Verfügbarkeit: Foundations of comparative politics | Technische Universität München

Foundations of comparative politics: democracies of the modern world

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteiligte Personen:	Newton, Kenneth 1940- (VerfasserIn), Deth, Jan W. van 1950- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2010
Ausgabe:	2. ed.
Schriftenreihe:	Cambridge textbooks in comparative politics
Schlagwörter:	Comparative government Democracy Representative government and representation Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft Demokratie
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017730441&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Beschreibung:	Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
Umfang:	XXXII, 439 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
ISBN:	9780521136792 9780521199889

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents List of briefings page xviii List of fad files xx List of controversies xxi List of tables xxii List of figures xxiii Preface to the second edition xxiv Acknowledgements xxv List of abbreviations and acronyms xxvi Key terms and concepts xxviii How to use this book xxix Introduction 1 Why comparative politics? 1 Understanding our own country 1 Understanding other countries 2 Constructing valid generalisations 2 The strengths and weakness of cross-national comparative political science 4 The pros and cons of cross-national comparative politics 5 It cannot answer questions of values 5 It lacks evidence 5 It deals in probabilities not certainties or laws б It suffers trom the fetal flaw that what it can measure is not worth studying б Every country in the world is unique so comparisons are impossible 7 The themes that run through the book - what to watch for 8 The importance of institutions 9 History matters 9 The social and economic basis of politics 9 vu Contents Politics matters 1° From a mass of detail to general types 10 PARTI The state: origins and development 11 1 The development of the modern state 13 What is a state? 14 Territory, people and sovereignty 19 The rise of the modern state 23 Historical origins and development 23 State formation and nation building 24 Catalysts: warfare and capitalism 26 Growth after 1945 28 State theories 29 Constitutional approaches 30 Ethical and moral approaches 30 Conflict approaches 30 Pluralist approaches 31 Other theories 31 What have we learned? 31 Lessons of comparison 32 Projects 32 Further reading 33 Websites 33 2 States and democracy 34 Why study states 35 The modern state and democracy 39 Citizens rights 39 Elections and parliamentary accountability 40 Democracy and the rise of democratic states 41 Redistribution and the welfare state 46 Theories of state and society 47 State supremacy 47 State dependency 48 Interdependency 49 Separation and autonomy 49 What have we learned? 50 Lessons of comparison 50 Projects 51 Further reading 51 Websites 52 viii Contents 3 Democratic change and persistence 53 Transitions towards democracy 54 The limits of démocratisation 57 Embedded, partial and defective democracies 59 Theories of democratic change and persistence 63 What have we learned? 65 Lessons of comparison 65 Projects 66 Further reading 66 Websites 67 PART II The polity: structures and institutions 69 4 Constitutions 71 What a constitution is, and why we have them 72 The separation of powers 75 Executives 75 Legislatures 76 Judiciaries 79 Judicial activism 81 Unitary and federal states 82 The limits of constitutionalism 82 Constitutional and institutional theories 83 The old constitutionalism 83 The new constitutionalism 85 The new institutionalism 86 What have we learned? 88 Lessons of comparison 89 Projects 89 Further reading 90 Websites 90 5 Presidential and parliamentary government 91 Presidential systems 92 Parliamentary systems 94 Semi-presidential systems 96 Presidential, parliamentary and semi-presidential systems compared 97 Theories of parliamentary, presidential and semi-presidential government 99 What have we learned? 102 IX Contents The lessons of comparison 102 Projects 103 Further reading 103 Websites 103 6 Multi-level government international, national and sub-national 105 Supra-national and international government 107 Confederations 107 The European Union: federation or confederation? 109 The national level: federal and unitary states 109 Geographically large countries 111 Countries with markedly different geographical regions 112 Unitary and federal systems in practice 114 Local government 117 Central-local political conflict 119 Democracy, size and efficiency 120 Restructuring local government 122 The interplay of multi-level government: the case of the EU 125 The arguments for and against centralisation and decentralisation 125 Arguments for centralisation 126 Theories of multi-level government 127 Philosophical and political theories: Mill and Tocqueville 127 Pluralist theory 127 Economic theories 128 Centre-periphery relations 129 What have we learned? 130 Lessons of comparison 131 Projects 131 Further reading 132 Websites 132 7 Policy making and legislating: executives and legislatures 134 Making laws: executives and legislatures 135 The rise of executives 136 Increasing power of executives? 139 The functions of legislatures 141 Representation of public opinion 141 Legitimation 142 Contents Law making 142 Scrutiny of the executive and the administration 142 Legislative committees 144 Theories of democratic institutions: consenus and majoritarian systems 146 Majoritarian democracy, or the Westminster model 146 Consensus democracy 148 What have we learned? 149 Lessons of comparison 149 Projects 150 Further reading 150 Websites 150 8 Implementation: the public bureaucracy 152 The organisation of the state bureaucracy 153 Policy making and administration 157 The dictatorship of the official? 158 The power of the official 158 Mechanisms of control 159 The New Public Management: reinventing government 160 Privatisation and market efficiency 160 Empowerment 161 Theories of public bureaucracy 161 The rational-legal ideal-type 161 Clientelism 163 The new right, rational choice and the New Public Management 164 What have we learned? 166 Lessons of comparison 166 Projects 167 Further reading 167 Websites 168 PART 111 Citizens, elites and interest mediation 169 9 Political attitudes and behaviour 171 Political attitudes 172 Political interests and identity 172 Political culture 173 The civic culture 175 Materialism and post-materialism 177 Sub-cultures and elite cultures 179 Xl Contents Political cleavages 180 Different cleavage lines 181 Cleavages in countries and world regions 183 Political behaviour 184 Modes of political behaviour 185 Conventional and unconventional political behaviour 187 Patterns of political behaviour 187 Theories of political attitudes and behaviour 193 Marxist and class theory 193 Elite theory 193 Rational-choice theory 194 Social capital theory and civic participation 195 What have we learned? 195 Lessons of comparison 196 Projects 196 Further reading 197 Websites 197 10 Pressure groups and social movements 198 Political connections 199 Voluntary organisations and pressure groups 199 Pressure groups and political parties 201 Social movements 203 Pressure groups and social movements in action 205 Groups and issues 206 The nature of government 207 Determinants of power 210 Group features 211 The political environment 212 Corporatism, para-government and tri-partism/ pluralism 213 Corporatism 213 Para-government 214 Tri-partism/pluralism 215 International NGOs 216 Groups, pressure groups and democracy 216 Theories of voluntary organisations 217 Pluralism 217 Marxist/elitist theory 219 Social capital and civil society theory 220 What have we learned? 221 Lessons of comparison 221 Projects 222 xii Contents Further reading 222 Websites 223 11 The mass media 224 The mass media and democracy 225 Regulating the media 227 The public service model 227 The market model 229 Ownership and control 233 The impact of the new media technology: globalisation and E-politics 234 Theories of the mass media 239 What have we learned? 242 Lessons of comparison 243 Projects 243 Futher reading 244 Websites 244 12 Voters and elections 245 Elections 246 Democratic elections 246 Voting systems 246 Voting turnout 250 Declining turnout? 251 Determinants of election turnout 252 Party voting 254 Economic voting and stratification 255 Religious voting 256 Other voting patterns 258 New party voting patterns 258 Tradition and change in Mexico 260 Theories of voting 261 Sociological approaches: the Columbia school 261 Psychological approaches: the Michigan school 262 Rational choice 263 What have we learned? 265 Lessons of comparison 265 Projects 266 Further reading 266 Websites 266 13 Party government 268 Partv organisation 269 xiii Contents New parties and movements 271 Party systems and party families 272 Party families 272 Party systems 273 One-party and coalition government 276 Coalition government 277 Coalitions and government effectiveness 280 Parties and democracy 281 Theories of parties 281 The iron law of oligarchy 281 Duverger s law 283 Coalition theory 284 Majoritarian and consensus government revisited 285 What have we learned? 286 Lessons of comparison 287 Projects 287 Further reading 288 Websites 288 PART «V Policies and performance 289 14 Political ideologies: conservatism, liberalism, Christian democracy and socialism 291 The nature of ideology 292 Four democratic ideologies 294 Conservatism 294 Liberalism 297 Christian democracy 299 Socialism and social democracy 302 Three minor schools of thought 304 Nationalism 304 Green political thought 305 Populism 307 Theories of ideology 307 Marxist and neo-Marxist theories 308 Material and non-material interests 309 The end of ideology and the end of history 310 What have we learned? 311 Lessons of comparison 312 Projects 312 Further reading 313 Websites 313 xiv Contents 15 Decision making 315 Public policies: their nature and importance 316 Goals and results 316 The nature of policy-making processes 316 The public policy cycle 318 Agenda setting 318 Decision making 321 Choice of means 322 Implementation 323 Outputs and outcomes 324 Evaluation and feedback 324 Public policy structures 325 Corporatism 326 Pluralism 328 Theories of decision making 331 The rational-comprehensive model 331 The incremental model 333 What have we learned? 334 Lessons of comparison 334 Projects 335 Further reading 335 Websites 336 16 Defence and security 337 The state and security 338 Defence and national security 339 Conflict resolution 339 Just wars 341 Military expenditure 342 Internal law and order 345 Law enforcement 345 Crime, punishment and prevention 346 Other forms of protection 349 Information 349 Certification 349 Permission 349 Product safety 350 The limitations of state security 350 Terrorism 351 International crime 352 Corruption 352 The limits of state power 352 Theories of security and conflict 353 The origins of conflict 354 XV Contents 354 Realism and idealism 355 Policy communities The military-industrial complex 35 What have we learned? 356 357 Lessons of comparison Projects M/ Further reading Websites 358 17 Welfare 360 Welfare states and redistribution 361 Social security 363 Social security and social expenditure 363 Comparing social security systems 36 The level of social expenditure 36 The composition of social expenditure 366 Trends in social expenditure Pensions and health programmes Pensions 371 Health 372 Social security and taxation J Theories of the welfare state J Conflict-oriented approaches Functionalist explanations 3 rvin Institutional approaches International and transnational dependencies 379 What have we learned? 380 Lessons of comparison Projects 381 Further reading 381 Websites 382 18 The future of the democratic state 383 States and sovereignty 385 Conventional states, proto-states and supra-national states 385 Challenges to the state 387 The retreat of the state? 390 Democracy without borders 392 The quality of democracy 392 Reform of state and government 393 The future 396 What have we learned? 397 xvi Contents Lessons of comparison 398 Projects 398 Further reading 399 Websites 399 Postscript: How and what to compare? 400 Comparing many or a few countries? 401 Comparing many cases 402 Comparing a few cases 404 Selecting comparable countries 405 How many countries is enough? 408 Comparing apples and oranges 410 Looking for more abstract concepts 411 Looking for equivalent concepts 412 What have we learned? 413 Projects 414 Further reading 414 Websites 415 Glossary ofkey terms 416 Index of names 430 Index of subjects 433 xvii
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spellingShingle	Newton, Kenneth 1940- Deth, Jan W. van 1950- Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world Comparative government Democracy Representative government and representation Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft (DE-588)4137685-7 gnd Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4137685-7 (DE-588)4011413-2
title	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world
title_auth	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world
title_exact_search	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world
title_full	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world Ken Newton and Jan W. van Deth
title_fullStr	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world Ken Newton and Jan W. van Deth
title_full_unstemmed	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world Ken Newton and Jan W. van Deth
title_short	Foundations of comparative politics
title_sort	foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world
title_sub	democracies of the modern world
topic	Comparative government Democracy Representative government and representation Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft (DE-588)4137685-7 gnd Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 gnd
topic_facet	Comparative government Democracy Representative government and representation Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft Demokratie
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