Verfügbarkeit: Iš Radvilų giminės istorijos | Technische Universität München

Iš Radvilų giminės istorijos: Dubingių kunygaikštystė 1547 - 1808 m. ; mokslinė monografija

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteiligte Personen:	Karvelis, Deimantas 1969- (VerfasserIn), Ragauskienė, Raimonda (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Litauisch
Veröffentlicht:	Vilnius Vilniaus Pedagoginio Univ. Leidykla 2009
Schlagwörter:	Geschichte 1547-1808 Dubingiai
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020449514&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020449514&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Beschreibung:	Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
Umfang:	431 S. Ill., Kt.
ISBN:	9789955204855

Internformat

MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1819336414852022272
adam_text	TURINYS {VADAS ............................................................... 12 I. DUBINGIAI - LIETUVOS DIDŽIOJO KUNIGAIKSCIO VALSČIUSÍIKIXVIA.PR.) .................................... 18 1. DubingixjžeméinuopirmijjijpaminéjimqikiXVa.pr......... 19 2. DubingirçvalsciusXVa.pr. -XVIa.pr. ....................... 22 (Pavietas ar valsciusì Dubingią administravimas. Valdovo avaras Đubingiuose. Pirmoji katalika bažnyčia. Miestelis) II. ANKSTYVASIS „RADVILIŠKASIS DUBINGiy RAIDOS ETAPAS (IKI XVI A. VIDURIO) ...................... 36 1. MikalojausRadvilosDubingiiţvaldaiXVa.pab.-XVIa.pr.) ... 37 2. Radviliškq Dubingiiţ komplekso kùréjo Jurgio Radvilos laikai (prieš 1510-1541 m.) .......................................... 40 8 TURINYS III. DUBINGiy TAPIMAS KUNIGAIKŠTYSTE ................... 50 1. „Tituhţvajus LietuvosDidžiojojeKunigaikštystéje XVI a. pr. ..................................................... 53 2. Radvihţ 1547 m. titulo peripetijos ............................. 59 3. Mikalojaus Radvilos Rudojo ^Dubingii} projektas ............ 68 (M. Radvilos Rudojo dubingiškasis itinerariumas. Dubingią valda Al Radvilos Rudojo valdymo metais. Birža irDubingia šakos kunigaikščia Radvili{ mauzoliejaus kurimas Dubingiuose). IV. VALDOS SAVININKAI - NAUGARDUKO VAIVADOS MIKALOJAUS RADVILOS LINIJOS ATSTOVAI (XVIA.PAB.-XVIIA.PR.) ..................................... 82 1. Dubingiij kunigaikštysté Naugarduko linijos pradininko Mikalojaus Radvilos laikais ................................... 83 2, Kunigaikštysté, neturinti nei vieno miesto. Dubingiai Тгакц kašteliono Jurgio Radvilos laikais iki 1613 m .................. 87 V. DUBINGiy KUNIGAIKŠTYSTÉ 1613-1640 M ................. 92 1. Dubingirç kunigaikštysté XVII a. pr. - Vilniaus kaŠtelíono Jonušo Radvilos indélis ....................................... 93 2. Dubingiiţ kunigaikštysté Вігіц savininko Kristupo II Radvilos (1585-1640 m.) globoje ................. 96 (Kristupo II Radvilos ir jo šeítnos apsilankymai Dubingiuose. Einamieji Dubingią kunigaikUystès räkalai Kristupo II Raávüos laikais. Dubingią kunigaikštysté pirmojo iinomo inventoriaus (1634 т.) duomenimis) VI. DubingiudvarasirvaldaXVII a. viduryje ir antrojoje pusèje ___ 115 1. Dubingii} kunigaikštysté Boguslovo Radvilos laikais (iki 1669m.) ................................................. 116 (LDK arklidininko ir Dubingią savininko Boguslovo Radvilos požiuris Dubingią kunigaikstystę. Dubingią kunigaikŠtystés struktura XVII a. antrojoje pusèje. Dubingią kunigaikštystés ükis Boguslovo Radvilos laikais. „Vokiečia Dubingiai 1661-1669 tn. Radvila skolą J.Jaspersui ir jo palikuomms istorijos atomazga. Dubingią valdos ryšiai su Radvila Vilniaus dvaru B. Radvilos laikais) 2. Dubingiij kunigaikštystés ükis ir gyventojai Liudvikos Karolinos Radvilaités laikais (iki 1695 m.) ........ 145 VII. Dubinghţ kunigaikštysté XVIII a ................................ 165 1. Dubingiu kunigaikštysté XVII a. pab. - XVIII a. pr. - Neuburgo palikimo vingiuose ............................... 167 (Dubingiai Saptegą globoje iki 171S m. Dubingią kunigaiHtysté, globojama LDK didiiojo etmano Liudviko Konstantino Pociejaus) 2. Dubingiij kunigaikštystés savininkai Nesvyziaus ir Olykos ordinata! Radvilos ........................................... 179 (Dubingią kunigaikštysté - pirmojo Nesvyžiaus kunigaikščio Mykolo Kazimiero Radvilos nuosavybè (iki 1762 т.). Dubingią kunigaikštysté XVIII a. antrojoje pusèje: ¡keistos valdos likimas 1762-1808 т.) VIII. Religinè padètis Dubìngiuose XV-XVIII a. Katalikrç ir evangelikij reformatq bažnyčios ................................ 199 1. Ankstyvasis katalikiškas Dubingi^ raidos laikotarpis (XVa.pr.-XVIa-y-asisdes.) ................................ 201 (Pirmosios parapinès Dubingią kataliką bažnyčios padètis. Dubingią katalika bažnyčia Vilniaus kašteliono Jurgio Radvilos laikais. Каіаіікц hažnyčia Dubingiuosepirmaistais Traku vaivados Mikalojaus Radvilos Rudojo valdymo dešitntmečiais) 10 TURINYS 2. Radvilu jsteigtos evangelik^ reformátu bažnyčios Dubingiij kunigaikštystéje istorija (XVIa.antrojipusé-XVIIIa.pr.) ........................... 210 (Evangelika reformata baînycios Dubingiuose istorijospradžia (XVI a. 7-asis dei. - 1613 т.), Dubingią evangelika reformata hainyčia XVII a. pirmojoje puséje - Јопиѓо ir К. II Radvila laikais. Dubingią evangelika reformata bažnyčios vieta tarp kitą Birža ir Dubingią šakos Radvíla bažnyčia XVI a. pah. - XVII a. pr. Evangelika reformata bažnyčia Birža ir Dubingią šakos Radvila valdose XVI a. antrojoje puséje - XVII a. pr. sarasas. Evangelika reformata bažnyčia Dubingiuose Bogusíovo Radvilos laikais (iki 1669 т.). Evangelika reformata bažnyčia Dubingiuose Liudvikos Karolinos Radvílaités laikais. Evangelika reformata bažnyčios Dubingiuose „mirtis (XVIII a. pirmieji dešimtmečiai). 3. Katalikij bažnyčia Dubingiu kunigaikštystéje: nuo kovos su protestantais iki bažnyčios atkűrimo (XVIIa.antrojipusé-XVIIIa.) ............................. 250 (Santykiai tarp evangelika reformata ir kataliką Dubingiuose XVII a. antrojoje puséje. Naujos kataliką bažnyčios Dubingiuose atsiradimas) IX. Biržu irDubinghj šakos Radvìlu giminès pompa j unebťis (XVI a. antroji puse - XVII a. pirmoji puse) ..................... 262 1. LDKbajorijos (bajonţ ir didikiţ) laidojimosi vietos XVI a. antrojoje puséje - XVII a. pirmojoje puséje, árba kodéi buvo kuriamas Radvilu mauzoliejus Dubingiuose? .......................... 264 (Kataliką irstaaatikią bajora laiâojimosi vietos. Kataliką didiką laidojimosi vietos. Staciatikią didiką laidojimosi vietos. Protestanta bajorijos laidojimosi vietos. Protestanta kapinés Vilniuje XVI a. pah.) 2. Biržu ir Dubingiij šakos Radvill} mauzoliejus Dubingiuose: palaidojimai ................................................. 284 (Pirmieji Radvila palaidojimai Dubingiuose. Naują Birža ir Dubingią šakos Radvila kapaviečia atsiradimas XVII a. pr.: Valažinas, Vyžuonos ir Dakudava. Radvila palaidojimai Dubingiuose XVII a. pr. Tolesnis Dubingią mauzoliejaus likimas ir jo paslaptys) 11 3. Radvihţ palaidojimai Vyžuoím ir Kèdainii; bažnydoseXVIIa ............................................ 318 (Radvila kapavieté Vyžuonose XVII a. pirmojojepuséje. Раіаіаортц Vyžuonose padétis XVII a. antrojoje puséje. KunigaikšČia Radvila tnauzoliejus Kédainiuose) X. Išvados ......................................................... 332 XI. Príedai .......................................................... 341 XII. Santrumpos. Šaltiniai ir literatura ............................... 376 XIII. Rodyklès ....................................................... 389 XIV. Summary ....................................................... 418 419 Dubingiai mound; the town and the surroundings are well known for the par¬ ticipants of both past and present history. Since the first reference in XIV century Dubingiai fell into active political events and eventually became the property of the dukes Radvilos and remained rather functional holding of the Radvilos kin in economic and religious sense; in different cases it was also important in the con¬ text of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GOL). In the second half of the XVII cen¬ tury the golden age of the holding went to an end and at the beginning of the XVIII century its development was not different from any other Lithuanian ar¬ eas. That period also noted the beginning of the entrenchment of Dubingiai as a historical object in the historical consciousness of Lithuanian society. When the buildings of Dubingiai churches and palaces were ruined to take the bricks and further holding history narrowed to the history of the village, the romanticised past of the area related to the most famous GDL personalities, first of all, the Lith¬ uanian Grand Duke Gediminas and Radvilos, transferred into the scientific and popular historiography ofthe firsthalf oftheXIX-XXc. The past of Dubingiai was restored to life by the archaeological and architectural research ofthe reformed evangelical church and the ruins ofthe brick palace, which started in 2003 and is still carrying on. During the research, in 2004, the remains ofthe grave were found. According to the hypothetical data it is considered that there could be the graves ofthe magnates Radvilos. In September 2009 in Dubingiai the reburial of XIV. SUMMARY human remains of implied magnates was carried out. That event was especially significant and unique in the context of history; and even more consolidated the image of Radvilos and the Dubingiai grave in modern Lithuania. Summarising the historiography of Dubingiai two clear features such as a lack of publications and narrowness and contingency of problematics maybe no¬ ticed. It appears very clear while comparing with the historiography of the Duchy of Biržai, which belonged to Radvilos and had the same status. The Lithuanian and Polish researchers focused on the latter and it is may be ten times richer if not more. Moreover, the problematics analysed by Biržai history was incomparably wider - from the research of the history of the castle to the daily life of Radvilos in it and the society of the Duchy of Biržai, etc. The works dedicated to Dubingiai are not distinguished neither in the context of the research of the Radvilos hold¬ ing nor local history of Lithuania. The historiography repeats the development of Dubingiai: the significance of the place, glinted as a meteorite, in the end of XV с - the first half of the XVII c, eventually started to diminish. This works refer to the sources kept in the archives or library depositories of four countries such as Lithuania, Poland; Belarus and Russia. The major part is composed of the material of XVI-XVIII с Radvilos archive (beginning with the correspondence of Radvilos and their clients or friends and finishing with the economic documents) available in the Main Archives of Early Acts in Warsaw. The authors of the book started collecting the historical data about the members of Radvilos kin buried in Dubingiai in 2005. The idea to present more detailed study about the development of Radvilos Dubingiai, the input of Radvilos and the burying of the noblemen arose at that time. So in this monograph we will try to broaden the knowledge about the Duchy of Dubingiai, which used to exist and now is a little known, treating it not as a separate autonomie object but also in the context of the owners Radvilos and partially of Lithuanian history. By this 421 research it is tried to discover the early Dubingiai history till it came into Radvilos hands, the changes of its status (from holding to duchy) finding out the influence of getting the duchy status and how this changed the attitude of the holding own¬ ers and the condition of the holding itself. Further there is analysed the history of Dubingiai holding at the beginning of the XVI-XIX с until the Duchy moved to the Counts Tiškevičiai. There is analyzed the economic capacity of Dubingiai holding and the components of the Duchy. The estimation of Radvilos input into the development of the holding became a separate research object. It was tried to present as much integral view of administrative, economic, religious, etc. struc¬ tures of the holding. Chronologically the attention was focused on the develop¬ ment of the holding from the middle of the XVI c. to the middle of the XVII c, and the least attention was paid to the XVIII c, when the holding de jure belonged to the noblemen but defacto it was in the hands of other governors ... The touchable history of the Dubingiai land started in the first half of the XIV century, when a wooden castle appeared and the land was attacked by the Order of the Livonia, and in the chronicle of the Prussian land in 1334 the place- name of Dubingiai was mentioned for the first time. In the earliest period of Du¬ bingiai history (XIV - the beginning of the XVI c.) there could be searched the genesis of the main institutions (castle / manor, church, town) which formed the life of local societies in the later centuries. The available archaeological and his¬ torical researches do not allow localizing the place of the XIV с Dubingiai castle in detail so far. In the XV с the Great Duke of Lithuania Vytautas built Dubingiai Castle in the island of Asveja lake, which was visited by the Duke Jogaila and Ka- zimieras of GDL. Until the end of the XV с Dubingiai was the holding of GDL without the territorial integrity and differently named in the sources. Since then the history of Dubingiai, which was tightly related to Mai iagala holding, admin¬ istration through the officials appointed by the ruler began. During the times of 422 XIV. SUMMARY Alexander Jogailaitis and Žygimantas the Old in Dubingiai the consistent distri¬ bution of fiefs to noblemen and gentlemen started. In the XV с the Great Duke of Lithuania Vytautas built the first wooden Catholic Church the economic basis of which inl449 was strengthened by both the foundation of Kazimieras Jogailaitis and the private provisions of church altanas. The sources of the end of the XV с - the beginning of the XVI c. record Dubingiai as a small town consisting of several tens of dumas. The history of the Radvilos locality started in the middle of the XV c. on the basis of small fief or donation holding of Mikalojus Radvila (died in 1509) in Du¬ bingiai. Dubingiai were not mentioned in the assignments of kin land inheritance of the beginning of the XVI c. and that showed that Dubingiai was rather small holding. The territorial development of the holding and its becoming a residence was influenced by the singleness of aggressive landowning policy of Jurgis Rad¬ vila (died in 1540) creating the integral complex ofholdings by various ways, even prichvatization , in Middle Lithuania as well as by favourable geographical situa¬ tion (nearness of Vilnius, communication lines). During the times ofJ. Radvila in Dubingiai castle (manor) the residential history of the kin started (multifold vis¬ its of the family; the birth of the son M. Radvila the Brown). At the same time the development of administration of Dubingiai holding also started (provision of landowning to nobility; investigation of complaints among noblemen; appoint¬ ment of manors elders). M. Radvila the Brown inherited Dubingiai in 1541 and eventually trans¬ formed it into duchy. Thereby, Dubingiai played a very important role in the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania while one of the dominating kin of the noblemen Radvilos strengthened their social identity among the nobility. Du¬ bingiai together with Biržai became the naming of the duke title of M. Radvila the Brown received from the Rome emperor. In spite of the fact that the titles of 423 dukes, counts, etc. in the legally equal society of the noblemen, especially after the Union of Lublin, was an odd anachronism, it appeared to Dubingiai a very important condition of the development advance -the holding de jure became the duchy. The choice of Dubingiai for M. Radvila s the Brown title was likely caused by the political activity (nearness of the capital city Vilnius), landowning (Du¬ bingiai as growing latifundia) and personal (motherland) aspirations. At the be¬ ginning Radvila the Brown started defacto transform Dubingiai into the duchy. During the period of 1547-1548 he protected his sister Barbora Radvilaité, who was secretly married to Žygimantas Augustas, and her servants for five months in Dubingiai. For a half of a year Dubingiai became an important point of GDL cor¬ respondence communication. Eventually, the foreseen development of Dubingiai in the system of latiŕundias of Radvila the Brown did not justify itself. The mag¬ nate rarely visited Dubingiai, he expanded his holding not buying the neighbour¬ hood areas but he mortgaged and rented the available areas and often changed the visegerents. Small and not growing Grand Duchy at that time consisted of Dubingiai manor and Dubingiai town without a perspective to gain autonomy, small rural districts of Dubingiai and Baranava with villages and small manors mortgaged to small noblemen. About the year 1581-1613 the Grand Duchy was ruled in turn by Mikalojus and Jurgis Radvila, the voivodes of Naugardukas. But at the beginning (till 1597) on behalf of juvenile Jurgis Radvila his uncle Kristupas I Radvila Perkunas (died in 1603) looked after it. The life of the Duchy revived, the mortgaged lands were repurchased from the local noblemen, the lands were expanded into the direction of Bijutiškis and Baranava, Dubingiai manor was involved into economic com¬ munication with other Radvilos manors in ethnic Lithuania. Namely at the end of the XVI с Dubingiai holding started to play an essential economic role in the common system of Radvilos holdings and effectively played it until the end of the XIV. SUMMARY XVII с. - it became the source of supply of timber, fish, other food products, aux¬ iliary labour force and manor supervision force (sending peasants and craftsmen) for Vilnius manors (Vaka, Saltoni kés, Šeškiné). In this holding, differently from other Radvilos holdings, there was not a townish environment, on the contrary, it narrowed: the number of town families decreased, the town did not have the right to organize fairs, except individual inn keepers, the Jewish community failed to form as well. Radvilos Dubingiai was the duchy without a city . In 1613 Dubingiai went to Jonu as Radvila, the son of Trakai castellan Jurgis Radvila (died in 1620). During his frequent trips to Western Europe and after his death, as well as during the young age of his son Boguslavas, the heir of Dubin¬ giai (since 1620), the Duchy was directly more taken care of by Jonu as broth¬ er, GDL (Grand Duchy of Lithuania) field hetman Kristupas II Radvila (died in 1640). Dubingiai revived as a residential place of Radvilas when Jonu as Radvila designed Dubingiai as a potential burial-ground for himself and restored a brick manor house, built a one-tower reformed evangelical church made of brick. In the 3-4 decades of the XVII century, at the time of administration of K. II Radvila the first known inventories of treasury of the Duchy of Dubingiai and Dubingiai manor were made, livestock brought from the manors in North Lithuania were kept more than once, as the farming was disturbed by the war with Swedes in Livonia and its periphery. The manor was visited by K. II Radvila himself, the travelling manors of his wife Ona Kiškaité and his children and also the clien¬ tele of other K. II Radvila holdings as developed clientele system and active social communication was typical to the community of his manors. Economical and administrative contacts of Dubingiai holding and the manors in Vilnius became even more intensive. The manor premises on the lake island were renovated. The efficiency of economic administration of the manor was balanced. The inspectors appointed by Radvila supervised the elder and vice-elder of the holding; revenues 425 of the manor began to match expenses. Economic specialization of the holding was defined (which did not change radically later), when main revenues were col¬ lected from three sources: collecting feudal land rent, lakes and forest property, while stockbreeding was not extensive and oriented towards the consumption de¬ mand of local community. Gradually the Duchy of Dubingiai transformed into real duchy de facto. Boguslovas Radvila; who ruled over Dubingiai until his death in 1669, re¬ garded it as an important symbol of family reputation, therefore attached great importance to the holding. New features of development are noticed during his time in Dubingiai holding. All this time this Radvila used the Duchy of Dubin¬ giai as a temporary deposit as he appointed his manor clientele to whom he owed considerable amount of money administrators and allowed them to get money back at the expense of annual revenues of Dubingiai holding. B. Radvila himself did not visit Dubingiai (except in 1666) and supervised its management by cor¬ responding with the elders of the manor and organizing audits of the Duchy of Dubingiai. In the middle of the XVII century Dubingiai holding did not grow in territory and the levels of its economic capacity became stable. Under the cir¬ cumstances of the efficient administration of the holding and without any natu¬ ral or war cataclysms, the annual revenues of the Duchy had to total 4000 golden coins. It was impossible to raise these revenues in the following events: between 1655 andl66l when the Duchy was impoverished by the marching Russian army and some divisions of the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, constant ma¬ rauding attacks of neighbouring catholic, especially of Vilnius chapter, holdings proprietors and their subordinates, also 1661-1669 situation when Dubingiai was administrated by two corrupt Germans J. Jaspers and V. Veling, who made a convenience of manor stewardship and managed the holding poorly. As a re¬ sult of their administration not only manor revenues were embezzled, natural XIV. SUMMARY resources of the holding were wasted unreasonably, economic documents were forged, but also demographic loss was apparent (peasants fled, noblemen moved to other holdings). The structure of the territory of the Duchy of Dubingiai did not change in the second half of the XVII century; it remained a middle size hold¬ ing (about 200 smokes i.e. farmsteads with fireplaces) with a centre in Dubin¬ giai and Baranava tract in Labanoras forests. Individual folwarks of the Duchy (about a half of the territory of the Duchy of Dubingiai) were rented, deposited or endowed to the noblemen and land owners according to the law of fief. In the 7-Ю decades of the XVII century active economic communication between the manors of Dubingiai and Vilnius continued. It was simplex - from Dubingiai to Vilnius: hiring Dubingiai manor stewards to supervise construction works of Vil¬ nius manor; using labour force of peasants and gardeners; supply of food, wood, timber. During the times of Liudvika Karolina Radvilaité patronage (1669-1695) there were no substantial changes in the life of the society of the Duchy of Du¬ bingiai, even though there were some developments. The position of lake warden was established; effort was made to revive the declining lake property which did not bring usual revenues; in the Lithuanian Tribunal law suits were filed against Vilnius Jesuits in order to establish the boarders of holdings of Radvilaitè s sub¬ ordinates and Jesuits, as well as against the Vicegerent of Inturkè for the attacks of Dubingiai land owners lands; the land owners of the holding started fulfilling hospitality duty to Biržai castle. Attempts to restore the economic enterprise of the Duchy were not successful. In 1686 by order of Radvilaité the general audit and inventory of the holding was performed, the results of which were corrected and revised several times. After L. K. Radvilaitè s death Dubingiai did not go directly to the members of Nesvyzius-Olyka branch of Radvilos family, but was administered by the head 427 steward of Newburgh holding and deposited to various people for more than a quarter of a century. The holding went from hand to hand and what is more, ac¬ cording to the will of Sapiegos and persons they sponsored, individual parts of the Duchy were rented to different people. Because of the absence of the perma¬ nent tenantry, very frequent change of administrators, robberies of marching or dwelling soldiers, plague epidemic, the holding experienced economic recession. Between 1731 and 1741 the issue of ownership of Dubingiai was resolved between Sapiegos and Radvilos of Nesvyžius, when Sapiegos withdrew claims to the New¬ burgh holding. Dubingiai went entirely to the catholic branch of Radvilos family. During the times of Mykolas Kazimieras Radvila patronage the Duchy of Dubin¬ giai was a small holding, consisting from 170 to 230 smokes thus there were a bit more than 1000 inhabitants. The numbers of villages in the holding gradu¬ ally decreased because of their enlargement, only one folwark belonged directly to the manor, other two were rented. The sources of revenue of the holding did not change compared to the 17th century situation. Dubingiai lost its residential holding status, Radvilos (jeronimas Florijonas, Mykolas Kazimieras Zuvelè) did not live there, and formerly influential manor house was desolate and decrepit. In 1762 Dubingiai went to M. K. Radvila s son Karolis Stanislovas, who continued ongoing policy of depositing the holding. Between 1764 and 3768 Dubingiai was ruled by different custodians of the holding of K. S. Radvila, whose manors were confiscated under political consideration. In 1808 Mykolas Tiškevičius bought the Duchy of Dubingiai from K. S. Radvila s son Dominykas Jeronimas. The his¬ tory of Radvilas in Dubingiai ended. The church was an important sociocultural institution which determined the significance of Dubingiai holding to Radvilos and influenced the appearance of the kin grave. In XVI-XVIII с Dubingiai holding had similar features of con¬ fessional development as in the whole Lithuania (establishment of the Catholic XIV- SUMMARY Church during the period of early Christianity in XV c.j appearance of Evan¬ gelical Reformed Church during the period of Reformation in the XVI c; inter- confessional conflicts between local reformists and catholics during the period of confessionalization and counterreformation in the XVII c; decadence of the protestant community in the XVIII c); however, it had some original features not characteristic to other Radvilos holdings of Biržai and Dubingiai branch such as the Duchies of Sluckas and Biržai, Kédainiai holding, etc. The confessional het¬ erogeneity was not characteristic to Dubingiai since there weren t any communi¬ ties of Evangelical Lutherans, Orthodox and Judaists. In the first half of the XV c. the Dubingiai parish was one of 27 parishes of Vilnius bishopric. The localization place of the first church is not clear yet (it was in the town or next to it, or on the island of the lake near Dubingiai castle (?). Dur¬ ing the times of the Catholics Jurgis Radvila and Mikalojus Radvila the Brown (till 7 decade of the XVI c.) the parish had to be very vital because the church had sufficient foundation maintenance basis, several altarias were established un¬ til the middle of the XVI c, the parish was served by the parish priest, vicars, al- taristas, the organ appeared in the church. In the 8 decade of the XVI century (or maybe at the end of the 7 decade (?) M. Radvila the Brown, next to the castle, on the island of the lake, on the hill, built the wooden Evangelical Reformed Church, which at the beginning operated as the church of the manor. Even before appear¬ ance of the brick building in the 3 decade of the XVII с the church had already got the foundation land-ownership of 5 wallaches with 4 peasants villages from Radvilos. In the end of the XVI с and especially in the first half of the XVII с due to the law of Calvinist Radvilos patronage (foundation activity; harmonisation of holding administrative structure with the structure of vieneta districts (Du¬ bingiai belonged to Vilnius district; distribution of land to Evangelicals) and 429 personal relations of the noblemen with Protestantism there were made favour¬ able conditions for Evangelical Reformed Church to entrench and dominate, lhe Dubingiai church was one of 25 Reformed Churches established until the mid¬ dle of the XVII с in Radvilos holdings of Biržai and Dubingiai branch. In 1621 Jonušas Radvila built the brick reformed Church which operated over a century, lhe parochial school functioned next to the school since 1625. The clergy, serv¬ ing in Dubingiai, was closely related to Vilnius Reformed Church from which the visitors, priests and catechists reached Dubingiai. During the times of Boguslavas Radvila and Liudvika Karolina Radvilaité the Reformed Church managed to keep the dominating confessional status in the holding. Even though there were various cataclysms (in 1655 the church was attacked by Russian army; the litigation of several decades with Catholics about the place of the first Catholic Church building; the permanent lack of material resources; direct religious conflicts with local Catholic priests), the manor had always cared about the condition of the church building, the availability of per¬ manent priest in Dubingiai, performance of foundation maintenance, expanded the land-ownership of the parsonage. The elder of the holding and the priest of the Reformed Church were the most important figures in local society, dependent on Radvilos, the jurisdiction of whom was tried to clearly separate by the noblemen. In 1682 the Dubingiai church became the centre of Evangelical Reformists of the whole GDL for a short period of time since there was Vienetos synod. The last sign of vital and strong Reformed community in 1687 was the renewed founda¬ tion to church by L. K. Radvilaité. She ensured the financial maintenance of the church until 1697. During the first three decades of the XVIII с the Reformed community languished: there was not a permanent priest, the manor s rulers Catholics did not give maintenance and the buildings of the church and the par¬ sonage were derelicted and fell down. Moreover, the local Catholic community XIV. SUMMARY strengthened when in 1678-1679 L. K. Radvilaité built a new Dubingiai Catholic Church. The Protestant Dubingiai history was over. Significant aspect of Dubingiai cultural history was its becoming the first grave of common Radvilos kin of Biržai and Dubingiai branch, using the Re¬ formed Church for the mausoleum. Acknowledging the significance of estate and confessional factor for burial traditions in XVI-XVII c. Lithuania, the Radvilos burials in Dubingiai are one of the most authentic examples of Protestant pom- pa funebris tradition. At the beginning of the Reformation, the GDL Lutherans and Calvinists, the churchy organization of which was not still formed and the liturgy was not well-established, the component of which was the burial tradi¬ tion, were buried in Catholic and Orthodox graveyards. Since the middle of the XVI c, when the scheme of Protestant liturgy started to develop and the Catho¬ lics prohibited burying Protestants in their graveyard, the traditions of evangeli¬ cal church graveyard, burial and funeral perpetuation started to form. The first Protestant grave of Radvilos kin was established in Vilnius and chronologically related to the funeral of Elżbieta Šidloviecka, the wife of M. Radvila the Black, in 1562, and the first separate Protestant graveyard in Vilnius suburb could ap¬ pear in 1557. Another graveyard was next to the building of Vilnius Evangelical Church as well as on the parcel of land donated by various dignitors. The archi¬ tect of the Radvilos mausoleum in Dubingiai was M. Radvila the Brown and he was buried there. Until the decade 3 of the XVII c, when the wooden churches transformed into brick churches and the general church crypts were restored, at least 8 members of Radvilos family were buried (6 buried directly, and 2 reburied from Vilnius), including two owners of the Dubingiai Duchy (in 1584 M. Radvila the Brown and in 1621 Jonušas Radvila). After 1628 Radvilos were not buried any more in Dubingiai Church. It should be mentioned that Dubingiai was not only one graveyard of the Calvinist Radvilos family. Various circumstances (wide 431 geographical area of Radvilos holding; significance of local Reformist churches; residential attachment of the noblemen to the exact place; material condition of potential graveyard in the churches; testamentary will; changed confessional de¬ pendence of the church; reality of counterreformation environment) determined that the number of planned and real burial was not short and always changed: Birzai, Dakudava, Vyžuonos, Valažmas, Kaidanava, Kédainiai. It was character¬ istic that the Protestant funerals of the noblemen Radvilos not only showed the social prestige of the kinj but also dinamised the life of local society (visits of vari¬ ous guests at the holding; making offers connected with burial; communicative role of funeral ceremony) and strengthened the confessional identity of evangeli¬ cal society (restoration of churches; pastoral and catechetic service of the Calvin¬ ist clergy; publication of occasional and theological literature).
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author	Karvelis, Deimantas 1969- Ragauskienė, Raimonda
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geographic_facet	Dubingiai
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illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-12-20T14:36:24Z
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language	Lithuanian
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spellingShingle	Karvelis, Deimantas 1969- Ragauskienė, Raimonda Iš Radvilų giminės istorijos Dubingių kunygaikštystė 1547 - 1808 m. ; mokslinė monografija
subject_GND	(DE-588)7819664-4
title	Iš Radvilų giminės istorijos Dubingių kunygaikštystė 1547 - 1808 m. ; mokslinė monografija
title_auth	Iš Radvilų giminės istorijos Dubingių kunygaikštystė 1547 - 1808 m. ; mokslinė monografija
title_exact_search	Iš Radvilų giminės istorijos Dubingių kunygaikštystė 1547 - 1808 m. ; mokslinė monografija
title_full	Iš Radvilų giminės istorijos Dubingių kunygaikštystė 1547 - 1808 m. ; mokslinė monografija Deimantas Karvelis ; Raimonda Ragauskienė
title_fullStr	Iš Radvilų giminės istorijos Dubingių kunygaikštystė 1547 - 1808 m. ; mokslinė monografija Deimantas Karvelis ; Raimonda Ragauskienė
title_full_unstemmed	Iš Radvilų giminės istorijos Dubingių kunygaikštystė 1547 - 1808 m. ; mokslinė monografija Deimantas Karvelis ; Raimonda Ragauskienė
title_short	Iš Radvilų giminės istorijos
title_sort	is radvilu gimines istorijos dubingiu kunygaikstyste 1547 1808 m moksline monografija
title_sub	Dubingių kunygaikštystė 1547 - 1808 m. ; mokslinė monografija
topic_facet	Dubingiai
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020449514&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020449514&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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