Essentials of biotechnology:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.]
CRC [u.a.]
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019000682&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XXVII, 792 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1420082841 9781420082845 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 1420082841 |9 1-42008-284-1 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781420082845 |9 978-1-42008-284-5 | ||
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| 084 | |a CIT 900f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Sobti, R. C. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Essentials of biotechnology |c R. C. Sobti and Suparna S. Pachouri |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] |b CRC [u.a.] |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XXVII, 792 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Biotechnologie |0 (DE-588)4069491-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4006432-3 |a Bibliografie |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Biotechnologie |0 (DE-588)4069491-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pachouri, Suparna S. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m OEBV Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019000682&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-019000682 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-TUM_call_number | 0302 CIT 900f 2010 A 2939 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-TUM_katkey | 1725122 |
| DE-BY-TUM_location | 03 |
| DE-BY-TUM_media_number | 040030235786 |
| _version_ | 1821934660514480128 |
| adam_text | CONTENTS PREFACE V CHAPTER-L : BIOTECHNOLOGY 1-54 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.1.1
DISCOVERY OF MICROORGANISMS 3 1.1.2 EAR1Y EVIDENCE OFINVOLVEMENT OF
MICROORGANISMS IN FERMENTATION 4 1.1.3 EVOLUTION OF INDUCED
BIOTECHNOLOGY FROM NATURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 4 1.1.4 CURRENT BIOTECHNOLOGY 9
1.2 WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? 12 1.2.1 CORECOMPONENTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL
PROCESSES 14 1.2.1.1 CATALYSTLACCELERATOR 14 1.2.1.2 CONTAINMENT SYSTEM
(BIOREACTOR) FOR THE PROPER FUNCTION 15 1.2.1.3 DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING 15
1.3 BIOTECHNOLOGY: AN INTER-DISCIPLINARY PRODUCT- ORFFINTED APPROACH 15
1.4 TECHNOLOGIES THAT RESULTED IN THEDEVELOPMENT OF CONTEMPORARY
BIOTECHNOLOGY 17 1.4.1 BASIC TECHNOLOGIES: ADVENT OF MODEM BIOTECHNOLOGY
17 1.4.1.1 SINGLE CELL PROTEINS (SCPS) 17 1.4.1.2 BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
19 1.4.1.3 PROTEIN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 19 1.4.1.3.1 ENZYME
ENGINEERING 19 1.4.1.4 CELL CULTURE TECHNO1OGIES 21 1.4.1.4.1 MICROBIAL
CELL CULTURE 21 1.4.1.4.2 ANIMAL CELL CULTURE 21 1.4.1.4.3 CELL FUSION
AND HYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY 21 X ESSENTIALS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 1.4.1.4.4
PLANT CEH CULTURE 1.4.1.4.5 TISSUE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 1.4.1.4.6
EMBRYONIE STERN CEU CULTURE 1.4.1.4.7 RECORNBINANT DNATECHNOLOGY (RDT)
1.4.2 NEWER TECHNOLOGIES 1.4.2.1 MICROARRAY OR CHIP TECHNOLOGIES 1.4.2.2
BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGY 1.4.2.3 ANTISENSE TECHNOLOGY 1.4.2.4 RNAI
TECHNOLOGY 1.4.2.5 MICRO RNA TECHNOLOGY 1.4.2.6 BIOINFORMATICS
TECHNOLOGY 1.4.3 APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 1.4.3.1 AGRICULTURAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY (GREEN BIOTECHNOLOGY) 1.4.3.2 MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (RED
BIOTECHNOLOGY) 1.4.3.3 ENVIRONRNENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1.4.3.4 FOOD
BIOTECHNOLOGY 1.4.3.5 OTHER APPLICATIONS 1.4.3.6 INDUSTRIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY 1.4.4 ECONOMICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: ADVENT OF
ECONO-BIOTECHNOLOGY 1.4.5 SAFETY OF PRODUCT 1.5 PLJBLLC PERCEPTION AND
SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 1.6 SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE 1.7 GLOBAL
SCENARIO QUESTIONS CHAPTER-2 : BASIC METHODOLOGIES AND TOOLS IN
BIOTECHNOLOGY 22 23 23 24 26 26 28 30 30 32 33 33 34 35 36 39 41 41 44
47 48 49 J) 53 55-114 2.1 J J INTRODUCNON 2.1.1 BASIC CONCEPTS 2.1.1.1
ACIDS AND BASES 2.1.1.2 PH ANDPOH 2.1.1.3 BUFFER 2.11.2 BASIC EQUIPMENTS
NEEDED IN A BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY 2.IJ SAFCTY TECHNOLOGIES COMMONLY
USED IN BJOTECHNOLOGY 2.2.1 MICROSCOPY 55 55 55 56 56 58 62 63 63
CONTENTS XI 2.2.1.1 THE LIGHT MICROSCOPE 63 2.2.1.2 PHASE CONTRAST
MICROSCOPE FF) 2.2.1.3 DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST (DIC) 71
2.2.1.4 FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY 71 2.2.1.5 THREE DIMENSIONAL MICROSCOPY
73 2.2.1.6 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 73 2.2.1.6.1 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE (TEM) 74 2.2.1.6.2 THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) 76
2.2.2 FREEZE-FRACTURE REPLICATION AND FREEZE ETCHING (DRY FREEZING) 78
2.2.3 CENTRIFUGATION 79 2.2.3.1 DIFFERENTIAL CENTRIFUGATION 82 2.2.3.2
DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION 84 2.2.3.3 DENSITY BARRIER
CENTRIFUGATION 85 2.2.4 CHROMATOGRAPHY 85 2.2.4.1 ION-EXCHANGE
CHROMATOGRAPHY 86 2.2.4.2 GEL FILTRATION CHROMATOGRAPHY OE7 2.2.4.3
AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY 89 2.2.5 GEL ELECTROPHORESIS 89 2.2.5.1
POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS(PAGE) 91 2.2.5.2 SODIUM
DODECYL-SULPHATE POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (SDS-PAGE) 92
2.2.5.3 ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING 93 2.2.5.4 TWO-DIMENSIONAL GEL
ELECTROPHORESIS 93 2.2.5.5 PULSE FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS 2.2.6
COLORIMETRY/SPECTROPHOTOMETRY 95 2.2.6.1 BASIC PRINCIPLE 95 2.2.6.2
COLORIMETER (INSTRUMENTATION) FJ7 2.2.6.3 SPECTROPHOTOMETRY G) 2.2.6.3.1
INTRODUCTION G) 2.2.6.3.2 INSTRUMENTATION HO 2.2.6.4 ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
10] 2.2.7 RADIOISOTOPES AND RADIOISOTOPY 101 2.2.7.1 RADIOISOTOPES ]01
2.2.7.2 RADIOISOTOPY 102 2.2.7.2.1 PROCESS 102 2.2.7.2.2 LIMITATIONS 103
2.2.7.2.3 X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS 104 2.2.8 FRACTIONATION AND
PURIFICATION OF CEUSTRUCTURES AND MOLECULES 105 XII 2.2.8.1 2.2.8.2
2.2.8.3 QUESTIONS CHAPTER E3 SEDIMENTATION BEHAVIOUR OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
ISOLATION, PURIFICATION UND FRACTIONATION OF PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACID
PURIFICATION AND FRACTIONATION SPECIALIZED TOOLSIN BIOTECHNOLOGY-I: CEU
CULTURE TECHNOLOGIES ESSENTIALS 01 BIOTECHNOLOGY 107 108 110 113 115-190
3.1 CELLANDTISSUECULTURETECHNOLOGY 115 3,1.1 CULTURE OF MICROORGANISMS
116 3.1.1.1 CLASSIFICATION OF MICROBES ON THE BASIS OF NUTRITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS FOR GROWTH 117 3.1.1.2 TYPES OF GROWTH MEDIA 118 3.1.1.3
FACTCRS INFLUENCING GROWTH 119 3.1.1.3.1 PH 119 3.1.1.3.2 TERNPERATURE
119 3.1.1.3.3 COMPOSITION OF GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE 119 3.1. 1.4 GROWTH
OFBACTERIA 120 3.1.1.4.1 DETERMINATION OF CELLNUMBER 120 3.1.1.4.2
GENERATION TIME 121 3.1.1.3.3 GROTH CURVE 123 3.1.1.5 METABOLISM
OFBACTERIA 124 3.1.1.5. I FERMENTATION UND RESPIRATION 125 3.1.1.5.1.1
FERMENTATION 125 3.1.1.5.1.2 RESPIRATION 129 3.1 .. 1.5.2 SOME
BIOCHERNICAL PATHWAYS 129 3.1.1.5.2.1 BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE TO PYRUVIC
ACID 129 3.1.1.5.2.2 ANAEROBIC UTILIZATION OF PYRUVIC ACID
(FERMENTATION) 130 3.1.1.5.2.3 AEROBIC UTILIZATION OFPYRUVATE
(OXIDATION) 132 3.1.1.5.2.4 UTILIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND FERMENTATION
OF LACTOSE 133 3.1.2 CULTURING CELLS FROM HIGHER EUKARYOTES 133 3.1.2.1
ANIMALCELL CULTURE 134 3.1..2.1.1 TYPES OFCELL CULTURE 134 3.1.2.1.1.1
PRIMARY CULTURE 135 3.1.2.1.1.2 CELL LINE 135 3.1.2.1.1.4 HISTOTYPIC
CULTURES 138 3.1.2.1.2 REQUIREMENT OFCEH CULTURE LABORATORY 139
3.1.2.1.3 MEDIA 140 CONTENTS XIII 3.1.2.1.3.1 SERUM FREE MEDIA 141
3.1.2.1.3.2 MEDIUM DESIGN AND TYPE OF CULTURE 141 3.1.2.1.4
CRYOPRESERVATION 142 3.1.2.1.4.1 IMPORTANCE OF CRYOPRESERVATION 142
3.1.2.1.4.2 COOLING AND WANNING PROCESSES 142 3.1.2.1.4.3 EXPERIMENTAL
ASPECTS OF CRYOPRESERVATION 144 3.1.2.1.4.4 SPECIAL METHODS OF
CRYOPRESERVATION 146 3.1.2.1.4.5 CRYOPRESERVATION OF EMBRYOS 146
3.1.2.1.5 CONTAMINATION 146 3.1.2.1.5.1 BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION 146
3.1.2.1.5.2 CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS 148 3.1.2.1.5.3 STEPS TO BE APPLIED TO
REDUCE CANTAMINATION PROBLEMS 149 3.1.2.1.6 USE OF ANIMAL CEH CULTURES
150 3.1.2.1.7 STERNCELLS 150 3.1.2.1.7.1 GENERAL & HISTORICAL 152
3.1.2.1.7.2 WHAT ARE STERN CELLS ? 152 3.1.2.1.7.3 PROPERTIES OF STERN
CELLS 153 3.1.2.1.7.4 DEFINITIONS OF POTENCY 153 3.1.2.1.7.5 TYPES OF
STERN CELL 157 3.1.2.1.7.6 ROLE OF STERN CELLS IN TISSUE HORNEOSTASIS
158 3.1.2.1.7.7 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ASCS 158 3.1.2.1.7.8
STERN CELL DIVISIONS LCIJ 3.1.2.1.7.9 STEM CELL NICHE LCIJ 3.1.2.1.7.10
ROLE OF STEM CELLS IN MEDICINE ]66 3.1.2.1.7.11 ETHICAL CONCERNS OFSTEM
CELL RESEARCH 167 3.1.2.1.7.12 GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OFSTEM CELLS 167
3.1.2.1.7.13 FUTURE OFSTEM CELL RESEARCH 168 3.1.2.1.8 TISSUE
ENGINEERING 169 3.1.2.1.8.1 HISTORICAL 169 3.1.2.1.8.2 STRATEGIES 172
3.1.2.1.8.3 DEVELOPMENTS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING 176 3.1.3 PLANT CELL
CULTURE 177 3.1.3.1 METHODS OF PLANT CELL CULTURE 178 3.13.1.1 CLONAL
PROPAGATION 178 3.1.3.1.2 SOMACLONAL VARIATIONS 179 3.1.3.1.3
GAMETOCLONAL VARIATIONS 179 3.1.3.1.4 PROTOPLAST FUSION 180 3.1.3.2
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT 180 XIV ESSENTIALS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 3.1.3.2. [
STERILIZATION 3.1.3.2.2 MEDIA REQUIREMENTS SETTING UP OF CULTURE
3.1.3.3.1 EXPLANT MATERIAL 3.1.3.3.2 CELL CULTURE 3.1.3.3.3 PLANT
REGENERATION FROM CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES 3.1.3.3.4 EMBRYOGENESIS AND
ORGANOGENESIS 3.1.3.3.5 PROTOPLAST FUSION TRANSFORMATION 3.1.3.3 3.1.3.4
QIIL SRIOLLS 3.1.3.4.1 3.1.3.4.2 VEETORMEDIATED GENE TRANSFER DIRECT
GENETRANSFER 180 180 181 181 182 182 182 182 185 185 187 189 CHAPTER4
SPECIALIZED TECHNIQUES IN BLOTECHNOLOGY-IL : NUCLEIC ACID BASED
TECHNOLOGIES 191-134 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 4.1.1 A DNA LIBRARY
4.1.1.1 HUMAN GENE LIBRARY 4.1.2 IDCNTIFICATION OF GENES OF INTEREST
4.1.3 ARNPLIFICATION OF SELECTED DNA SEQUENCES IN THE LIBRARY 4.1.4
VECTORS 4.1.4.1 PLASMIDS PHAGE CLONING VECTORS COSRNIDS PHASRNID VECTOR
SINGLE-STRANDED DNA VECTORS SS/DS DNA VECTORS : PEMBL (CESASENI AND
MURRAY,1987) SHUTTLE VECTORS ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES 4.1.4.8.1 YEAST
ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES 4.1.4.8.2 BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES (BAC)
4.1.4.8.3 DERIVED ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES (PAC) 4.1.4.8.4 MAMMALIAN
ARTILFICIAL CHROMOSOME (MAC) 4.1.4.8.5 PLANT ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME 4.1
4.1.4.2 4.1.4.3 4.1.4.4 4.1.4.5 4.1.4.6 4.1.4.7 4.1.4.8 4.1.4. LI
4.1.4.1.2 4.1.4.1.3 4.1.4.1,,4 ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF PLASMIDS FEATURES
OFPLASMID CLONING VECTOR NATURAL PLASMIDS AS CLONING VEHIC1ES ARTIFICIAL
PLASMIDS 191 194 195 198 199 199 200 200 200 201 201 202 205 208 208 200
200 210 210 211 211 212 213 CONTENTS XV 213 213 213 213 214 214 215 215
215 215 216 217 218 218 218 220 222 222 223 223 224- 224 225 228 230 230
232 232 233 233 234 235 236 236 238 239 243 244 245 4.1.5 CLONING
4.1.5.1 CLONING IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS 4.1.5.2 CLONING IN FUNGI 4.1.5.3
CLONING IN SACCHAROMYECES CEREVISIAE 4.1.5.4 IN YEAST OTHER THAN S.
CEREVISIAE 4.1.5.5 CLONING IN FILAMENTOUS FUNGI 4.1.5.6 MAMMALIAN
CLONING VECTORS 4.1.5.7 PLANT CLONING VECTORS 4.1.5.8 ALGAL CLONING
VECTORS DETAILEDTECHNIQUE FOR GENETIC ENGINEERING IN BACTERIA 4.2.1
OBTAINING A COPY OF THE REQUIRED GENE 4.2.1.1 CDNA PREPARATION 4.2.1.2
SYNTHESIZING A GENE 4.2.1.3 THE SHOTGUN APPROACH 4.2.2 INTRODUCTION OF
GENES INTO A VECTOR 4.2.3 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.6 DNA LIGATION 4.2.3.1 DOUBLE
LINKERS 4.2.3.2 ADAPTERS 4.2.3.3 HOMOPOLYMERTAILING 4.2.4 INTRODUCTION
OFVECTOR DNA INTO THE HOST CELL 4.2.5 CLONING THE DNA 4.2.6 SELECTION
OFTRANSFORMED BACTERIA 4.3 INTERFERENCEAND MIRNA 4.4 SITE SPECIFIC
MUTAGENESIS 4.5 THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION 4.5.1 PRINCIPLE 4.5.2
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS 4.5.3 POLYMERASES 4.5.4 PROTOCOLS 4.5.5 PROBLEMS
4.5.6 DIVERSIFICATION OFPCR TECHNOLOGY (ARNHEIM, 1990) 4.5.7
APPLICATIONS 4.5.8 Q-BETAAMPLIFICATION ANALYSINGDNA SEQUENCES 4.6.1 DNA
SEQUENCING BY THE MAXAM AND GILBERT METHOD 4.6.2 SEQUENCING BY THE CHAIN
INHIBITOR OR DIDEOXY METHOD DNA CHIP TECHNOLOGY ANTISENSETECHNOLOGY
METABOLOMICS (METABOLIC ENGINEERING) 4.2 XVI ESSENTIALS OT BIOTECHNOLOGY
4.10 1RANSGENLCS 4.10.1 PRCDUCTION OF TRANSGENIE PLANTS 4.10.1.1
VECTORMEDIATED TRANSFORMATION 4.10.1.2 NON-VECTOR GENE TRANSFER IN
PLANTS 4.10.2 PRODUCTIEN OF TRANSGENIE ANIMALS 9 .10.2.1
TRANSFEETIONOFFERTILIZED EGG 4.11 Q..ONING 4.11.1 CLONING PROCEDURES
4.11.L1 ADULT DNA CLONING 4.11.1.2 THERAPEUTIC CLONING 4.1 IJ.3 EMBRYO
CLONING 4.11.1.3.1 HISTORICAL 4.1 12 ADVANTAGES OF CLONING 4.11.3
DISADVANTAGES OF EMBRYOCLONING 4.11.4 RISKSOF CLONING 4.11.5 ETHICAL
ISSUES OF HUMAN CLONING 4.11.6 CONCLUSION 4.12 IN VITRO FERTILLZATION
AND EMBRYO TRANSFER (IVF-ET). 4.12.1 HISTORY 4.122 DEFINITION 4.123
E1IGIBHITY FORIVF 4.124 STEPS INVOLVED IN IVF 4.12.4.1 PRECYCLE
EVALUATION 4.12.4.2 LNDUCTION OF OVULATION AND MATURATION 4.12.4.3
RETRIEVALOF AN OVUM 4.12.4.4 PROCESSING OF SPERM 4.12.4.5 IN VITRO
FERTILIZATION 4.12.4.6 TRANSFER OF EMBRYOS 4.12.4.7 PROCEDURESASSOCIATED
WITH NFIET 4.124.8 GIFT AND OTHER TYPES OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
PROCEDURE 4.12.4.9 TREATMENTOFSEVERE MALEINFERTILITY 4.124.10 OUTCOME OF
NFIET PREGNANCIES 4.124.11 RISKSOF IVFANDINFERTILITY THERAPIES 4.124012
USES OFIVFE1T 4.13 GENOMICS ANDBIOINFORMATICS 4.1301 GENOMICS 4.13.1.1
HUMAN GENOMEPROJECT 4.]!3.1.2 C URRENTAND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF
GENOME RESEARCH 4.13.1.3 PROSPEERS AND IRNPLICATIONSOF HUMAN GENOME 246
246 246 LFJJ 264 264 271 271 271 274 ZN ZN 278 279 280 281 282 283 283
283 284 284 284 285 285 286 286 21RL 288 288 289 289 ZO 292 29 3 293 293
296 298 CONTENTS XVII 4.13.1.4 GENOME PROJECTS OFMODEL ORGANISMS 300
4.13.1.5 GENERAL ORGANIZATION OFTHE HUMAN GENOME 301 4.13.1.5.1
THENUC1EARGENOME 302 4.13.1.5.2 MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME 304 4.13.1.5.2.1
MITOCHONDRIAL GENES 305 4.13.1.5.2.2 THE MITOCHONDRIAL GENETIC CODE 3(XJ
4.13.1.5.2.3 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS 0/ MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME 3FJ7
4.13.1.5.3 CHLOROPLAST GENOME 3FJ7 4.13.1.6 APPLICATIONS OF GENOMICS IN
DRUG DEVELOPMENT 310 4.13.1.6.1 FOUNDATION OF PERSONALIZED THERAPY 310
4.13.1.6.2 PHARMACOGENETICS AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINES 311 4.13.1.6.3
PHARMACOGENOMICS: TRANSLATION OF FUNCTIONAL GENEMIES INTO RATIONAL
THERAPEUTICS 311 4.14 PROTEOMICS 312 4.15 BIOINFORMATICS 322 4.15.1
ABRIEF HISTORY OF THE FIELD 323 4.15.2 SEQUENCES AND NOMENC1ATURE 325
4.15.3 THE CONCEPTOF DIRECTIONALITY 3Z7 4.15.4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF
SEQUENCES 327 4.15.5 MAIN DATABASES 328 4.15.6 DATABASE RETRIEVAL TOOLS
329 4.15.7 SEQUENCE SIMILARITY SEARCHING 330 4.15.8 ANALYSES USING
BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS 331 4.15.9 INFORMATION FROM STORED DATA 332
QUESTIONS CHAPFER-5 : SPECIALIZED TOOLS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY-III : PROTEIN
BASED TECHNOLOGIES 5.1 PR01EIN ENGINEERING 5.2 ENZYMEENGINEERING 5.3
BIOCATALYSTIMMOBILIZATION 5.3.1 PRINCIPLE 5.3.2 TECHNIQUES 5.3.2.1
ADSORPTION 5.3.2.2 COVALENT BONDING 5.3.2.3 CROSS-LINKING 5.3.2.4
ENTRAPMENT 5.3.2.5 ENCAPSULATION OR MEMBRANE CONFINEMENT 334 335-402 335
340 341 341 342 342 343 344 344 345 5.5.1 UPSTREAM PROCESS 5.5.1.]
SELECTION OF MICROORGANISMS 5.5.1.2 MEDIA FORMULARION 5.5.1.3
STERILIZATION 5.5.2 FERMENTATION BIOSENSOR LECHNOLOGY 5.4.1 COMPONENTS
OF A BIOSENSOR 5.4.2 TYPES OF BIOSENSORS (ACCORDING TO BIOCATALYST USED)
5.4.3 TYPES OF BIOSENSORS (ACCORDING TO TRANSDUCER USED) 5.4.4
APPLICATIONS OF BIOSENSORS BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOOY 5.5.3 DOWNSTREAM
PROCESSING 5.5.3.1 PRETREATMENT 5.5.3,2 SOLID-LIQUID SEPARATION
5.5.3.2.1 FLOCCULATION 5.5.3.2.2 CENTRIFUGATION 5.5.3.2.3 FILTRATION
5.5.3.2.4 FLOATATION 5.5.3,2.5 COAGULATION 5.5.3.3 RELEASE OF
INTRACELLULAR COMPONENTS CELL DISRUPTION 5.5.3.4 CONCENTRATION OF
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS 5.5.3.4.1 EVAPORATION 5.5.3.4.2 LIQUID-LIQUID
EXTRACTION 5.5.3.4.3 MEMBRANEFILTRATION 5.5.3.4.4 ADSORPTION 5.5.3.4.5
PREVAPORATION 5.5.3.4.6 PERSTRACTION 5.5.3.4.7 PRECIPITATION 5.5,4
PURIFICATION XVIII 5.4 5.5 5.5.2.] 5.5.2.2 5.5.2.3 5.5.2.4 5.5.2.5
5.5.2.6 5.5.2.6 5.5.2.7 BIOREACTORS REQUIREMENTS OF BIOREACTORS B
IOREACTORSYSTEMS AGITATION(STIRRINGAND MIXING) AERATION TYPES OF
BIOREACTORS SELECTION OFBIOREACTOR PHOTOBIOREACTOR ESSENTIALS OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY 346 347 348 349 352 354 355 355 355 356 358 358 3FFL 362
362 364 366 376 376 378 379 379 380 380 381 381 382 382 386 386 387 389
3~ 391 391 391 392 CONTENTS 5.5.4.1 IMMUNOAFFINITY PURIFICATIONS 5.5.4.2
CHROMATOGRAPHY 5.5.5 FORMULATION OFPRODUCT QUESTIONS CHAPTER~6 :
IMMUNOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES 6.1 DIAGNOSTIC
TECHNLQUES 6.2 IMMUNOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES 6.2.1 RADIO
IMMUNOASSAY (RIA) 6.2.2 RIST (RADIO IMMUNO SORBENT TEST) 6.2.3 RAST
(RADIO ALLERGO SORBENT TEST) 6.2.4 PRECIPITATION REACTIONS 6.2.4.1
PRECIPITATION REACTION IN FLUIDS 6.2.4.2 PRECIPITATION REACTION IN GELS
6.2.5 AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS 6.2.5.1 LATEX AGGLUTINATION TESTS 6.2.5.2
LIPOSOME-MEDIATED AGGLUTINATION 6.2.5.3 COOMB S TEST 6.25.4
HAEMAGGLUTINATION 6.2.5.4 (A) BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION 6.2.5.4 (H) VIRAL
AGGLUTINATION 6.2.6 ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) 6.2.7
COMPLEMENTFIXATION TEST 6.2.8 WESTERN BLOTTING 6.2.9 IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
6.2.10 FLOW CYTOMETRY 6.2.11 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES 6.3 DNA DIAGNOSTIC
METHODS 6.3.1 NUCLEICACID HYBRIDIZATION TECHNIQUES 6.3.1.1 PREPARATION
OF NUCLEIC ACID PROBES 6.3.1.1.1 CONVENTIONAL DNA PROBES 6.3.1.1.2 RNA
PROBES 6.3.1.1.3 OLIGONUC1EOTIDE PROBES 6.3.1.2 PROBE TARGET 6.3.1.3
PRINCIPLE OF NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION 6.3.1.4 MELTING TEMPERATURE AND
HYHRIDIZATION STRINGENCY 6.3.1.5 HYBRIDIZATION FORMATS 6.3.1.6
PREPARATION OF PROBE AND ITS LABELING XIX 392 392 400 402 403-446 403
403 404 405 405 4(X) 4(X) 4(X) 410 410 412 413 413 415 416 416 419 420
421 422 424 425 425 425 426 426 426 426 426 427 428 434 XX ESSENTIALS 0
BIOTECHNOLOGY 6.3.1.6.[ ISOTOPIC LABELING AND DETECTION 6.3.1.6.2
NON-ISOTOPIC LABELING SYSTEMS 6.3.1.6.3 LIMITATIONS OF USAGES OFPROBE
6.3.2 PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (PFGE) 6.3.3 POLYMERASE CHAIN
REACTION (PER) 6.3.4 MOLEEULAR BEACON SYSTEM QUESTIONS 434 435 437 437
438 443 445 CHAPTER-7 : APPLICATIONS OF BTETECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH 447-536
480 481 485 485 486 447 448 449 452 459 461 461 462 463 463 465 466 466
468 468 469 469 470 470 470 471 471 472 479 TRANSGENIE ANIRNALS AS A
SOURCE OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS GENETICALLY ENGINEERED PLANTS AS A SOURCE
OFPHARRNACEUTICALS UND EDIBLE VACCINES REGENERATIVE MEDICINE : STERN
CELLS AND THEIR RELEVANCE TODAY TARGETED DRUGS 7.3.5.9.1 LIPOSOMES
7.3.5.9.2 NASAL SPRAYS AND TRANSMEMBRANE CARRIER 7.35.2 7.3.5.3 7.3.5.4
7.3.5.5 7.3.5.6 7.3.5.7 7.35.8 7.3.5.9 INTRODUCNON RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES 72.1 DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASES 7.2.2 DIAGNOSIS OF GENETIC DISEASES 7.2.3 OTHER ADVANCES IN
DIAGNOSIS THERAPEUTICS 7.3.1 ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES 7.3.2 HUMAN
THERAPEUTICS BASED ON TRIPLE HELIX TECHNOLOGY 7.3.3 DEVELOPING RDN A
PRODUCTS FOR TREATMENT OF VARIOUS AILMENTS 7.3.4 RNAI AS THERAPEUTICS
7.3.5 BIOTHERAPY AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS 7.3.5.1 ENDOGENOUS
THERAPEUTIC AGENTS 7.3.5.1.1 INSULIN 7.3.5.1.2 ANTIBIOTICS 7.3.5.1.3
ALTERNATIVES TO ANTIBIOTICS 7.3.5.1.4 SOMATOSTATIN 7.3.5.1;.5
INTERFERONS 7.3.5.1.6 LYRNPHOKINES 7.3.5.1.7 HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
NATURAL PRODUCTS AS PHARMACEUTICALS BIOPOLYMERS AS MEDICAL DEVICES
DESIGNER DRUGS VACCINES 7.1 7.2 7.3 CONTENTS 7.3.5.9.3 BIODEGRADABLE
POLYMERS 7.3.5.9.4 OSMOTICS 7.3.5.9.5 MONOC1ONAL ANTIBODIES 7.3.5.10
MODIFIED PROTEINS 7.3.6 PHARRNACOGENOMICS 7.3.6.1 INTRODUCTION 7.3.6.2
HISTORY AND BACKGROUND 7.3.6.3 GENES AND POLYMORPHISMS GOVERNING DRUG
RESPONSES 7.3.6.4 PHARMACOGENOMICS TO CLINICAL USES: LIMITATIONS 7.3.6.5
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTION 7.4 GENE THERAPY 7.4.1 INTRODUCTION
7.4.2 STRATEGIES OF GENE THERAPY 7.4.3 TECHNIQUES OF GENE THERAPY
7.4.3.1 INSERTION OF GENE INTO THE CELLS OF PATIENTS 7.4.3.2 VEHICLES OF
GENE TRANSFER 7.4.4 GENE THERAPY FOR DISEASES 7.4.5 TECHNICAL
CONSIDERATIONS OF GENE THERAPY 7.4.5.1 DELIVERY OF GENE 7.4.5.2
DURABILITY AND INTEGRATION 7.4.5.3 IMMUNE RESPONSE 7.4.5.4 SAFETY OF
VECTORS 7.4.5.5 UNCERTAINTY 7.4.6 THE ETHICS OF HUMAN GENE THERAPY 7.5
DNA FINGERPRINTING DNA FOOTPRINTLNG AND BIOMETRICS 7.5.1 DNA FINGER
PRINTING 7.5.2 DNA FOOTPRINTING 7.5.2.1 DNASE FOOTPRING 7.5.2.2 GEL
SHIFT ASSAYS 7.5.2.3 MODIFICATION INTERFERENCE ASSAY 7.6 BIOMETRICS 7.7
BIOMATERIALS AND STEM CELLS QUESTIONS CHAPTER-8 : BIOTECHNOLOGY IN
AGRICULTURE 80I INTRODUCTLON 8.2 PLANT TISSUE CULTURE AND ITS
APPLICATIONS 8.2.1 MICROPROPAGATION 8.2.2 SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS XXI 486
486 486 487 487 487 487 488 49UE 491 492 492 495 496 496 498 510 521 521
522 522 522 523 523 526 526 529 529 529 530 530 531 535 537-592 537 539
539 539 XXII ESSENTIALS 01 BIOTECHNOLOGY 8.3 H.4 K5 8.2.3 MODIFICATIONS
BY SOMACLONAL VARIATIONS 8.2.4 PROTOPLAST FUSION 8.2.5 VIRUS ELIMINATION
8.2.6 EMBRYO RESCUE 8.2.7 HAPLOID PRODUCTION 8.2.8 PRODUCTION OF
CHEMIEALS BY CULTURED CELLS 8.2.9 PLANT TRANSFORMATION GENETIC
ENGINEERING OF PLANTS 8.3.1 APPLICATIONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING OFPLANTS
8.3.2 HERBICIDE RESISTANCE 8.3.3 RESISTANCE TO INSECTS 8.3.4 VIRAL
RESISTANCE 8.3.5 ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE 8.3.6 HORMONE ENGINEERING
8.3.7 GCNETIC MANIPULATION OFFIOWER PIGMENTATION 8.3.8 NITROGEN FIXATION
8.3.9 LNCREASING SHELFLIFE 8.3.1 () PLANTS AS BIOREACTORS : PRODUCTION
OF CHEMICAL DRUGS AND OTHER PRODUCTS 8.3.1 I IMPROVERNENT OF FOOD
QUALITY 83.12 BIOLOGICAL METHODS TO PROTECT CROPS DANGERS OF GENETIC
ENGINEERING OF THE PLANTS ANIMALS BLOTECHNOLOGY 85.1 USE OF ANIRNALCELLS
X5.2 TRANSGENIE ANIMALS AND THEIR USES 101..5.1.1 EXARNPLES OFTHE
TRANSGENIE ANIMALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 8.5.1.1.1 TRANSGENIE MICE
R.5.1.2 TRANSGENIE LIVESTOCK 8.5.1.,3 TRANSGENIE SHEEP 8.5.104
TRANSGENIE GOUTS 8.5. I! .5 TRANSGENIE PIGS 8.5.1.6 TRANSGENIE RABBIT
8.5. LI .7 TRANSGENIE CHICKEN 8.5.1.8 MULES UND HORSES 8.5.1.9
TRANSGENIE FISH H.5.2 APPLICATIONS OF TRANSGENIE ANIMALS BI011~CHNOLOGY
OF SFLKWORM H.6.1 USE OFBIOTECHNOLOGY FOR IMPROVING SILKWORM H.6.2
HNPROVCMENT OF MULBERRY THROUGH APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 539 540 541
541 541 541 542 542 542 543 545 547 547 54S 54I8 550 551 551 555 556 557
558 559 562 563 563 566 567 5FF) 570 570 570 572 572 574 574 575 577
CONTENTS 8.7 PEST MANAGEMENT 8.7.1 CHEMICAL CONTROL OFPESTS 8.7.2
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS 8.7.3 BACULOVIRUSES IN PEST CONTROL 8.7.4
INSECTICIDAL TOXIN OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS 8.8 BIOFERTILIZERS IN PLANT
GROWTH 8.8.1 TECHNOLOGY USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFERTILIZERS 8.8.2
MICROORGANISMS USED AS BIOFERTILIZERS 8.8.2.1 RHIZOBIUM 8.8.2.2
AZOBACTER AS BIOFERTILIZER 8.8.2.3 AZOLLA AND BLUE GREEN ALGAE 8.8.2.4
FUNGI 8.8.2.5 PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA 8.8.3 LIMITATIONS
OFBIOFERTILIZERS 8.9 ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN LIVESTOCK AND OTHER
ANIMALS 8.9.1 TECHNIQUE 8.9.2 PRECAUTIONS 8.9.3 ADVANTAGES OF AI 8.9.4
DISADVANTAGE OF AI 8.9.5 ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN HUMANS 8.10 LEGAL
TRENDS IN AGRICULTURAL BIOLECHNOLOGY QUESTIONS CHAPRER-9 : BIOTECHNOLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENT 9.1 LNTRODUCTION 9.2 MANAGEMENT OF WASTE 9.2.1 POINT
SOURCE REDUCTION 9.2.1.1 BIOREMEDIATION 9.2.1.1.1 IN SITU PROMOTION OF
MICROBIAL GROWTH 9.2.1.1.2 LIMITATIONS OF BIOREMEDIATION 9.2.1.2
PHYTOREMEDIATION: SMART PLANTS 9.2.1.3 USE OFENZYMES 9.2.2 UTILIZATION
OFBYPRODUCT 9.2.2.1 WHEY 9.2.2.2 SCPS (SINGLE CELL PROTEINS) 9.2.2.3
MOLASSES 9.2.2.4 DISPOSABLE PLASTIC STARCH XXIII 577 578 578 580 581 582
584 584 584 586 586 587 578 588 588 588 5~ 591 591 591 592 592 593 595
595 596 598 620 620 621 622 622 622 623 623 XXI V ESSENTIALS OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY 9.2.3 END OF PIPE TREATMENT (I.E., WASTE DESTRUCTION
TECHNIQUE) 623 9.2.3.1 GASEOUS WASTE TREATMENT 623 9.2.3.2 LIQUID WASRES
624 9.2.3.2.1 WASTE WATER TREATMENT 625 9.2.3.2.2 BIOLOGICAL PU1PING IN
PAPER MANUFACTURE 626 9.2.3.2.3 PAPER PRODUCTION PLANTS 627 9.2.3.2.4
HEAVY METAL TREATMENT 627 9.2.3.2.5 PRECIPITATION OF PHOSPHATE 632
9.2.3.2.6 CONTROL OFN 2 IN ENVIRONMENT 633 9.2.3.2.7 REMOVAL OFCYANIDE
635 9.2.4 SOLID WASRES 635 9.2.4.1 LANDFILL TECHNOLOGIES 635 9.2.4.2
SOIL TREATMENT 636 9.3 ROLE OF MICROBES IN GEOLOGICAL PROCESS 644- 9.3.1
BIOLEACHING 644- 9.4 1:NL~GY 647 9.4.1 BIOGAS PRODUCTION 648 9.4.2 LARGE
SCALE GROWING OFENERGY CROPS 649 9.43 SHORT ROTATION FORESTRY 649 9.4.4
HYDROGEN GAS PRODUCTION BY MICROORGANISMS 649 0.5 ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY 649 QW .I RIOLL. 654 CHAPTER-10 : BIOTECHNOLOGY AND
AQUACULTURE 655-672 /CU INTRODUCNON 655 10.2 ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN
AQUACULTURE 657 10.2.1 CCLL CULTURC 657 10.2. . FISH 657 10.2.1.2 SHELL
FISH CELL CULTURES 658 10.2.1.3 SEA WEED CCLL CULTURES 659 10.2.2
TRANSGENESIS 659 10,3 APPLICATIONS OF FISH CELL CULTURE AND TRANSGENIC
FISH IN BASIC RESEARCH (1.,2 LOA USES OF OTHER MARINE ORGANISMS
(JW .LR;OFL.L CFLAL YRER-LL : BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD 11.1 INTRODUCNON
11.2 DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL FOODS AND FOOD INGREDIENTS &57 671 673 675
CONTENTS 11.2.1 SINGLE CELL PROTEINS (SCPS) 11.2.1.1 BACTERIA AND
ACTINOMYCETES 11.2.1.2 ALGAE 11.2.1.3 YEAST 11.2.2 GENE TRANSFER AND
FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY 11.2.2.1 IMPROVEMENT OFNUTRITIVE VALUE IN STAPLE
CROPS 11.2.2.2 HEALTHY FOOD HABITS 11.2.2.3 METABOLIE ENGINEERING OF
FATS 11.2.2.4 BIOFORTIFIEATION 11.2.2.5 FUNCTIONAL FOODS 11.2.2.6
NANOTECHOLOGY 11.2.2.7 PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS 11.2.2.8 MODIFICATION
OF TASTE OF FOODS 11.2.2.9 PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 11.2.2.10
FRESHER FOODS 11.2.2.11 FOOD BORNE IUNESSES 11.2.2.12 IMPROVEMENT IN
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH 11.2.2.13 FOOD ALLERGIES 11.2.2.14
POLYSACCHARIDES 11.2.2.15 NEW LOW-CALORIE SWEETNERS 11.2.2.16
NATURALLY-PRODUCED FLAVOUR MODIFIERS 11.2.2.17 FOOD SUPPLEMENTS
11.2.2.18 FERMENTED FOODS AND MICROBIAL STARTERS 11.2.3 PRODUCTION AND
IMPROVEMENT OF ENZYMES 11.2.3.1 IMMOBILIZATION OFENZYMES AND CELLS
11.2.4 JOINT FOOD QUALITY 11.2.5 TESTING OF FOOD SAFETY 11.2.6 BENEFITS
OF FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY 11.3 CONCLUSIONS QUESTIONS CHAPTER*12 :
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (INDUDING BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDIA)
12.1 INTRODUCTION 12.2 VARIOUS AREAS OF CONCERN IN DEVELOPING WORLD
12.2.1 AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTION 12.2.2 FOOD PRODUCTS 12.2.3 MEDICINE AND
PUBLIC HEALTH 12.2.4 BIOCONVERSION AND RECYCLING OF MATERIALS XXV 675
676 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 684 685 686 686 686 686 687 687
687 687 688 689 6~ 691 (FJ2 692 693 694 694 695-728 695 697 697 698 699
701 XXVI ESSENTIALS OF BIOTECHNOL1OGY 12.2.4.1 CONVERSION OF WASTE INTO
USEFUL PRODUCTS 12.2.4.2 BIOFERTILIZERSAND BIOPESTICIDES 12.2.4.3
BIOFUELS 123 PRIORITIES IN BLOTECHNOLOGY OF VARIOUS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
123.1 BIOTECHNOLOGY PROFILESIN BRAZIL 12.3.2 BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MALAYSIA
123.3 INDUSTRIALAND ENVIRONMENTALBIOTECHNOLOGYIN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OFIRAN
123.4 EASTERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA:AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 12.4 SETIING
RESEARCH PRIORITIES 125 MANAGMENT OF CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT 126
DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATORY CAPACITY 127 INDIAN SCENARIO 128 CONA...USIONS
QUESTIONS CHA.PI ER-13: THE ETHICAL AND SOCIALLMPLICATIONS OF GENETIC
ENGIN.EERING 13.1 LNTRODUCNON 132 E THICSOF BIORRECHNOLOGY 132.1 SOME
USES OFBIOTECHNOLOGY HAVE SOCIAL IMPACTS 13.22 HUMAN SAFETY 132.3 ABOUT
VIRUS RESISTANT PLANT 1324 ANIMALS AND ETHICS 13.2.5 RELEASEOIGEOS 13.26
USE OF HERBICIDE RESISTENT PLANTS 13.2.7 HUMAN GENOME ALTERATIONS BY
BIOTECHNOLOGY 133 SOCIALACCEPTANCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 13.3.1 TRANSGENIE
CROPS 1332 SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 13.3.3 ACCEPTANCE
OF GM CROPS FOR FOODAND PHANNACEUTICAL PRODUCTION 13.3.4 SOCIAL
ACCEPTANCE OF INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY QUESTIONS CBAPTE R- 14:
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INBIOTECHNOLOGY 14.1 INTRODUCNON 14.1.1
INTELLEETAEL PROPERTY RIGHTS 14.1.2 PROTEEDON OF INTELLEEMAL PROPERTY
701 701 702 703 704 705 7FFL 700 700 700 710 711 72[) RN 729-742 719 719
731 732 733 733 734 735 736 737 737 738 739 740 741 743-756 743 743 744
CONTENTS 14.1.2.1 PATENTS 14.1.2.2 COPYRIGHTS 14.1.2.3 TRADEMARKS
14.1.2.4 GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONL ORIGIN OF APPELLATION 14.2 PATENT AND
PATENTING 14.2.1 RATIONALE OF PATENTS 14.2.2 INCENTIVES FOR INNOVATION
14.2.3 NOVELTY, INVENTIVE STEP AND APPLICABILITY 14.2.4 APPLICATIONS
14.2.4.1 PATENTING OFHUMAN GENES AND DNA 14.2.4.2 THE PATENTABILITY OF
TRANSGENIE ORGANISMS 14.2.5 PATENRING AND BIODIVERSITY 14.2.6 BENEFITS
OF PATENTS 14.2.7 HOW TO GET A PATENT IN INDIA 14.2.8 PATENTS AND ETHICS
QUESTIONS REFERENCES INDEX XXVII 744 744 745 745 745 745 745 746 748 748
750 751 754 754 756 756 757-758 759-792
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Sobti, R. C. Pachouri, Suparna S. |
| author_facet | Sobti, R. C. Pachouri, Suparna S. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Sobti, R. C. |
| author_variant | r c s rc rcs s s p ss ssp |
| building | Verbundindex |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)634356915 (DE-599)OBVAC07556786 |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Biologie |
| edition | 1. publ. |
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| genre_facet | Bibliografie |
| id | DE-604.BV036110484 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:07:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1420082841 9781420082845 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-019000682 |
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| physical | XXVII, 792 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
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| publisher | CRC [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Sobti, R. C. Pachouri, Suparna S. Essentials of biotechnology Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4069491-4 (DE-588)4006432-3 |
| title | Essentials of biotechnology |
| title_auth | Essentials of biotechnology |
| title_exact_search | Essentials of biotechnology |
| title_full | Essentials of biotechnology R. C. Sobti and Suparna S. Pachouri |
| title_fullStr | Essentials of biotechnology R. C. Sobti and Suparna S. Pachouri |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essentials of biotechnology R. C. Sobti and Suparna S. Pachouri |
| title_short | Essentials of biotechnology |
| title_sort | essentials of biotechnology |
| topic | Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biotechnologie Bibliografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019000682&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sobtirc essentialsofbiotechnology AT pachourisuparnas essentialsofbiotechnology |
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