Kauno istorija: 1 Kauno istorija nuo seniausių laikų iki 1655 metų
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Litauisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Vilnius
Versus Aureus
2010
|
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020449511&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020449511&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | 399 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789955342502 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Kauno istorija |n 1 |p Kauno istorija nuo seniausių laikų iki 1655 metų |c Zigmantas Kiaupa |
| 264 | 1 | |a Vilnius |b Versus Aureus |c 2010 | |
| 300 | |a 399 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819336010729783296 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SUMMARY
Volume I of the History of Kaunas encompasses the period from settlements of the
Kaunas surroundings during the tenth to ninth millennium B.C. to
1655,
a time
when Kaunas experienced especially severe blows. It is written on the basis of the still
rather sparse Kaunas historiography and surviving written resources. Material and
iconographie
resources are also used for the books text and illustrations.
Kaunas is located at the convergence of the Rivers Nemunas and Neris. These
areas were comparatively densely settled as early as the first millennium. Nonethe¬
less, a continual settlement in the locale of what is to become Kaunas in the future
is only associated with construction of the brick Kaunas Castle in the mid-fifteenth
century. Written sources first make mention of the Kaunas Castle in
1361;
the Order
of Teutonic Knights razes it the following year. The surroundings of Kaunas become
a theatre of war between Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights up to the start of the
fifteenth century.
It isn t until the start of that century, as the noted war winds down, that trading
opportunities open between Lithuania and cities under the sovereignty of the Teu¬
tons, beginning with Danzig
(Gdańsk).
Thus merchants and artisans, mostly those
relocating from Germanic towns along the Baltic Sea, begin establishing in Kaunas.
Lithuania s Grand Duke Vytautas grants Magdeburg Rights of civic self-governance
to the budding community of townspeople in
1408.
Town privileges, granted by Vytautas in
1408,
by Kazimieras Jogailaitis
(Casimir
IV
Jagiellon)
in
1463
and by Aleksandras Jogailaitis (Alexander
Jagiellon)
in
1492,
legalise the town community of Kaunas, establish its relationship with the ruler and
provide the townspeople with partial legal and economic immunity. A Kaunas mu¬
nicipal organisation forms. Kaunas grows due to the influx of migrants from Dan¬
zig and other Teutonic cities but, first and foremost, due to its acceptance of local
residents into the city, townspeople as well as those from other social estate realms.
The key premises for the city s growth are its excellent geographic local (prompting
shipping via the crossing of the Rivers Nemunas and Neris and a waterway from
Lithuania to Danzig) and the intensive trading along the noted routes. Head-to-he¬
ad competition for trade is heated between
Hansa
and Kaunas merchants from the
394
ZIGMANTAS KIAUPA
mid-fifteenth century and, at this time, an office of the
Hanseatic
League establishes
in Kaunas. In the meantime, the struggle to establish the law of staples {ius stapulae)
succeeds and, in stages, it sets in Kaunas. Kaunas out-competes the
Hanseatic
League
in the spheres of shipping and carriage of goods.
Kaunas Castle, which is rebuilt in the early-fifteenth century, loses its militaristic
significance after the Battle of
Žalgiris (aka
Grünwald) in 1410.
However, it remains
as a state residence for the local administration. Early in the fifteenth century, a Cat¬
holic parish appears in Kaunas and, over the course of the century, Franciscan and
Bernardine
Monasteries establish.
During the second quarter of the sixteenth century, Kaunas goes through changes
in the social organisation of its community of townspeople and its self-governance.
A community jury board that represents the interests of the entire social layer of
townspeople
{Bürgers)
appears alongside older town council, which is controlled by
townspeople s families, and the
Šuolininku
(Bencher s) Court. The self-governance
of the city becomes more democratic and, more and more often, the townspeople s
community calls itself a Republic. Such a sense of being Republican becomes fun¬
damental to this community s very existence. The population rises and, by the mid-
sixteenth century, it numbers some
7 000
in Kaunas. Lithuanians predominate by
numbers, whereas the Kaunas inhabitants at the upper strata of society are noticeably
German. Although Kaunas is a Catholic city, a Lutheran community appears in the
mid-sixteenth century. By the mid-seventeenth century, it gains the right to delegate
four members into city municipal institutions.
Trade remains fundamental to life in Kaunas between the sixteenth and first half
of the seventeenth centuries. Various goods are shipped into Kaunas (forestry goods,
wax, ashes, grain, flax, hemp, leather and others) from the entire Nemunas River
basin and further hauled to Baltic Seaports
-
Gdansk and
Königsberg.
From there
salt, herring and other fish, cloth, metal works, spices, wine and other sorts of goods
arrive in Kaunas and then disperse throughout Lithuania. Most Kaunas merchants
are also large-scale businesspeople engaged in producing forestry materials for ex¬
port. Shipping is another important area of business. A river boat shipyard is located
in Kaunas. Its dwellers also engage in freightage and cargo hauling businesses. Up
to
100
crafts are counted in Kaunas during the second half of the sixteenth century.
This indicates that there is a great differentiation of crafts and that Kaunas is a centre
for large-scale crafts production. Most of this production is consumed in Lithuania.
Leather and woodworks are exported along with some cloth. At this time, two paper
workshops, various mills and a bell foundry operate in Kaunas.
SUMMARY
395
Cultural creativity is not a strong point amongst the
citys
inhabitants. Nonet¬
heless, the architectural styles and interior designs of public and private buildings
that take root are creative manifestations (Gothic in the fifteenth-sixteenth, Renais¬
sance in the late-sixteenth and Baroque in the mid-seventeenth centuries). A few
elementary schools operate in Kaunas. Between the fifteenth and first half-sevente¬
enth centuries, several tens of Kaunas inhabitants study in European universities. The
mid-sixteenth century is when institutions of the Catholic Church decline and the
Reformation breaks through. However, by the second half of that century, Catholic
parishes and monasteries recover. Four more abbeys establish here during the first
half of the seventeenth century. Secular and sacral cultural expressions intertwine in
the lives of the townspeople.
Kaunas becomes a city of brick during the sixteenth century. Not only are there
brick churches and abbeys at the core of the city but brick homes of its townspeople
as well. Wooden homes, however, did actually continue to stand at the city s outskirts.
The corner stone for the
Rotušé
(Old City Hall) is laid in
1542;
its construction is
completed at the end of this century.
Kaunas becomes the second city of Lithuania by size and by the amount of state
taxes paid from the fifteenth century. It is a large centre of trade and business and an
active member within the
Hansa
trading area. The sixteenth to first half-seventeenth
century is considered the period of prosperity of Kaunas.
TURINYS
Jvadas
..............................................
XV-XVIIIa. Kauno istorijos periodizavimas
ir
objektets.
XlV-XVIIIa. Kauno
istorijos tyrimai. XIV-XVIII
a. Kauno istorijos šaltiniai
Kaunas
viduramžiais
................................... 31
Kauno priešistorés apmatai
................................ 31
Santakos
аруНпкгц
apgyvendinimas
-
nuo
seniausiu gyventojiţ
iki líetuviif. Nemuno
vandens
keîias
ir pìrmoji gyvenvietè Santakoje
Kauno
pradžia
........................................ 34
Pirmasis Kauno paminéjimas.
Kaunas
kova
su
kryžiuočiais
laikais.
Miestietiškos
gyvenvietès Kaune
užuomazgos. Miesto
tetsè ir
1408
m. Vytauto
privilegija
Kaunomiestiečiu^endruomenésraiškaXVa.-XVIa.
pradžioje
....... 44
MiestieČiu
hendruomenè. Savìvaldos
raiška
-
miesto
vidaus gyvenimo sutvarkymas,
Savivaldos
raiška
-
santykiat
su
valdovu.
Mokesčiai
ir prievolés.
Raštas miestiečiif
gyvenime
Prekyba
-
Kauno gyvenimo pamatai
.......................... 65
¿vilgsnis
j
Kauno amatus, turgu
ir
karčemas,
Politinès, gamtinès ir teisinès
prekybos
sąlygos
Vytauto laikais. XV a.
-XVI
a. pradzios Kauno prekybos
areolas,
partneriai ir
prekés. Svečiu
teisè
irHanzos kontóra Kaune. Kauno sankrovos teisé,
„тиІЩ
karas
ir
Hanzos
kontoros
Kaune sunykimas.
Kaunas
-
regione prekybos
centras
Kauno pilis
ir pavietas
................................... 101
Naujoji Kauno pilis. Kauno pavietas irseniunai. Kauno miestas, seniünas
ir
pilis/
pavietas
Pirmosios
bažnyčios
ir
vienuolijos Kaune
...................... 115
Kauno parapija. Pirmosios vienuolijos Kaune. Kauno
Ьетагаіпц
vienuolynas
ir
Lietuvos
bernardini^
provincijos jkurimas.
Kaunieäai
ir
bažnyčios
Kauno urbanistiné erdvé
.................................. 127
Kauno urbanistinis vaizdas.
Viešosios irprivačios
erávès heipastatai.
Kauno
miesto
valdos
Kauno
Respublika
XVI
a.-XVII a. pirmojoje
pusèje
............. 141
Lietuvos
valstybés miestas
Kaunas
............................ 141
Kauno miestas ir
valdovas
beiseimas.
Кагц
veiksnys Kauno
gyveníme.
Kauno pavieto
perivarkymai ir Kauno miestas
Respublikoniškojimiestiečiu
bendruomenè
..................... 168
Miestiečiu
bendruomenè.
Tautos
ir
kalbos Kaune.
Miestiečiu
bendruomenès socialinè
struktura
ir
miestiskoji
jausena. Bendruomeninio
gyvenimo
atodangos
Dírbanti Respublika
..................................... 205
Prekybos keliai
ir
laivyba. Kauno prekybos teisinis reglamentavimas. Pirkliai
ir
prekés. Miško
verslas.
Laivai ir upeiviai. Turgus ir
karčemos.
Amatai ir pramonès
pradmenys
Kauno
miesto
savivaldos raida ir
raiška
........................ 272
1540
m. Žygimanto
Senojo privilegija
Kauno miestui. Kauno miesto savivaldos
institucijos
XVI
a.-XVII a. pirmojoje
pusèje.
Miestiečiu
bendruomenès vieta
Kauno
miesto savivaldos sandaroje. Kauno miesto viešojo vidaus gyvenimo
erdvès ir
јц
tvarkymas. Kauno miesto
Шегеѕц
valstybés erdvèje
apsaugos pastangos
Reformacijos banga
ir
Kataliku bažnyčios reformos darbai Kaune
...... 318
Bažnytinio gyvenimo Kaune
XVI
a. pirmojoje
pusèje bruozai,
Kauno liuteronu
bendruomenè.
Katalika
bažnyčios reformos darbai Kaune. Kataliku
ir
liuteronu
santykiai
XVI
a. pirmojoje
pusèje
Meno ir
rašto
kultùros
atodangos
каипіесіц
gyvenime
.............. 336
Bendriausi kulturinio gyvenimo bruozai. Mokyklos. Skaitomos
ir
rasomos knygos.
KaunieČiu
studijos Europos
universìtetuose
Kaunas - mürinis miestas................................. 361
Statybos.
Architektüros stiliu
raiška. Miesto
piètra
Kauno
vaizdas
XVII
a.
pirmojoje
pusèje
........................ 384
Summary
............................................ 393
Iliustraciju
ir
žemélapht
sarasas
............................. 396
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kiaupa, Zigmantas 1942- Glemža, Liudas |
| author_GND | (DE-588)133835839 (DE-588)1206613491 |
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| author_sort | Kiaupa, Zigmantas 1942- |
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| id | DE-604.BV036527653 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:36:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789955342502 |
| language | Lithuanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020449511 |
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| physical | 399 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Versus Aureus |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Kiaupa, Zigmantas 1942- Glemža, Liudas Kauno istorija |
| title | Kauno istorija |
| title_auth | Kauno istorija |
| title_exact_search | Kauno istorija |
| title_full | Kauno istorija 1 Kauno istorija nuo seniausių laikų iki 1655 metų Zigmantas Kiaupa |
| title_fullStr | Kauno istorija 1 Kauno istorija nuo seniausių laikų iki 1655 metų Zigmantas Kiaupa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kauno istorija 1 Kauno istorija nuo seniausių laikų iki 1655 metų Zigmantas Kiaupa |
| title_short | Kauno istorija |
| title_sort | kauno istorija kauno istorija nuo seniausiu laiku iki 1655 metu |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020449511&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020449511&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV036527651 |
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