Painted altar frontals of Norway , 1250 - 1350: 2 Materials and technique
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Archetype
2004
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=023953378&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XX, 353 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 1873132492 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819312015119745024 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IX
ABOUT THIS BOOK AND ITS AUTHOR IX
THE WORK AND ITS PARTICIPANTS IX
PERSONAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS X
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS XII
INTRODUCTION XIII
THEFRONTALS: A MATERIAL RESOURCE XIII
MEDIA ANALYSES: METHODS AND INTERPRETATIONS RE-EXAMINED XIII
PARTS L-III OF THIS BOOK XIV
CONDITION OF THE PANELS XIV
FINAL REMARKS XVII
LOCATION OF THE FRONTALS XX
PART I SUPPORT: MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION INTRODUCTION 1
1 MATERIALS 2
1.1 EXTERNAL MEASUREMENTS 2
1.1.1 HEIGHT 2
1.1.2 WIDTH 2
1.1.3 PROPORTION OF WIDTH TO HEIGHT 2
1.1.4 LEGS 2
1.2 BOARDS 3
1.2.1 NUMBER AND DIMENSIONS 3
1.2.2 SPECIES OF WOOD 3
1.2.3 CONVERTING LOGS INTO BOARDS AND BATTENS 4
1.2.4 FINAL TRIMMING AND SHAPING OF THE ASSEMBLED PANEL 5
1.2.5 LOG SIZE, GROWTH AND DENDROCHRONOLOGY 5
1.2.6 PITH SIDE, BARK SIDE AND WARP OF TANGENTIAL PINE BOARDS 8
1.3 FRAMES 9
1.3.1 MOULDINGS 9
1.3.2 DIMENSIONS 10
1.4 CROSS-BATTENS 10
1.4.1 DIMENSIONS AND SHAPE 10
1.4.2 NUMBER OF CROSS-BATTENS 10
2 CONSTRUCTION 11
2.1 FRAME AND CROSS BATTENS 11
2.1.1 LEGS 11
2.1.2 CROSS-BATTENS 12
2.2 PEGS, TREENAILS AND IRON NAILS 12
2.2.1 AUGERS 12
2.2.2 NAILS IN PINE PANELS 13
IMAGE 2
PAINTED ALTAR FRONTALS OF NORWAY 1250-1350. II. MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUE
2.2.3 PEGS AND NAILS IN OAK PANELS 13
2.2.4 IRON NAILS, RIVETS AND CRAMPS 15
2.3 JOINING METHODS 15
2.3.1 CORNER JOINS OF THE FRAMEWORK 15
2.3.2 DOWELS AND THE EDGE JOINING OF HOARDS 16
2.3.3 FILLING IN OPEN GAPS BETWEEN THE WOOD COMPONENTS 17
2.3.4 SLANTING HOLES 17
2.3.5 CANVAS AND PARCHMENT 17
2.3.6 TIN PLATELETS 18
3 SUMMARY 19
3.1 THE CONSTRUCTION 19
3.2 COMMENTS 20
3.2.1 SIZE AND PLACEMENT 20
3.2.2 SPECIES OF WOOD 21
3.2.3 PITH AND BARK SIDE 21
3.2.4 TYPICAL FEATURES OF EARLIER VERSUS LATER PANELS 22
3.2.5 THREE PANELS WITH CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES 22
4 CUMULATIVE TABLES 23
PART II PAINT: MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUE INTRODUCTION 35
1 GROUND 36
1.1 MATERIALS 36
1.2 THICKNESS 37
1.3 X-RADIOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE 37
1.4 AGE CRACKS 39
2 PICTORIAL LAYERS 40
2.1 UNDERDRAWING 40
2.2 INCISED DRAWINGS 40
2.3 ISOLATION LAYERS I AND II 44
2.3.1 ISOLATION LAYER I 44
2.3.2 ISOLATION LAYER II 44
2.4 WATER SILVERING AND IMITATION GOLD 44
2.5 INCISED PATTERNS IN THE IMITATION-GOLD BACKGROUND 46
2.6 PIGMENTS 51
2.6.1 RANGE OF PIGMENTS 51
2.6.2 PIGMENT COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTION 51
2.6.3 PIGMENTS AND TRADE 55
2.6.4 PRICES OF 15TH-CENTURY COLOURING MATERIALS DOCUMENTED IN ICELAND
57
2.7 BINDING MEDIA 60
2.8 VARNISH 61
2.9 ORNAMENTS IN SILVER AND GOLD LEAF 61
3 PAINTING TECHNIQUE 63
3.1 COLOURS AND PIGMENTS 63
3.1.1 COMPOSITION AND RANGE OF COLOURS 63
3.1.2 VIOLET COLOURS: MIXED 67
3.1.3 BLUE COLOURS 68
3.1.4 GREEN COLOURS 72
3.1.5 YELLOW COLOURS 75
3.1.6 YELLOWISH-RED COLOURS 76
3.1.7 RED COLOURS 80
3.1.8 BROWNISH-RED COLOURS 84
3.1.9 BROWN COLOURS 84
VI
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
3.1.10 BLACK, GREY AND WHITE COLOURS 85
3.1.11 METALS 87
3.2 DISCOLORATION 87
3.2.1 CHANGES DUE TO THE DISCOLORATION OF THE MEDIUM 87
3.2.2 CHANGES DUE TO THE DISCOLORATION OF THE COLOURING MATERIALS 89
3.2.3 METHODS TO PREVENT COLOUR CHANGE 90
3.3 LAYERED STRUCTURES 90
3.4 FORM, VOLUME AND COLOUR GRADING 91
3.4.1 PRINCIPAL MODELLING METHODS 91
3.4.2 DELINEATION IN BLACK 91
3.4.3 LIGHT-SHADE MODELLING: COLOUR GRADING 92
3.5 PICTORIAL ELEMENTS AND THEIR COLOUR 97
3.5.7 FRAME 97
3.5.2 BACKGROUNDS, TOWNSCAPES, ARCHES AND FRAME RIBBONS 100
3.5.3 NOTABLE FEATURES OF FRAMES, BACKGROUNDS, ARCHES AND FRAME RIBBONS
106 3.5.4 GARMENTS AND HALOES 106
3.5.5 NOTABLE FEATURES: GARMENTS, LININGS, HEMLINES AND FUR LININGS,
HALOES AND LANDSCAPE 109 3.5.6 HEADGEAR, LEG AND FOOT WEAR, GLOVES,
WHITE CLOTH 113
3.5.7 METAL, STONE AND WOOD 113
3.5.8 LANDSCAPE/EARTH FORMATION AND ANIMALS 114
3.5.9 BOOKS, OPENINGS AND MULTICOLOURED AREAS 117
3.6 FLESH, FACE AND HAIR 120
3.6.1 FLESH COLOUR AND TYPE OF FIGURE 121
3.6.2 MODELLING OF THE VOLUMES 121
3.6.3 FEATURES 121
3.6.4 HAIR 129
4 SUMMARY 130
PART III ANALYSES: COLOURING MATERIALS AND BINDING MEDIA INTRODUCTION
137
1 COLOURING MATERIALS 138
1.1 THE PALETTE 138
1.2 METHODS OF ANALYSIS 138
1.2.1 MICROCHEMICAL TESTS 138
1.2.2 SEM-EDX ANALYSES 140
1.2.3 XRD ANALYSES 140
1.2.4 A SURVEY ON PIGMENT IDENTIFICATION AND THE ANALYTICAL METHODS
APPLIED 141 1.3 COLOURING MATERIALS, THEIR USE, CHARACTERISTICS AND
IDENTIFICATION 141
1.3.1 AZURITE (2CUCO { CU(OH) 2 ) 141
1.3.2 ULTRAMARINE: MAINLY THE MINERAL LAZURITE EXTRACTED FROM LAPIS
LAZULI ( N ^ L( A L 6 SI 6 O 2 AJ 142
1.3.3 INDIGO (C 16 H W O 2 N 2 ) 143
1.3.4 GREEN COPPER PIGMENTS 143
1.3.5 ORPIMENT(AS 2 S 3 ) 145
1.3.6 RAW SIENNA: MAINLY HYDRATED IRON OXIDES 146
1.3.7 RESINOUS GLAZE 147
1.3.8 RED LEAD (PBP 4 ) 147
1.3.9 VERMILION (HGS) 148
1.3.10 RED LAKE: ORGANIC COLORANTS ATTACHED TO A SUBSTRATE 148
1.3.11 RED IRON OXIDE (FE 2 O 3 ) 149
1.3.12 CHARCOAL BLACK 150
1.3.13 LEAD WHITE (2PBCO { PB(OH) 2 ) 150
1.3.14 CHALK (CACO 3 ) AND BONE WHITE (CA/PO 4 ) 2 ) 151
1.3.15 METALS: SILVER, TIN AND GOLD 151
1.4 CHALK ANALYSES (BY UNN PLAHTER AND KATHARINA VON SALIS) 152
1.4.1 GEOLOGICAL AGE AND PROVENANCE 152
1.4.2 RESULTS FROM THE ANALYSES OF THE FRONTALS 152
VII
IMAGE 4
PAINTED ALTAR FRONTALS OF NORWAY 1250-1350. II. MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUE
1.4.3 COMMENTS 154
1.5 LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF LEAD-BASED PIGMENTS (BY SOPHIE STOS) 154
1.5.1 INTRODUCTION 154
1.5.2 PRINCIPLES AND AIMS OF LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES 154
1.5.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION AND MEASUREMENTS OF LEAD ISOTOPE RATIOS 156
1.5.4 LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF LEAD-BASED PIGMENTS 156
7.5.5 LEAD DEPOSITS IN THE OLD WORLD 157
1.5.6 LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF LEAD-BASED PIGMENTS FROM SCANDINAVIAN
MEDIEVAL ART: COMPARISON OF THE NEW OXFORD DATA WITH RESULTS PUBLISHED
BY KEISCH 157 1.5.7 TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSES OF LEAD PIGMENTS 159
2 BINDING MEDIA (BY UNN PLAHTER AND RAYMOND WHITE) 160
2.1 RANGE OF MATERIALS, THEIR CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIOUR 160
2.1.1 AQUEOUS MEDIA 160
2.7.2 DRYING OILS 161
2.1.3 PINE RESIN 162
2.2 REFRACTION AND TRANSLUCENCY OF PAINT 163
2.3 EARLY OIL TECHNIQUE 164
2.4 SOME RECENT ANALYSES OF RELATED MATERIAL 165
2.5 ANALYSES 165
2.5.7 METHODS 165
2.5.2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS 168
2.5.3 COLOURS, PIGMENTS AND MEDIA 168
3 SUMMARY 176
3.1 PIGMENTS 176
3.2 BINDING MEDIA 177
3.3 THE HEDDAL FRONTAL 177
PART IV DISCUSSION 183
1 GENERAL REMARKS 184
2 THEFRONTALS 185
2.1 SUPPORT AND PREPARATION LAYERS 185
2.7./ GENERAL AND PARTICULAR FEATURES 185
2.7.2 THE CARPENTER AND THE PAINTER 187
2.2 PAINTING MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUE 187
2.2.7 IMPORTED OR LOCAL FEATURES 187
2.2.2 PROPERTIES, TECHNIQUES AND FASHION 188
2.2.3 COLOUR BALANCE, HIERARCHIES AND DISTORTION 188
2.2.4 BINDING MEDIA 191
3 COMPARISONS WITH RELATED MATERIAL 192
3.1 COLOURING MATERIALS AND TYPICAL TRENDS IN THE 12TH, 13TH AND 14TH
CENTURIES 192 3.1.1 NORWEGIAN WORKS OF ART 192
3.1.2 SPANISH FRONTALS 193
3.2 FRONTALS AND TABERNACLES 195
4 STYLE, TECHNIQUE AND WORKSHOP RELATIONSHIPS 200
PART V THE CATALOGUE 205
NOTES 316
BIBLIOGRAPHY 323
INDEX 331
V L LL
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Plahter, Unn 1936- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)132808943 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV038776481 |
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| era | Geschichte 1250-1350 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1250-1350 |
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| geographic | Norwegen (DE-588)4042640-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Norwegen |
| id | DE-604.BV038776481 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T15:46:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1873132492 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-023953378 |
| oclc_num | 315197977 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-255 |
| owner_facet | DE-255 |
| physical | XX, 353 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | Archetype |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Plahter, Unn 1936- Painted altar frontals of Norway , 1250 - 1350 Malerei (DE-588)4037220-0 gnd Maltechnik (DE-588)4125812-5 gnd Malmaterial (DE-588)4168721-8 gnd Altar (DE-588)4001381-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4037220-0 (DE-588)4125812-5 (DE-588)4168721-8 (DE-588)4001381-9 (DE-588)4042640-3 |
| title | Painted altar frontals of Norway , 1250 - 1350 |
| title_auth | Painted altar frontals of Norway , 1250 - 1350 |
| title_exact_search | Painted altar frontals of Norway , 1250 - 1350 |
| title_full | Painted altar frontals of Norway , 1250 - 1350 2 Materials and technique |
| title_fullStr | Painted altar frontals of Norway , 1250 - 1350 2 Materials and technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Painted altar frontals of Norway , 1250 - 1350 2 Materials and technique |
| title_short | Painted altar frontals of Norway , 1250 - 1350 |
| title_sort | painted altar frontals of norway 1250 1350 materials and technique |
| topic | Malerei (DE-588)4037220-0 gnd Maltechnik (DE-588)4125812-5 gnd Malmaterial (DE-588)4168721-8 gnd Altar (DE-588)4001381-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Malerei Maltechnik Malmaterial Altar Norwegen |
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