Necessary evils: amnesties and the search for justice
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018968594&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Umfang: | XXI, 352 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780521895255 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE PAGE XIII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XVII
A B B R E V I A T I O NS A ND L E G AL TERMS XIX
OPENING CONSIDERATIONS: ON THE PERENNIAL RELEVANCE OF AMNESTIES 1
PART I: THE DEBATE ON AMNESTIES 10
1. INTRODUCTION 10
2. DEFINING AMNESTY 12
3. AMNESTIES AND THE FIGHT AGAINST IMPUNITY 17
3.1 TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND AMNESTY 18
3.2 THE LESSER-EVIL ARGUMENT AND THE LIMITS OF TRIAL IMPACT 23
3.3 EVALUATING THE LEGITIMACY AND IMPACT OF AMNESTIES 24
3.4 CONCLUSION 31
4. AMNESTIES AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 32
4.1 TREATY SOURCES EXPLICITLY RELATED TO AMNESTY 32
4.2 TREATY SOURCES IMPLICITLY RELATED TO AMNESTY 36
4.3 NONTREATY SOURCES EXPLICITLY RELATED TO AMNESTY 43
4.4 INTERNATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE EXPLICITLY RELATED TO AMNESTIES 47
4.4.1 UN TREATY BODIES 48
4.4.2 REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COURTS AND COMMISSIONS 48
4.4.3 INTERNATIONAL AND HYBRID CRIMINAL COURTS 50
IMAGE 2
VIII C O N T E N TS
4.5 OTHER LEGAL RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS 54
4.5.1 WHETHER THE RIGHT TO AMNESTY IS UNTOUCHED BY EXPLICIT PROSECUTION
COMMITMENTS 55
4.5.2 WHETHER THERE ARE COUNTERVAILING OBLIGATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE
SAME VIOLATIONS 56
4.5.3 WHETHER THERE ARE CONFLICTING STATE OBLIGATIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT
HUMAN RIGHTS 63
4.6 LEGAL DEFENSES 65
4.7 THE QUESTION OF LIMITATIONS AND DEROGATIONS 68
4.8 RECONCILING INTERNATIONAL LEGAL NORMS 70
5. AMNESTIES AND THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT 73
5.1 BACKGROUND ON THE I CC 73
5.2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT AMNESTIES AND THE I CC 75
5.3 SPECIFIC ROME STATUTE PROVISIONS RELATED TO AMNESTY 80
5.4 THE I CC IN UGANDA 84
5.5 CONCLUSION 87
6. THE EVOLVING UN POSITION ON AMNESTIES 88
6.1 LEGAL QUESTIONS ABOUT THE UN POSITION 92
6.2 POLICY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE UN POSITION 93
6.2.1 THE MEDIATION INFLUENCE ARGUMENT 94
6.2.2 THE BURDEN-OF-PERSUASION ARGUMENT 96
6.2.3 THE PRACTICAL GUIDANCE ARGUMENT 99
6.2.4 THE COUNTERWEIGHT ARGUMENT 100
6.2.5 THE RIGID AND PRINCIPLED STAND ARGUMENT 102
6.2.6 THE DETERRENCE OF VIOLENCE ARGUMENT 104
6.2.7 THE ETHICS AND RULE OF LAW ARGUMENT 105
6.3 ALTERNATIVES TO THE CURRENT UN POSITION 106
7. CONCLUSIONS 108
PART II: THE DESIGN OF AMNESTIES 110
1. INTRODUCTION 110
2. LAST RECOURSE THRESHOLD 112
2.1 EXISTENCE OF AN URGENT AND GRAVE SITUATION 112
2.2 EXHAUSTION OF APPROPRIATE OPTIONS TO END THE URGENT AND GRAVE
SITUATION 113
2.3 EXHAUSTION OF LENIENCY OPTIONS SHORT OF AMNESTY TO END THE BLACKMAIL
118
3. OVERARCHING PARAMETERS FOR AMNESTY DESIGN 122
3.1 A LEGITIMATE PROCESS 122
3.2 M I N I M UM LEGAL ENTRENCHMENT 126
3.3 LEGITIMATE END 126
IMAGE 3
C O N T E N TS
3.4 M I N I M UM LENIENCY 127
3.5 MAXIMUM CONDITIONS 128
3.6 MAXIMUM VIABILITY 129
3.6.1 TYPOLOGY OF CONTEXT AND AMNESTY BENEFICIARIES 130
3.6.2 TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MEASURES 131
3.6.3 FEATURES OF THE BROADER SETTLEMENT 135
4. SPECIFIC AMNESTY DESIGN CHOICES 137
4.1 M I N I M UM LEGAL ENTRENCHMENT 138
4.1.1 NATURE OF LEGAL INSTRUMENT 139
4.1.2 WHETHER PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY IN CHARACTER 140
4.1.3 RELATION BETWEEN AMNESTY AND OTHER LAWS 142
4.2 LEGITIMATE END 143
4.2.1 EXPLICIT OBJECTIVES MENTIONED IN THE PREAMBLE 143
4.2.2 REFERENCES TO SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 144
4.3 M I N I M UM LENIENCY 144
4.3.1 THE CRIMES OR ACTS THAT ARE EXPRESSLY ELIGIBLE OR INELIGIBLE 145
4.3.1.1 POLITICAL VERSUS ORDINARY OFFENSES DISTINCTION 145
4.3.1.2 EXPRESS EXCLUSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CRIMES 148
4.3.1.3 EXPRESS EXCLUSION OF CRIMES MOTIVATED BY GREED 149 4.3.1.4
EXPRESS EXCLUSION OF CRIMES MOTIVATED BY MALICE 150 4.3.1.5 EXPRESS
EXCLUSION OF SELECTED CONTEXT-SPECIFIC CRIMES 150
4.3.2 THE PERSONS WHO ARE EXPRESSLY ELIGIBLE OR INELIGIBLE 151
4.3.2.1 DISTINCTIONS ACCORDING TO AFFILIATIONS AND SUBAFFILIATIONS 152
4.3.2.2 DISTINCTIONS ACCORDING TO RANK 154
4.3.2.3 DISTINCTIONS ACCORDING TO FORMS OF CRIMINAL PARTICIPATION 155
4.3.2.4 EXPRESS EXCLUSION OF BENEFICIARIES OF PRIOR AMNESTIES 156
4.3.2.5 EXPRESS EXCLUSION OF FOREIGN MERCENARIES 156
4.3.2.6 EXPRESS EXCLUSION OF SPECIFIC INDIVIDUALS 156
4.3.3 EXPRESS LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF GRANT OF AMNESTY FOR THE BENEFICIARY
157
4.3.3.1 IMMUNITY OF INDIVIDUAL FROM PROSPECTIVE FORMS OF LIABILITY 157
4.3.3.2 EFFECT ON ONGOING INVESTIGATIONS, SUBPOENAS, WARRANTS, AND
TRIALS 158
4.3.3.3 EFFECT ON PRIOR JUDGMENTS AND SENTENCES 159
4.3.3.4 EFFECT ON PERSONAL RECORDS 160
4.3.3.5 EFFECT ON THIRD PARTIES 161
IMAGE 4
X C O N T E N TS
4.3.3.6 VARIATION IN LEGAL CONSEQUENCES DEPENDING ON CRIME OR RANK 161
4.3.4 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION 162
4.3.5 TEMPORAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION 163
4.4 MAXIMUM CONDITIONS 164
4.4.1 CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING INDIVIDUAL GRANTS OF AMNESTY 164 4.4.1.1
REQUIREMENT TO SUBMIT AN INDIVIDUAL APPLICATION 164
4.4.1.2 REQUIREMENT TO MEET APPLICATION DEADLINE 165
4.4.1.3 REQUIREMENT OF FULL AND ACCURATE DISCLOSURE OF CRIMES 166
4.4.1.4 REQUIREMENT OF APOLOGY 167
4.4.1.5 REQUIREMENT OF PUBLIC HEARING 168
4.4.1.6 REQUIREMENT TO PARTICIPATE IN TRADITION-BASED JUSTICE PROCESS
168
4.4.1.7 REQUIREMENT OF RESTITUTION AND COMMUNITY SERVICE 169
4.4.1.8 REQUIREMENT OF RELOCATION AND SUPERVISION 170
4.4.1.9 REQUIREMENT OF D DR PARTICIPATION 170
4.4.1.10 REQUIREMENT OF RENUNCIATION OF VIOLENCE 171
4.4.1.11 REQUIREMENT OF RELEASE OF HOSTAGES AND PRISONERS OF WAR 172
4.4.1.12 REQUIREMENT OF COOPERATION WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES 172
4.4.2 CONDITIONS FOR RETAINING INDIVIDUAL GRANTS OF AMNESTY 172 4.4.2.1
REQUIREMENT OF NONBREACH OF AMNESTY'S PRECONDITIONS 172
4.4.2.2 REQUIREMENT OF NONRECIDIVISM 173
4.4.2.3 REQUIREMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH PROSPECTIVE PROHIBITIONS 173
4.4.2.4 PARALLEL REQUIREMENT OF PLEDGES BY THE LARGER GROUP 174
4.5 MAXIMUM VIABILITY 174
4.5.1 THE SUPERVISORY BODY AND ITS MANDATE 175
4.5.2 CONTESTATION OF INDIVIDUAL AMNESTIES BY VICTIMS 178
4.5.3 CONTESTATION OF INDIVIDUAL AMNESTIES BY REJECTED APPLICANTS 179
5. CONCLUSIONS 180
IMAGE 5
C O N T E N TS XI
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: ON THE PERENNIAL CONTESTATION OF AMNESTIES 183
APPENDIX 1 : SUMMARY G U I D E L I N ES F OR EFFECTIVE AMNESTY D E S I
GN 189
APPENDIX 2: SELECTED EXCERPTS F R OM I N T E R N A T I O N AL L E G AL
INSTRUMENTS 192
APPENDIX 3: SELECTED EXCERPTS F R OM J U R I S P R U D E N CE ON
AMNESTIES 196
NOTES 249
INDEX 347 |
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| spelling | Freeman, Mark 1968- Verfasser (DE-588)137159617 aut Necessary evils amnesties and the search for justice Mark Freeman 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2009 XXI, 352 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index "This book is about amnesties for grave international crimes that states adopt in moments of transition or social unrest. The subject is naturally controversial, especially in the age of the International Criminal Court. The goal of this book is to reframe and revitalize the global debate on the subject and to offer an original framework for resolving amnesty dilemmas when they arise." "Most existing literature and jurisprudence on amnesties deal with only a small subset of state practice and sidestep the ambiguity of amnesty's position under international law. This book addresses the ambiguity head on and argues that amnesties of the broadest scope are sometimes defensible when adopted as a last recourse in contexts of mass violence. Drawing on an extensive amnesty database, the book offers detailed guidance on how to ensure that amnesties extend the minimum leniency possible, while imposing the maximum accountability on the beneficiaries."--BOOK JACKET. Amnesty International offenses Transitional justice Amnestie (DE-588)4142231-4 gnd rswk-swf Völkerrechtliches Verbrechen (DE-588)4204241-0 gnd rswk-swf Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 gnd rswk-swf Völkerrechtliches Verbrechen (DE-588)4204241-0 s Amnestie (DE-588)4142231-4 s Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 s DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018968594&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Freeman, Mark 1968- Necessary evils amnesties and the search for justice Amnesty International offenses Transitional justice Amnestie (DE-588)4142231-4 gnd Völkerrechtliches Verbrechen (DE-588)4204241-0 gnd Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4142231-4 (DE-588)4204241-0 (DE-588)4175047-0 |
| title | Necessary evils amnesties and the search for justice |
| title_auth | Necessary evils amnesties and the search for justice |
| title_exact_search | Necessary evils amnesties and the search for justice |
| title_full | Necessary evils amnesties and the search for justice Mark Freeman |
| title_fullStr | Necessary evils amnesties and the search for justice Mark Freeman |
| title_full_unstemmed | Necessary evils amnesties and the search for justice Mark Freeman |
| title_short | Necessary evils |
| title_sort | necessary evils amnesties and the search for justice |
| title_sub | amnesties and the search for justice |
| topic | Amnesty International offenses Transitional justice Amnestie (DE-588)4142231-4 gnd Völkerrechtliches Verbrechen (DE-588)4204241-0 gnd Politischer Wandel (DE-588)4175047-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Amnesty International offenses Transitional justice Amnestie Völkerrechtliches Verbrechen Politischer Wandel |
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