEMPERATURE 398 13.4 PRESSURE 402 BIBLIOGRAPHY 404 14 CHEMICAL SENSING VIA FLUORESCENCE 409 14.1 INTRODUCTION 409 14.2 VARIOUS APPROACHES O F FLUORESCENCE SENSING 410 14.3 FLUORESCENT P H INDICATORS 412 14.3.1 PRINCIPLES 412 14.3.2 THE MAIN FLUORESCENT PH INDICATORS 417 14.3.2.1 COUMARINS 417 IMAGE 9 CONTENTS X I I I 14.3.2.2 PYRANINE 417 14.3.2.3 FLUORESCEIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES 419 14.3.2.4 SNARF AND SNAFL 419 14.3.2.5 PH INDICATORS BASED ON PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER (PET) 420 14.4 DESIGN PRINCIPLES O F FLUORESCENT MOLECULAR SENSORS BASED ON ION OR MOLECULE RECOGNITION 420 14.4.1 GENERAL ASPECTS 420 14.4.2 RECOGNITION UNITS AND TOPOLOGY 422 14.4.3 PHOTOPHYSICAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 424 14.4.3.1 PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER (PET) 424 14.4.3.2 PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE TRANSFER (PCT) 425 14.4.3.3 EXCIMER FORMATION OR DISAPPEARANCE 427 14.4.3.4 FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER (FRET) 427 14.5 FLUORESCENT MOLECULAR SENSORS O F METAL IONS 427 14.5.1 GENERAL ASPECTS 427 14.5.2 FLUORESCENT PET CATION SENSORS 430 14.5.3 FLUORESCENT PCT CATION SENSORS 430 14.5.4 EXCIMER-BASED CATION SENSORS 430 14.5.5 CATION SENSORS BASED ON FRET 430 14.5.6 HYDROXYQUINOLINE-BASED CATION SENSORS 432 14.5.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS ON CATION SENSORS 435 14.6 FLUORESCENT MOLECULAR SENSORS O F ANIONS 436 14.6.1 ANION SENSORS BASED ON COLLISIONAL QUENCHING 437 14.6.2 ANION SENSORS BASED ON FLUORESCENCE CHANGES UPON ANION BINDING 437 14.6.2.1 UREA AND THIOUREA GROUPS 438 14.6.2.2 PYRROLE GROUPS 439 14.6.2.3 POLYAZAALKANES 440 14.6.2.4 IMIDAZOLIUM GROUPS 443 14.6.2.5 ANION BINDING BY METAL ION COMPLEXES 443 14.6.3 ANION SENSORS BASED ON THE DISPLACEMENT O F A COMPETITIVE FLUORESCENT ANIONIC MOLECULE 444 14.7 FLUORESCENT MOLECULAR SENSORS OF NEUTRAL MOLECULES 445 14.7.1 CYCLODEXTRIN-BASED FLUORESCENT SENSORS 446 14.7.2 BORONIC ACID-BASED FLUORESCENT SENSORS 449 14.7.3 PORPHYRIN-BASED FLUORESCENT SENSORS 452 14.8 FLUORESCENCE SENSING O F GASES 453 14.8.1 OXYGEN 453 14.8.2 CARBON DIOXIDE 456 14.8.3 NITRIC OXIDE 456 14.8.4 EXPLOSIVES 456 14.9 SENSING DEVICES 458 14.10 REMOTE SENSING BY FLUORESCENCE LIDAR 460 IMAGE 10 X I V \| CONTENTS 14.10.1 VEGETATION MONITORING 461 14.10.2 MARINE MONITORING 462 14.10.3 HISTORIC MONUMENTS 462 APPENDIX 14.A. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTROFLUOROMETRIC PH TITRATIONS 462 SINGLE-WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS 462 DUAL-WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS 463 APPENDIX 14.B. DETERMINATION OF THE STOICHIOMETRY AND STABILITY CONSTANT OF METAL COMPLEXES FROM SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC OR SPECTROFLUOROMETRIC TITRATIONS 465 DEFINITION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS 465 PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON TITRATIONS BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND SPECTROFLUOROMETRY 467 FORMATION OF A 1:1 COMPLEX (SINGLE-WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS) 467 FORMATION O F A 1:1 COMPLEX (DUAL-WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS) 469 FORMATION O F SUCCESSIVE COMPLEXES ML AND M 2 L 470 COOPERATIVITY 471 DETERMINATION O F THE STOICHIOMETRY O F A COMPLEX BY THE METHOD OF CONTINUOUS VARIATIONS (JOB S METHOD) 471 BIBLIOGRAPHY 473 15 AUTOFLUORESCENCE AND FLUORESCENCE LABELING IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 479 15.1 INTRODUCTION 479 15.2 NATURAL (INTRINSIC) CHROMOPHORES AND FLUOROPHORES 480 15.2.1 AMINO ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES 481 15.2.2 COENZYMES 488 15.2.3 CHLOROPHYLLS 490 15.3 FLUORESCENT PROTEINS (FPS) 491 15.4 FLUORESCENT SMALL MOLECULES 493 15.5 QUANTUM DOTS AND OTHER LUMINESCENT NANOPARTICLES 497 15.6 CONCLUSION 501 BIBLIOGRAPHY 502 16 MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS 507 16.1 FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS 507 16.2 FLUORESCENT NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING 508 16.3 FOOD SCIENCE 511 16.4 FORENSICS 513 16.5 COUNTERFEIT DETECTION 514 16.6 FLUORESCENCE IN ART 515 BIBLIOGRAPHY 518 APPENDIX: CHARACTERISTICS O F FLUORESCENT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 521 EPILOGUE 551 INDEX 553
any_adam_object	1
author	Valeur, Bernard Berberan-Santos, Mário Nuno
author_facet	Valeur, Bernard Berberan-Santos, Mário Nuno
author_role	aut aut
author_sort	Valeur, Bernard
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dewey-tens	540 - Chemistry and allied sciences
discipline	Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Biologie
edition	2. ed.
format	Book
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id	DE-604.BV040140453
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-12-20T16:09:02Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9783527328376 9783527328468 9783527650033
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024997404
oclc_num	794259100
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-188 DE-20 DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-634 DE-29T DE-29 DE-92 DE-861
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physical	XXI, 569 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
publishDate	2012
publishDateSearch	2012
publishDateSort	2012
publisher	Wiley-VCH
record_format	marc
spellingShingle	Valeur, Bernard Berberan-Santos, Mário Nuno Molecular fluorescence principles and applications Fluoreszenzspektroskopie (DE-588)4017701-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4017701-4
title	Molecular fluorescence principles and applications
title_auth	Molecular fluorescence principles and applications
title_exact_search	Molecular fluorescence principles and applications
title_full	Molecular fluorescence principles and applications Bernard Valeur and Mário Nuno Berberan-Santos
title_fullStr	Molecular fluorescence principles and applications Bernard Valeur and Mário Nuno Berberan-Santos
title_full_unstemmed	Molecular fluorescence principles and applications Bernard Valeur and Mário Nuno Berberan-Santos
title_short	Molecular fluorescence
title_sort	molecular fluorescence principles and applications
title_sub	principles and applications
topic	Fluoreszenzspektroskopie (DE-588)4017701-4 gnd
topic_facet	Fluoreszenzspektroskopie
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024997404&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT valeurbernard molecularfluorescenceprinciplesandapplications AT berberansantosmarionuno molecularfluorescenceprinciplesandapplications

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