Od narodzin "Solidarności" do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej: przemiany społeczno-polityczne w województwie olsztyńskim (1980 - 1989)
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polnisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Olsztyn
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego
2011
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024990926&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024990926&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: From the birth of the "Solidarity" movement to the Third Republic of Poland |
| Umfang: | 546, [1] s. err. 24 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788372997470 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819362437249368064 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis treści
Wstęp
.
Rozdział
1
SZESNAŚCIE MIESIĘCY „SOLIDARNOŚCF
(1980-1981)
1.
Województwo olsztyńskie
..................................................................................... 19
2.
Zanim wybuchła „Solidarność
............................................................................. 23
3.
Strajki robotnicze
1980
roku
................................................................................ 31
4.
Narodziny „Solidarności i sytuacja w ruchu związkowym
................................ 44
5.
Pierwsze konflikty
................................................................................................ 62
a. Żądania płacowe i spór o wolne soboty
.......................................................... 62
b. Sprawa Wojnowskiego
..................................................................................... 66
с
Strajk w Wyższej Szkole Pedagogicznej
......................................................... 77
6.
Problem „Solidarności Wiejskiej
......................................................................... 91
7.
Kryzys bydgoski
.................................................................................................... 96
8.
Kościół warmiński
................................................................................................. 102
9.
Kryzys tożsamości PZPR
...................................................................................... 119
10.
Gorące lato
1981
roku
..........................................................................................131
a. I Walne Zebranie Delegatów Regionu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego
................. 131
b. Marsz „głodowy
.............................................................................................. 134
с
Strajk w Olsztyńskich Zakładach Graficznych
.............................................. 144
d. I Krajowy Zjazd Delegatów NSZZ „Solidarność
........................................... 166
11.
Ostatnie tygodnie
.................................................................................................. 173
a. Narastanie kryzysu
......................................................................................... 173
b. Strajki studenckie
........................................................................................... 176
с
Front Porozumienia Narodowego
................................................................... 185
d. W stronę konfrontacji
...................................................................................... 189
Rozdział
2
STAN WOJENNY
(1981-1983)
1.
Wprowadzenie stanu wojennego i jego skutki
.................................................... 199
2.
Internowani
...........................................................................................................209
3.
Opór społeczny i represje
......................................................................................219
4.
PZPR w warunkach stanu wojennego
.................................................................250
5.
Kościół wobec stanu wojennego
...........................................................................270
6.
Weryfikacja dziennikarzy
.....................................................................................290
7.
Środowisko kultury
...............................................................................................299
8.
Olsztyńskie środowisko akademickie i naukowe
................................................304
9.
Propagandowy rytuał świąt państwowych i rocznic
...........................................324
10.
„Wojenna rzeczywistość
....................................................................................... 340
11.
Delegalizacja „Solidarności i utworzenie nowych związków zawodowych
.......345
12.
OKON-PRON
........................................................................................................364
Rozdział
3
STAN „POWOJENNY I KONIEC SYSTEMU
(1983-1989)
1.
Sytuacja w PZPR
.................................................................................................... 387
2.
Wybory do rad narodowych
1984
roku
..................................................................392
3.
Wybory do Sejmu
1985
roku
.................................................................................. 400
4.
Śmierć Marcina Antonowicza
................................................................................. 408
5.
„Normalizacja
........................................................................................................ 421
7.
Rola Kościoła
...........................................................................................................432
8.
Przegrane referendum
............................................................................................444
9.
Rok
1989 -
narodziny wolności
..............................................................................450
Zakończenie
..................................................................................................................499
Summary
......................................................................................................................503
Wykaz ważniejszych skrótów
......................................................................................507
Bibliografia
.................................................................................................................. 511
Spis tabel
......................................................................................................................528
Indeks osobowy
............................................................................................................529
Summary
From the Brith of the Solidarity Movement
to the Third Republic of Poland.
Social and Political Changes in the
Olsztyn
Voivodeship
(1980-1989)
The book analyzes social and political changes that took place in the
Olsztyn
voivodeship in
1980-1989.
In the discussed period, it was the lar¬
gest Polish voivodeship with a predominantly agricultural character, a large
number of State-owned farms, few industrial plants and infrequent urban
areas. The author discusses the diverse cultural, religious and ethnic back¬
ground of the communities that had settled in the former East Prussia after
World War II. Although those groups co-inhabited the
Olsztyn
region for
decades, they did not develop strong social bonds or a powerful sense of
regional identity. Those factors undoubtedly contributed to the preservation
of conservative social attitudes in the region.
At the beginning of the
1980s,
the people of
Olsztyn
voivodeship beca¬
me increasingly aware of the severity of social and economic problems
plaguing the country, and they recognized the need for systemic change in
a communist-ruled Poland. In August and September
1980,
a series of
spontaneous strikes broke out throughout the country, including in the
Olsztyn
region, where those events took place on a smaller scale than in
more industrialized parts of Poland. The establishment of the Solidarity
movement strongly affected social attitudes in the
Olsztyn
voivodeship, and
the concept of independent and self-governing trade unions caught on with
the local population from the very start. More than
150,000
locals joined
Solidarity in the first few months after the movement had been created.
The main driving force behind the transformations that took place in
the region in the early
1980s
were relatively young people, aged
25
to
39,
who were employees of the largest industrial plants in the
Olsztyn
voivo¬
deship. Rural inhabitants were less supportive of the change process, altho¬
ugh the Rural Solidarity movement had been created in less developed
areas of the region. The events of August
1980
also mobilized other social
503
and occupational groups, including health care employees, scientists, re¬
searchers, teachers and university students.
As a mass movement, Solidarity was not a monolithic structure, and
there was a clash of different beliefs and ideas within the organization.
Formally a trade union, Solidarity became a social movement that gave
a new voice to Polish citizens who had decided to disobey the communist
authorities. The majority of strikes launched by the movement initially
received massive social support, but due to increasing hardships of daily
life, that support gradually dwindled. The communist authorities were
consciously hoping to debilitate the citizens and discourage them from
putting up any resistance. In an attempt to preserve its monopoly power, the
communist government decided that this was the best moment to declare
Martial Law in Poland.
A wave of mass persecutions began on
13
December
1981.
Thousands
of people were detained. Solidarity activists were discharged from work and
left without any means of subsistence. Faced with no prospects for a better
future, many of them decided to emigrate. Members of other professional
groups, such as journalists, academic teachers and artists, were also placed
under political scrutiny. Despite state persecution, social resistance move¬
ments initially attracted widespread support. This changed over time as
most people simply adjusted to the new, bleak reality.
The Catholic Church supported the Solidarity movement from the be¬
ginning of its existence, and it played a very important role in the resistan¬
ce process. Solidarity strongly emphasized its respect for national and re¬
ligious symbols, and it accentuated the role that John Paul II, the Polish
Pope, had played in the transformation process. The communist authorities
finally lost the decades-long battle for the hearts and minds of the Polish
people. But unwilling to face its ultimate defeat, after
13
December
1981,
the government introduced rigorous policies aiming to control the activities
of the Catholic Church. A broad range of repressions aimed against the
church were introduced under the guise of preserving the secular character
of the state. The Catholic Church played a very important role during the
Marital Law when faith and prayer provided people with a strong reference
point at a time of hardship, and when shrines were the only places where
culture could develop unhindered. The Catholic Church also coordinated
shipments of relief aid from the West.
The communist authorities were keen on exterminating Solidarity from
the beginning of the movement s existence. The Security Service, a political
police unit, played a very important role in that mission. In its operations,
the Security Service placed the greatest emphasis on neutralizing the most
active members of the underground movement, disintegrating the opposi¬
tion, eradicating independent publishing houses and illegal groups. Those
504
measures were somewhat effective, in particular during the Martial Law.
Solidarity was shut down in the fall of
1982,
and social support for the
movement s underground organizations gradually waned. The opposition
practically ceased to exist in the second half of the
1980s.
The social and
political situation in the country changed dramatically only after the events
of
1988-1988.
The scale of those transformations was best illustrated by the
results of parliamentary elections in which the majority of Poles voted for
democracy.
Translated by
Aleksandra Poprawska
|
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| author | Gieszczyński, Witold 19XX- |
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| author_facet | Gieszczyński, Witold 19XX- |
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| author_sort | Gieszczyński, Witold 19XX- |
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| era_facet | Geschichte 1980-1989 |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T16:08:53Z |
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| isbn | 9788372997470 |
| language | Polish |
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| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego |
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| spellingShingle | Gieszczyński, Witold 19XX- Od narodzin "Solidarności" do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej przemiany społeczno-polityczne w województwie olsztyńskim (1980 - 1989) Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4466733-4 |
| title | Od narodzin "Solidarności" do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej przemiany społeczno-polityczne w województwie olsztyńskim (1980 - 1989) |
| title_auth | Od narodzin "Solidarności" do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej przemiany społeczno-polityczne w województwie olsztyńskim (1980 - 1989) |
| title_exact_search | Od narodzin "Solidarności" do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej przemiany społeczno-polityczne w województwie olsztyńskim (1980 - 1989) |
| title_full | Od narodzin "Solidarności" do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej przemiany społeczno-polityczne w województwie olsztyńskim (1980 - 1989) Witold Gieszczyńsk |
| title_fullStr | Od narodzin "Solidarności" do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej przemiany społeczno-polityczne w województwie olsztyńskim (1980 - 1989) Witold Gieszczyńsk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Od narodzin "Solidarności" do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej przemiany społeczno-polityczne w województwie olsztyńskim (1980 - 1989) Witold Gieszczyńsk |
| title_short | Od narodzin "Solidarności" do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_sort | od narodzin solidarnosci do trzeciej rzeczypospolitej przemiany spoleczno polityczne w wojewodztwie olsztynskim 1980 1989 |
| title_sub | przemiany społeczno-polityczne w województwie olsztyńskim (1980 - 1989) |
| topic | Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Politik Woiwodschaft Allenstein |
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