Nauka i kultura muzułmańska i jej wpływ na średniowieczną Europę:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polnisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Wydawnictwo Trio
2010
Collegium Civitas |
| Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024164529&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024164529&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Muslim science and culture and their influence on the medieval Europe |
| Umfang: | 259 s. 24 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788374362351 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819332353847197696 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis
tresei
Wstęp
7
Rozdział pierwszy. Podstawowe cechy cywilizacji muzułmańskiej
11
Filary islamu (arkan al-islam)
25
Szahada- wyznanie wiary
25
Salat
-
modlitwa
25
Saum -
post
27
Hadżdż, czyli pielgrzymka do Mekki
28
Jałmużna
-
zakat
30
Język arabski
31
Prawo muzułmańskie
35
Rozdział drugi. Ruch tłumaczeniowy i edukacja muzułmańska
39
Dziedzictwo nauki greckiej
43
Edukacja muzułmańska
53
Szkoły i wykształcenie w kulturze muzułmańskiej
53
Klasyfikacja nauk
59
Sposób nauczania
60
Nauczyciele
62
Nauczanie u ismailitów
64
Rozdział trzeci. Filozofia
67
Mutazylizm i aszaryzm
72
Początki fakafy
75
Najważniejsi przedstawiciele fakafy
77
Zachodnia filozofia muzułmańska
81
Wpływ Ibn Ruszda na filozofię żydowską
87
Awerroizm łaciński
90
Przekaz filozofii muzułmańskiej do Europy
92
Pierwsza fala ruchu przekładowego
93
Drugi okres tłumaczeń
-
wiek
XIII 97
Wiek
XIV 100
Podsumowanie
102
Rozdział czwarty. Medycyna
105
Początki medycyny muzułmańskiej
108
Rozwój medycyny konwencjonalnej
111
Najważniejsze działy medycyny muzułmańskiej
116
Medycyna niekonwencjonalna
119
Szpitale
121
Spis
tresei
Wpływ medycyny muzułmańskie na średniowieczną Europę
125
Szkoła w
Salerno
127
Inne ośrodki tłumaczeniowe
129
Drugi okres tłumaczeń z arabskiego
130
Rozdział piąty. Alchemia
135
Rozwój alchemii muzułmańskiej
141
Korpus Dżabira
141
Korpus Ar-Raziego
146
Inne muzułmańskie dzieła alchemiczne
147
Alchemia alegoryczna
149
Wpływ alchemii muzułmańskiej na Europę
153
Rozdział szósty. Astronomia
159
Źródła astronomii muzułmańskiej
162
Pierwszy okres astronomii muzułmańskiej
165
Astronomia w
X
i
XI
wieku
171
Astronomia muzułmańska po
XI
wieku
174
Muzułmańska astronomia praktyczna
181
Astrolabia
182
Inne instrumenty astronomiczne
184
Przekaz astronomii muzułmańskiej do łacińskiej Europy
186
Rozdział siódmy. Matematyka
191
Początki matematyki muzułmańskiej
194
Analiza kombinatoryczna, numeryczna i teoria liczb
195
Geometria
199
Trygonometria
202
Przekaz matematyki muzułmańskiej do łacińskiej Europy
204
Optyka
206
Rozdział ósmy. Wybrane aspekty kultury i sztuki
215
Muzułmańska Al-Andalus
219
Handel
223
Architektura i przedmioty użytkowe
228
Tkaniny i dywany
231
Przedmioty metalowe
234
Ceramika i szkło
236
Miniatury
238
Technika
239
Architektura
241
Zakończenie
243
Bibliografia (podstawowa)
247
Summary
251
Indeks osób
253
Summary
The Muslim Science and Culture and Their
Influence on the Medieval Europe
The interest in Islamic culture has peaked in recent decades. However, interac¬
tions between Western and Islamic world has taken place continually since the
Middle Ages, moreover, a considerable part of our heritage is either of Islamic
origin or had been transmitted by Muslims. The present book is an outline of
some aspects of this massive transfer of knowledge and methodology. First, we
present basic information on Muslim religion and its cultural milieu. Then we
sketch common elements of Judaism, Christianity and Islam which facilitated
mutual contacts. We also describe the translation movement which laid founda¬
tions for the development of the classical Arabic-Muslim civilisation, and the
main institutions of Islamic education and science. Basic systems of classification
of knowledge which had been developed within Islamic philosophy are summa¬
rized, too. The first group of subject chapters of the book is devoted to Islamic
philosophy and sciences: mathematics, alchemy, astronomy, medicine, all these
disciplines being literally built upon ancient knowledge. It is well known that
many Greek and Roman works would be lost if not translated by Arabs. The
second part of the book describes Muslim arts and architecture.
The chapter on philosophy focuses first on
kalam
(speculative theology) and
then on falsa} a, the long-lasting current of Muslim philosophy directly influenced
by Greek thought, and is limited to thinkers who were less or more known in the
Scholasticism. The prominent figure in this respect is Ibn Rushd (Averroes), who
initiated both influential thread of Latin Averroism and stimulated the discussion
on the proper understanding of Aristotelian doctrine of the soul. As for medi¬
cine, always closely connected with philosophical concepts of man, we present
first its official (science-based) version, deriving from the Greco-Roman heri¬
tage. Then we outline other forms of healing, some of which are still used. Apart
from occult practices (alchemy, astrology), often combined with the conven¬
tional cures, Muslims developed tibb al-nabawi (the Prophet medicine), based
on remarks scattered in the Qur an and Hadith. It has been basically faith and
252
Summary
prayer healing combined with herbal therapy, often enriched with folk customs
and prejudices. An important aspect of medieval Islamic medicine was its insti¬
tutional structure including hospitals, and the system of training and supervision
of physicians. Worth mentioning is a progressive system of psychiatric care, and
the beginnings of out-patients clinics. A separate chapter is devoted to alchemy
which was an important discipline itself, ranging from magic through philosophi¬
cal and proto-scientific concepts of matter (Gabir s sulphur-mercury theory of
metals) to experimental chemistry including drug research and mineralogy.
Islamic astronomy covered many fields: cosmology, theory of planetary, lu¬
nar and solar movements, astrology, astronomical observations (especially those
needed to determine the direction of the Qiblah), instrument construction (as¬
trolabes, quadrants, sundials etc.). Cosmological considerations bordered with
philosophy, especially with the falsafa. Islamic theoretical astronomy soon sur¬
passed the Ptolemaic level of knowledge, however, never embracing heliocen-
trism, although the latter was well known to Muslim astronomers. Like medicine,
it had developed set in an institutional framework including a network of obser¬
vatories. As complicated calculations were often necessary, astronomy was clo¬
sely connected with research in spherical geometry and construction of tables.
Muslim mathematicians worked both in the pure and the applied domain. They
mostly contributed to algebra (an Arabic term itself), geometry, trigonometry
and cryptography.
The last chapter includes examples of Muslim arts and architecture which
had inspired European artists. Artifacts produced in Muslim lands were impor¬
ted, many European workshops imitated Oriental patterns. We also devoted
some attention to literary influences, especially those taking place in Spain.
We concentrate on the classical period of Islam, omitting both later develop¬
ments and many detailed problems. The level of presentation is thus fairly intro¬
ductory, aimed at persons entering Oriental studies. Interested readers should
consult specialist monographs, especially 3-volume Encyclopedia of the History of
the Arabic Science edited by R. Rashed and R.
Moreion,
containing a comprehen¬
sive bibliography. Our book includes also an index of Arabic terms.
|
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| id | DE-604.BV039146627 |
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| isbn | 9788374362351 |
| language | Polish |
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| physical | 259 s. 24 cm. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
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| publisher | Wydawnictwo Trio Collegium Civitas |
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| spellingShingle | Pachniak, Katarzyna ca. 20./21. Jh Nauka i kultura muzułmańska i jej wpływ na średniowieczną Europę Einfluss (DE-588)4151276-5 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Wissenschaft (DE-588)4066562-8 gnd Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4151276-5 (DE-588)4125698-0 (DE-588)4066562-8 (DE-588)4040921-1 (DE-588)4015701-5 |
| title | Nauka i kultura muzułmańska i jej wpływ na średniowieczną Europę |
| title_auth | Nauka i kultura muzułmańska i jej wpływ na średniowieczną Europę |
| title_exact_search | Nauka i kultura muzułmańska i jej wpływ na średniowieczną Europę |
| title_full | Nauka i kultura muzułmańska i jej wpływ na średniowieczną Europę Katarzyna Pachniak |
| title_fullStr | Nauka i kultura muzułmańska i jej wpływ na średniowieczną Europę Katarzyna Pachniak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nauka i kultura muzułmańska i jej wpływ na średniowieczną Europę Katarzyna Pachniak |
| title_short | Nauka i kultura muzułmańska i jej wpływ na średniowieczną Europę |
| title_sort | nauka i kultura muzulmanska i jej wplyw na sredniowieczna europe |
| topic | Einfluss (DE-588)4151276-5 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Wissenschaft (DE-588)4066562-8 gnd Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Einfluss Kultur Wissenschaft Muslim Europa |
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