Verfügbarkeit: Kazalište vlasti | Technische Universität München

Kazalište vlasti: ceremonijal i državni blagdani Dubrovačke Republike u 17. i 18. stoljeću

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteilige Person:	Lonza, Nella 1959- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Kroatisch
Veröffentlicht:	Zagreb [u.a.] Hrvatska Akad. Znanosti i Umjetnosti, Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti u Dubrovniku 2009
Schriftenreihe:	Posebna izdanja Serija Monografije / Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti u Dubrovniku ; 29
Schlagwörter:	Geschichte 1600-1800 Zeremonie > Motiv Zeremonie Theatralik Fest > Motiv Nationalfeiertag Dubrovnik
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018973263&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018973263&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Beschreibung:	Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The theatre of power ...
Umfang:	591 S. Ill.
ISBN:	9789531548533

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	SADRŽAJ UVOD ...............................................................................................13 PRIZORIŠTE VLASTI I NJEGOVI DUBROVAČKI PROTAGONISTI .............................................................................19 Državna briga о protokolu, ceremonijalist i njegovi priručnici ... 19 Ceremonijal kao državni medij ................................................19 Dubrovnik i profesionalizacija protokola ................................22 Od Podsjetnika do Obrednika .........................................26 Protokol u zapisima i u praksi .................................................38 Knez: lice posuđeno Republici .....................................................40 Personifikacija države ..............................................................40 Knez u Dvoru ...........................................................................42 Kneževa pratnja .......................................................................49 Malo vijeće u ceremonijalnim istupima ...................................52 Pod trijemom i u povorci .........................................................54 Kneževo ruho i insignije vlasti .................................................57 Odraz državnog sjaja ...............................................................70 Stupanje na pozornicu vlasti i uvođenje u državne časti ..............77 Instalacija kneza u dva povijesna konteksta ............................77 Kneževi zamjenici ....................................................................83 Instalacija molovijećnika, čuvara pravde i sudaca .................85 Senat: vlast iza kulisa ..............................................................88 Obredi ispraćaja s prizorišta vlasti ...............................................90 Knežev pogreb ..........................................................................90 Pogreb najvišeg službenika .....................................................98 Posmrtni ispraćaj crkvenih poglavara ..................................101 Pogrebna scenografija ...........................................................106 Prigodni govori ......................................................................107 Rituali sjećanja: državne zadušnice ......................................109 Lutke u pogrebnim ritualima 18. stoljeća ..............................113 U znaku vage i mača: javni rituali kažnjavanja ..........................117 Država, zločinac i društvo .....................................................117 Raznolikost javnih kazni ........................................................ 118 Zločinac i njegova publika .....................................................122 Smrtna presuda i njezin epilog ..............................................123 Lutke na javnom stratištu .......................................................130 NA ZAJEDNIČKOJ SCENI: CRKVA, DIPLOMATSKI PREDSTAVNICI I STRANCI U PROTOKOLU DUBROVAČKE REPUBLIKE ......................................................133 Ceremonijal prema crkvenim dostojanstvenicima .....................133 Ulazak novog nadbiskupa ......................................................134 Obred u umanjenom mjerilu: ulazak stonskog biskupa .........143 Prijem nadbiskupa u Malom vijeću .......................................145 Protokol u ostalim kontaktima svjetovnih i crkvenih vlasti ... 148 Prijem svetogorskih monaha i hilandarska svijeća ........... 150 Ceremonijal u diplomatskim odnosima ......................................152 Odlazak poklisara harača ......................................................152 Stalni diplomatsko-konzularnipredstavnici stranih država ..159 Obrisi diplomatskog protokola ..............................................165 Neželjeni gost: napuljski guverner oružja ............................. 172 Austrijski carski rezident u dubrovačkom diplomatskom ceremonijalu .......................................................................... 175 Ceremonijal prema stranim izaslanicima ad hoc ..................176 Stranei koji prohodu i protokolarna praksa Dubrovačke Republike ...............................................................184 S morske strane : prolaz mletačkih dužnosnika ......................184 S kopnene strane: turski dužnosnici na dubrovačkom području 190 Na proputovanju: strani gosti u Gradu .................................192 Paljba zlatnim kuglama: državni darovi u ceremonijalu Dubrovačke Republike ...............................................................203 Darivanje kao sredstvo državne politike ...............................203 Vrste dara ..............................................................................208 Izazov nepcu: poklon u hrani, gozbe i domjenci ........................217 Jestivi darovi ..........................................................................217 Za trpezom: gozbe i domjenci ................................................221 U SVEČANOM OZRAČJU: SLUŽBENI BLAGDANI I DRŽAVNI CEREMONIJAL ..........................................................229 Srednjovjekovni blagdanski slojevi ............................................235 Najstariji dubrovački sveci i njihovi blagdani .......................235 U znaku nove državnosti i političke samosvijesti (druga polovica 14. i 15. stoljeće) .........................................242 Kotorski došljaci: Sv. Petar, Lovrijenac i Andrija ................243 Sv. Simun Prorok i kult Isusove pelenice ...............................246 Četrdeset mučenika i urota 1400...........................................251 Sv. Lovrijenac, slavljen i uzdignut .........................................256 Blagdan Sv. Jeronima, raspiren izapreten ............................257 Blagdan Sv. Filipa i Jakova, ples crevljara i svibanjska slavlja .................................................................259 Svetačka profilaksa: stoljeća kuge ..............................................267 Kuga 1416. i Sv. Petar iPavao apostoli ................................268 Kuga 1422. iTijelovo .............................................................269 Kuga 1430. i blagdan Sv. Šimuna i Jude apostola ................273 Kuga 1436.: Sv. Antun pa Sv. Ivan Krstitelj ..........................274 Bezgrešno začeće ...................................................................276 Tri renesansna zaštitnika od kuge: Sv. Sebastijan, Sv. Vinko Ferrer i Sv. Roko ...........................279 Kuga 1533. iNavještenje .......................................................286 Kuga 1586. i procesija naNašašće Sv. Križa ........................288 Kuga 1691., njezin spomendan i Sv. Filip Benizzi .................291 Kuga na vratima: 1783/4.......................................................294 Spomendani na potrese i požare .................................................296 Spasovo (Uzašašće Gospodinovo) i potres 1520...................296 Spomen na požar u oružani 1610..........................................299 Odrediše svetkovinu I za pokoru Ijutieh zgoda I Božju molit veličinu: potres 1639..........................................301 Velika Trešnja 1667.: nikad zarasla rana .............................302 Blagdani katoličke obnove i isusovačkog kruga ........................308 Blagdan Sv. Pija V., bitka kod Lepanta i pobožnost ružarija 308 Nova pobožnost isusovačkog pečata ......................................314 Gospa odKarmela .................................................................317 U slavu prvog od isusovaca, Sv. Ignacija ..............................323 Dva barokna sveca: Sv. Franjo Saleški i Sv. Franjo Ksaverski ............................................................326 Nekoliko isusovačkih svetaca u čekaonici .........................331 Državni ceremonijal u pozadini: liturgijska godina i blagdani temporala ...................................................................335 Božični ciklus: od Došašća do Svijećnice ..............................335 Sedamdesetnica, Pretili četvrtak i ples krojača .....................338 Poklade i državna vlast ..........................................................342 Pepelnica i Korizma ...............................................................346 Veliki tjedan, Uskrs i njegova oktava ....................................349 Blagdani temporala od kraja uskrsnog do početka božičnog ciklusa .....................................................................354 Sv. Vlaho: Parac, Slava, Čast i Dika ..........................................357 Sv. Vlaho u veljači (Muka Sv. Vlaha) ....................................358 Ruka Sv. Vlaha (5. lipnja) ......................................................383 Blagdani izmjereni i izvagani .....................................................387 Broj blagdana i gustoća svetkovina kroz godinu ...................387 Hijerarhija među blagdanima ...............................................392 Korakom ophodnje: procesije na državne blagdane ...................400 Crkvene procesije i svjetovna vlast ........................................401 Procesije artikulirane oko relikvije i njena kulta ..................405 Procesije sa snažnim državnotv ornim pečatom .....................409 Ophodnje u zahvalu za spas iz kriznih situacija ....................412 Prigodne procesije .................................................................414 Transformacija procesija kroz dugo trajanje ....................415 Procesije u državnom kalendaru Dubrovačke Republike ......420 Ophodnje i urbani prostor .....................................................425 Odraz statusa i bitka oko prvenstva .......................................431 ZAKLJUČAK .................................................................................433 IZBOR IZ VRELA .........................................................................449 Instalacija novog kneza ..............................................................449 Knežev pogreb ............................................................................450 Nadbiskupov pogreb ...................................................................453 Pogreb državnog tajnika .............................................................458 Ceremonijal ulaska novog nadbiskupa 1752..............................461 Troškovnik za ulazak novog nadbiskupa 1792..........................466 Ceremonijal odlaska poklisara harača ........................................468 Nastupni prijem stranog diplomatskog predstavnika (francuski konzul Bruère Desrivaux 1772.) ...............................471 Nastupni prijem stranog diplomatskog predstavnika (austrijski konzul Timoni 1805.)................................................473 Posjet mletačkog baila u Carigradu 1782...................................475 Ceremonijal dočeka i prijema turskog izaslanika, kapidži-baše 477 Banket za kapidži-bašu 1757. uGražu .......................................479 Prijem izaslanstva tripolitanskog beglerbega .............................481 Ceremonijal na državne blagdane kalendarskim slijedom .........482 Vrela ................................................................................................502 Objavljena vrela i literatura ...........................................................504 Kazalo imena ..................................................................................538 Kazalo osoba ..............................................................................538 Svetačka i božanska imena .........................................................544 Imena legendarnih osoba, mitoloških bića i maski ....................546 Kazalo mjesta ..................................................................................547 Kazalo pojmova ..............................................................................554 Summary .........................................................................................579 THE THEATRE OF POWER: STATE CEREMONY AND FEASTS OF THE DUBROVNIK REPUBLIC IN THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Summary Just as much as iconography is an essential prerequisite for a successful interpretation of a work of art, so is the knowledge of state ceremony for a thorough understanding of a society and its political structure. In the pre-mass media era, the states conveyed information and messages on their principles of government, values and policy both to their subjects and to foreign spectators by means of symbolic language through public rituals. This book will attempt to reconstruct the political ceremony of the Dubrovnik Republic, with emphasis on the actual orchestration and performance. The author centres on the public rituals regulated or subsidized to a certain extent by the state. Less emphasis is laid on the rituals the nature of which was predominantly liturgical and whose production remained utterly within the church. A clear-cut line between state ritual and non- institutional presentations was not always evident, and such an easily penetrable membrane allowed the analysis to sway between the realms of social practices of various kinds. The subject-matter covers the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the two final centuries of the Dubrovnik Republic, the period which is best documented. The continuity of custom and tradition of public rituals was something the state prided itself on before foreigners, but equally so a means of convincing its own subjects that the political system had crystallized into a definite and unchanging form. Such immanent conservatism necessitated the study of earlier periods in search of the beginnings and previous phases of certain ritual forms. Some rituals owe their shaping to certain occasions and are thus datable, yet most are 579 the result of the centuries-old sedimentation. However, in order to suit the times and the political priorities of the state propaganda, established rituals were often subject to minor alterations, additions or were stripped of particular inconvenient details. In the main, medieval state rituals were moulded and passed on through custom. A more systematic approach to protocol, as evidenced in fifteenth-century Europe, came as a result of the growing concern for more formal behaviour patterns. The new European ceremonialism of the Renaissance was marked by overly state concern to define its political identity and to emit a legible and consistent picture of itself. Such political environment gave birth to a figure of the ceremony master, a professional who memorized the procedure and acted accordingly in official situations. His accounts containing descriptions and examples paved the way for ceremony manuals that began to appear throughout Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. Dubrovnik (state) cere¬ mony acquired a clearer framework with the consolidation of the insti¬ tutional system and foreign policy in the fifteenth century. The first written recordatio of the public ceremony governing the behaviour of the rector and the Minor Council dates from this period (1448), along with the introduction of an official calendar of the state feasts. Within the modest administrative apparatus of the Dubrovnik state, concern for ceremony and its professionalization was of a somewhat later date: the ceremony master (magister ceremoniarum) emerges as late as 1676, and the first Book of Ceremony (Ceremoniale) came into use at the turn of the seventeenth century. The Book makes no attempt to codify the protocol in its entirety, but should rather be viewed as an aid to human remembrance, insisting on controversial issues and omitting the com¬ monplaces. Hence the author s study is based on many other sources as well, from the decisions of the Ragusan institutions to expenditure lists, observations and accounts made by foreign visitors and literary works. The first section of the book introduces the protagonists of the state ceremony: rector and the Minor Council, a body of eleven patricians elected for a term of one year. The author examines the protocol duties, entourage, dress code and the insignia. The combination of a short term of office (one month) and limited authority delegated to the elected 580 rector left him with fairly restricted political powers. His role in the protocol, however, proved significant. Through the image of rector, an abstract state attained a concrete shape in the public rituals: this ac¬ counts for the rector s focal figure in the state ceremony and the composition of the Book of Ceremony, as it was written from the perspective of the rectorial duties and functions. The author shows how the office of rector, despite limited powers and authority, brought considerable social prestige thanks mostly to the protocol privileges. On many ceremonial occasions, however, the rector was expected to withhold himself: he was not allowed to leave the residence as and when he desired, he was to refuse politely the invitations of foreign visitors, and was allowed to sit at the banquets only on certain occasions. This logic was designed to protect the ceremony from becoming worn out by routine and dragged into banality. The protocol duties of the rector and the Minor Council, as well as the inaugural rituals of the high-ranking officials of the state, were part of Dubrovnik s everyday life and daily rhythm. Yet midst this regu¬ lar flow, there were rituals whose effect might be characterized as syncopal — rare occasions pregnant with symbolism of political power, its nature and values. The author thus analyzes four state funerals of the persons who stood at the head of the state (rector), administrative ap¬ paratus (state secretary), and church structures (archbishop, the bishop of Ston). By the eighteenth century, a distinction between private and public funeral with the use of effigies became apparent. With regard to this element, a parallel is being drawn with Venice and other European states, with emphasis on the similarities and differences. Dubrovnik state also employed the public ritual to convey crime and punishment, threats to the peace and legal order, and the measures it took to defend itself. Enactment of the public announcement of the death punishment was one of the forms which the author compares to that mentioned in Constitutio criminalis Carolina from the sixteenth century. Penal policy in the societies of the Ancien Régime could not count on efficient repression, and thus turned to enacted executions. Public and ritual punishment (disgrace procession with the culprit mounted on a donkey backwards, exposure at Orlando s Column, mutilation, execution 581 and exposure of the corps) were intended to intimidate and through ritual reaffirm the social peace and order. The author focuses her attention on the Ragusan practice of effigy hanging, present in Europe of the time. It represented the answer to an inherent ritual need to present the punishment in a concrete form, yet making certain that the ritual was not too often repeated so as to prevent the authorities which had difficulty in coping with real criminals from being ridiculed. The following section discusses the occasions, governed by the offici¬ al protocol, that involved church dignitaries, diplomatic representatives and foreign guests. The complex ritual of archbishop s entry in the diocese has been most thoroughly examined, for it was articulated with a refined sense for the symbolism of space and perfect timing. Ragusan relations with the Ottoman Empire rested upon a most colourful procedure surrounding the departure of the Ragusan tribute envoys to the Porte, elaborately orchestrated through several acts staged on different locations. The analysis of various situations from the diplomatic protocol and the Republic s relations with foreign representatives in Dubrovnik has brought to light two extremes: inertia and virtually complete absence of any effort spotted with paroxysms caused by diplomatic manoeuvres. In addition to the thorny relations with the arms governor dispatched from Naples and the Austrian imperial resident, the Republic showed equal concern for the issue of the passage of foreign officials across its land (the Turks) or sea (the Venetians), especially if they travelled incognito. Two sections address the issue of the state presents (type, value, etc.), along with the use of food and beverage in the state protocol (banquets, gifts). The second part of the book deals with the rituals which marked the annual cycle of seasons and days — the feasts. The ceremony on these occasions was attuned to religious practices and liturgical rites. Yet the celebration of the holy days often involved performances with most complex messages of power, order and social paradigm, of trials and victory, of the wrath of saints and their protection. The calendar of the Ragusan state has been shaped after the roster of the Catholic church year. However, the thirteenth, and particularly the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries, witnessed a boom of new feasts 582 designed to stamp into collective memory a significant but often traumatic event of communal importance: outbursts of plague, earth¬ quakes, attempts at coup d état and political threats from the outside. Obscured by the thick layers of the religious foreground, it is thanks to historical analysis that their actual nature has come to light. By con¬ trast, the seventeenth and eighteenth century introduced feasts which specifically commemorate the moments of serious crisis, in which the state, more confidently and more independently, featured as a creator of its own memory. The Counter Reformation and the spreading of the cults and piety practiced by the Jesuits left a visible stamp on Dubrov- nik s state calendar. The author centres her attention on the celebration of Saint Blaise, Dubrovnik s patron and protector, in which she detects many layers and diverse elements of syncretism. In the chapter devoted to the feast processions, the author illuminates their articulation in space and the use of relics. The conclusions provided within some of the chapters and sum¬ marized at the end of the book show how, on the basis of state protocol, one is able to outline the self-presentation of the Dubrovnik state, the message it wished to convey on its values, order and the social paradigm. It is an image of a meta-reality, a constructed reality intertwined with ideology and propaganda. One could say that Europe shared common ceremonial semantics, equally understandable to all. It consisted of a list of rules and procedures carrying a particular meaning that was clearly articulated in the Ragusan practice: symmetry, simultaneity, equality, reciprocity, the principle of time priority, the principle of the right-hand side, in the focus of the ceremony, seniority. The combination of these and other elements of the protocol gave way to situational communication. Practically all state rituals were performed out-of-doors, intended for the subjects to witness. This not only guaranteed sizable audience, but offered a symbolic urban frame as well. Typical forms characteristic of a number of state rituals were: a tableau vivant consisting of the rector and the Minor Council staged in front of the Rector s Palace, procession (rector s exit from the Palace, festive procession, state funeral, degrading procession), welcome and farewell rituals (the ceremony of the arrival of a new archbishop in the diocese, departure of the tribute envoys on their 583 mission to Constantinople, and the procession seeing the culprit off to the place of execution). State rituals tended to lean on popular tradition and customs governing the work of certain craft guilds. By incorporating these elements into its structure, the state ceremony gained in stability and thus managed to survive the social ebbs and flows. Public rituals were intended to establish communication with the subjects and were essential for the process of internalization of social values and the acquisition of good customs, behaviour codes and tradition. By the period marked by Venetian rule (early thirteenth century to mid-fourteenth century), certain public rituals, such as the instalment of the rector, had already been introduced and were regularly performed. With the lesser dependence from foreign rule, the shaping of the public rituals and the state protocol tended to become a domestic matter. According to the image it wished to create, the Republic drew on the practice of others in its endeavours to master the contemporary lan¬ guage of the protocol. Independence and the growing self-consciousness required new ceremonial forms, which the Republic mainly borrowed from the rich ritual heritage produced and performed in Europe. A daily inflow of confidential and updated information of the others help¬ ed Dubrovnik adapt to a foreign party (e.g. the Turks), but equally so express itself, being fully aware of the goal and purpose it wished to attain. Receptivity and the ability to adopt ideas, customs, signs and patterns seen elsewhere reflect the ambition of a young state striving to be recognized and understood in the international environment. From the medieval period to the Republic s sunset, ceremonial forms tend to lose in diversity. Creativity gave way to absolute predictability and even fossilization of public events. The spirit of conservatism, observable in all spheres of political practice, also marked the protocol of Dubrovnik in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Although Ragusan ceremony from this period cannot be described as Baroque in the manner performed at many European courts of the day, yet certain Baroque attributes seem to underlie its spirit. Similarly this period saw the theatricalization of the Ragusan ceremony. In order to convey the message of the abstract, some rituals turned to acting and illusionism. 584 Examples of this abound and appear in a variety of rituals. Particularly interesting is the use of effigies in funeral rituals and executions. The text is supplemented with the calendars of the public feasts and the drawings of procession itineraries. Also appended is a selection from the documents, mainly in Italian. 585
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geographic	Dubrovnik (DE-588)4013176-2 gnd
geographic_facet	Dubrovnik
id	DE-604.BV036082214
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-12-20T14:06:26Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9789531548533
language	Croatian
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018973263
oclc_num	644059093
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR
owner_facet	DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR
physical	591 S. Ill.
publishDate	2009
publishDateSearch	2009
publishDateSort	2009
publisher	Hrvatska Akad. Znanosti i Umjetnosti, Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti u Dubrovniku
record_format	marc
series	Posebna izdanja
series2	Posebna izdanja : Serija Monografije / Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti u Dubrovniku
spellingShingle	Lonza, Nella 1959- Kazalište vlasti ceremonijal i državni blagdani Dubrovačke Republike u 17. i 18. stoljeću Posebna izdanja Zeremonie Motiv (DE-588)4311995-5 gnd Zeremonie (DE-588)4190741-3 gnd Theatralik (DE-588)4375533-1 gnd Fest Motiv (DE-588)4154159-5 gnd Nationalfeiertag (DE-588)4171213-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4311995-5 (DE-588)4190741-3 (DE-588)4375533-1 (DE-588)4154159-5 (DE-588)4171213-4 (DE-588)4013176-2
title	Kazalište vlasti ceremonijal i državni blagdani Dubrovačke Republike u 17. i 18. stoljeću
title_auth	Kazalište vlasti ceremonijal i državni blagdani Dubrovačke Republike u 17. i 18. stoljeću
title_exact_search	Kazalište vlasti ceremonijal i državni blagdani Dubrovačke Republike u 17. i 18. stoljeću
title_full	Kazalište vlasti ceremonijal i državni blagdani Dubrovačke Republike u 17. i 18. stoljeću Nella Lonza
title_fullStr	Kazalište vlasti ceremonijal i državni blagdani Dubrovačke Republike u 17. i 18. stoljeću Nella Lonza
title_full_unstemmed	Kazalište vlasti ceremonijal i državni blagdani Dubrovačke Republike u 17. i 18. stoljeću Nella Lonza
title_short	Kazalište vlasti
title_sort	kazaliste vlasti ceremonijal i drzavni blagdani dubrovacke republike u 17 i 18 stoljecu
title_sub	ceremonijal i državni blagdani Dubrovačke Republike u 17. i 18. stoljeću
topic	Zeremonie Motiv (DE-588)4311995-5 gnd Zeremonie (DE-588)4190741-3 gnd Theatralik (DE-588)4375533-1 gnd Fest Motiv (DE-588)4154159-5 gnd Nationalfeiertag (DE-588)4171213-4 gnd
topic_facet	Zeremonie Motiv Zeremonie Theatralik Fest Motiv Nationalfeiertag Dubrovnik
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018973263&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018973263&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV000023529
work_keys_str_mv	AT lonzanella kazalistevlasticeremonijalidrzavniblagdanidubrovackerepublikeu17i18stoljecu

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Inhaltsverzeichnis