Projects in linguistics: a practical guide to researching language
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Hodder Education
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017720670&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Ab der 3. Aufl. u.d.T.: Wray, Alison: Projects in linguistics and language studies |
| Umfang: | XII, 290 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0340905786 9780340905784 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819291273642639360 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface to second edition
xi
Why we wrote this book
xi
Who the book is for
xi
What the book does
xi
What the book doesn t do
xii
The second edition
xii
Acknowledgments
xiii
International Phonetic Alphabet
xiv
1
Introduction: starting on the right foot
1
Choosing an area
1
Getting organized
3
Using resources
5
Being a researcher
7
Theory-only projects
10
Setting up data-based research
10
Being streetwise: keeping on the right side of your assessor
14
PART I AREAS OF STUDY AND PROJECT IDEAS
2
Psycholinguistics
17
Textbooks and major journals
17
Central themes and project ideas
18
How psycholinguists conceptualize language
19
How we understand language
19
Psycholinguistics and grammatical theory
21
Lexical and structural ambiguity
22
How we produce spoken language
23
How we produce writing
26
Language and thought
27
vi
Contents
3
First-language acquisition and development
30
Approaches to research
30
Terminology
31
Textbooks and major journals
31
Things to think about
32
Accessing children
32
Working with children
33
Central themes and project ideas
34
Longitudinal case studies
34
Prelinguistic development
35
Over- and under-extension: lexical and semantic development
35
Children s morphology
36
Development of phonology and intonation
36
Comprehension of complex grammatical structures
37
Children s metalinguistic awareness
38
Colour terms
38
Carer language (or child-directed speech)
40
Conversational development
40
Sources of variation in child language
41
Literacy development
41
Developmental problems
43
Later language acquisition
43
4
Second-language acquisition
45
Terminology
45
Textbooks and major journals
46
Things to think about
47
Central themes and project ideas
48
Developmental sequences and the process of acquisition
48
Comparison of LI and L2 acquisition
48
Language-learning targets
49
Motivation
50
Grammar-based and communication-based teaching
50
Vocabulary acquisition
52
Different concepts expressed in different languages
52
Tihe
learner s approach and experience
53
Interlanguage, error analysis and
contrastive
analysis
54
Language assessment and testing
54
Bilinguals, multilinguals and polyglots
55
Language teaching policies
56
Effect of the year abroad
57
Role of the social and political status of English as L2
58
Contents
vii
5
Structure
and meaning
60
Textbooks and major journals
60
Central themes and project ideas
61
Pragmatics
61
Metaphor
63
Sentence structure
64
Words in isolation and in combination
66
Morphology and etymology
69
Punctuation
70
Correct grammar
71
6
Style in spoken and written texts
75
Textbooks and major journals
76
Central themes and project ideas
77
Sound patterns within texts
77
Lexical choice within texts
79
Grammatical structure within texts
80
Interpersonal function of texts
82
Formality and informality
84
Ideology and power
85
Authorship
87
Oral texts
87
Electronically conveyed texts
89
7
Sociolinguistics
92
Terminology and central concepts
93
Textbooks and major journals
94
Central themes and project ideas
95
Quantitative approaches
95
Social networks
96
Qualitative approaches
97
8
Language and gender
102
Terminology
102
Textbooks and major journals
103
Central themes and project ideas
103
The gender variable in linguistic research
103
Attitudes towards male and female language
104
Gender differences in accent and dialect
105
Differences in conversation and style of language use
106
Gay language
108
Explanations of difference
108
Language and sexism
109
Gender-differentiated language in first-language acquisition
110
Language, gender and education 111
viii Contents
9
Accents
and dialects of English
113
Terminology
114
Textbooks, reference sources and major journals
114
Which accent/dialect to choose
116
Obtaining data
116
What to look for in an accent
117
What to look for in a dialect
117
Possible angles and project ideas
119
Comparing the speech of three generations
119
Comparing the accents of different non-native speakers
120
Explaining why a variety has come about
121
The political dimension of a variety
121
/Accent and dialect in literature
122
Update study
123
Comparison of two varieties VIA
Things to think about
125
10
History of English
126
Textbooks, reference sources and major journals
127
Central themes and project ideas
128
Researching words and names
128
Pronunciation and spelling
131
History of English dialects
133
The profile of a feature of English across time
133
Sociopolitical trends and influences on English
133
English as a world language
134
ľne
influence of literacy on language
135
Things to think about
135
PART II TECHNIQUES FOR COLLECTING DATA
11
Audio- and video-recorded data
139
Places to get data
139
Audio or video?
139
Naturalistic data
139
Ethics and legality
139
Quality
140
How much data do you need?
140
Practicalities
141
What to submit
142
Things to think about
142
Contents ix
12 Experiments 144
What does experimentation involve?
144
Designing an experiment
146
Things to think about
148
Advantages of experimental research
150
Disadvantages of experimental research
150
13
Questionnaires, interviews and focus groups
152
Deciding if you need a questionnaire, interview or focus group
152
Common uses of interviews, focus groups and questionnaires
153
Subjects
153
Personal information, confidentiality and anonymity
154
Limitations of self-report
154
Ways of getting information
155
Things to think about
158
Questionnaires
158
Interviews
162
Focus groups
165
14
Observation and case studies
168
Observation studies
168
Case studies
170
15
Ethical considerations in research projects
173
Ethics policies and guidelines
173
The difference between confidentiality and anonymity
174
Data Protection Laws
175
PART III TOOLS FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND PROJECT WRITING
16
Transcribing speech phonetically and phonemically
179
The difference between phonetic and phonemic transcription
179
A few notes on phonemes
180
Phonetic and phonemic symbols in word processing
181
Hints on writing about pronunciation
182
Checklist of phonemes
183
17
Transcribing speech orthographically
185
How to organize the presentation of a transcription
185
Turn taking
187
Silence and non-verbal communication in conversation
188
Dealing with unusual pronunciations
189
Transcribing unclear utterances
190
Marking pitch, emphasis, volume and speed
191
χ
Contents
External events
193
Presenting the transcription
194
Presenting the audio data
195
18
Using computers to study texts
196
What is a corpus?
196
Why is a corpus useful?
196
How do corpus searches operate?
197
How do you find a corpus?
200
What are the main text analysis tools?
202
Making sense of corpus annotation
202
Using corpora effectively in your work
203
Compiling your own corpus: potential problems
203
Limitations of corpora
204
Further reading
204
19
Statistics and your project
205
Do you need graphs and calculations in your project?
205
Descriptive statistics and basic calculations
206
Using statistical analyses
213
Textbooks
217
Help for the mathematically insecure
218
Key to the most common algebraic symbols used in basic statistics
219
20
How to reference
221
Basics
221
The Harvard system
225
The Humane system
234
21
Plagiarism and how to avoid it
237
What is plagiarism?
237
Will you get found out?
238
How to avoid accidental plagiarism: some strategies
238
22
Hints on writing good academic English
252
Before you start to write
252
As you are writing
253
After you have written
254
The uses of apostrophes
255
Using punctuation
255
Other common problems
256
References
258
Index
277
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| isbn | 0340905786 9780340905784 |
| language | English |
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| spellingShingle | Wray, Alison 1960- Bloomer, Aileen 1947- Projects in linguistics a practical guide to researching language Linguistik Linguistics Research Methodology Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (DE-588)4066571-9 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074250-7 (DE-588)4066571-9 (DE-588)4038971-6 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Projects in linguistics a practical guide to researching language |
| title_auth | Projects in linguistics a practical guide to researching language |
| title_exact_search | Projects in linguistics a practical guide to researching language |
| title_full | Projects in linguistics a practical guide to researching language Alison Wray ; Aileen Bloomer |
| title_fullStr | Projects in linguistics a practical guide to researching language Alison Wray ; Aileen Bloomer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Projects in linguistics a practical guide to researching language Alison Wray ; Aileen Bloomer |
| title_short | Projects in linguistics |
| title_sort | projects in linguistics a practical guide to researching language |
| title_sub | a practical guide to researching language |
| topic | Linguistik Linguistics Research Methodology Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (DE-588)4066571-9 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Linguistik Linguistics Research Methodology Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten Methode Einführung |
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