Discovering the expanding universe:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge, UK
Cambridge Univ. Press
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017353419&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-219) and index |
| Umfang: | XVII, 226 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 26 cm |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819253023660048384 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Discovering the expanding universe
Autor: Nussbaumer, Harry
Jahr: 2009
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Foreword xi
1 Introduction 1
2 Cosmological concepts at the end of the Middle Ages 5
The spherically closed universe of antiquity and the Middle Ages 6
Cusanus and his universe without centre or boundary 10
A warning by the Church 13
Copernicus and the question of an infinite universe 14
Thomas Digges: How far do stars extend? 15
A crucial step in observational techniques 16
Kepler s finite universe and Galileo s telescope 17
Descartes: An evolving universe 21
Newton s Printipia and Bentley s sermon 24
3 Nebulae as a new astronomical phenomenon 27
Early reports on nebulae 27
Edmond Halley on several nebulae or lucid spots like clouds 29
The universes of Wright, Kant and Laplace 31
4 Ontheconstructionoftheheavens 35
Herschel corifirms and then rejects island universes 35
The Leviathan of William Parsons, the Earl of Rosse 40
Huggins applies spectroscopy on nebulae 42
On the spectrum of the great nebula in Andromeda 45
vi Contents
5 Island universes turn into astronomical facts: A universe
ofgalaxies 46
Kapteyn s Galaxy 47
Shapley s changing view of the Milky Way 48
Slipher favours island universes 56
Curtis and his novae 57
Was there a villain in the game? 58
The Great Debate 59
Öpik finds the distance to Andromeda 60
Hubble cuts the Gordian knot 60
6 The early cosmology of Einstein and de Sitter 63
Some fundamental relations 65
The static universe of Einstein 72
The static universe of de Sitter 76
De Sitter s Trojan horse 77
No energy conservation in relativistic cosmology! 85
Schwarzschild s vision of curved space 87
7 The dynamical universe of Friedmann 88
An alternative to Einstein and de Sitter 89
Einstein s rejection 92
8 Redshifts: How to reconcile Slipher and de Sitter? 93
Redshifts 93
Distances 95
Early interpretation of redshifts 96
9 Lemaitre discovers the expanding universe 99
Lemaitre, a Student of Eddington and research fellow
in Shapley s group 99
Doubts about de Sitter s choice of coordinates 101
The discovery of the expanding universe 103
The derivation of the linear velocity-distance relationship 106
Lemaitre determines the Hubble constant from observations 108
Lemaitre s interpretation of theory and observations 109
Lemaitre s debt to Friedmann 110
Einstein judges Lemaitre s interpretation as abominable 111
10 Hubble scontributionofl929 114
Hubble finds the linear velocity-distance relationship from
observations 115
Contents vii
Hubble s interpretation of the velocity-distance relationship 117
What was Hubble s motive for his 1929 investigation? 117
The reception of Hubble s discovery 118
Hubble and the expansion of the Universe 119
11 The breakthrough for the expanding universe 121
The Friday, 10 January 1930 meeting of the Royal Astronomical
Society 121
Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington 124
The spreading of the gospel 125
12 Hubble s anger about de Sitter 129
De Sitter s check on Hubble 129
Hubble s angry letter 130
Hubble and Humason enlarge the sample 134
13 Robertson and Tolman join the game 137
Robertson Starts from first principles 137
Tolman and the annihilation of matter 139
Weyl s brief return to cosmology 142
14 The Einstein-de Sitter universe 144
Einstein s conversion 144
Einstein and de Sitter agree on the structure of the Universe 149
Eddington s after dinner speech 152
15 Are the Sun and Earth older than the Universe? 153
The age of the Universe deduced from the expansion rate 153
The age of the Earth 154
The age of the Sun and the stars 154
Baade and Sandage drastically reduce the Hubble constant 156
16 In search of alternative tracks 157
Zwicky and the gravitational drag 157
Milne s static Euclidean space 158
The Steady State alternative 161
17 The seed for the Big Bang 164
Expansion out of Einstein s static State 165
Expansion out of a primeval atom: The ancestor of the Big Bang 166
A case for the cosmological constant 168
Is there a begmning to the Universe? 169
viii Contents
Is the Big Bang the origin, or a transition in a cyclic universe? 170
Dark energy: Lemaitre equates the cosmological constant A with vacuum
energy 171
18 Summary and Postscript 173
A brief recollection 173
The birth of modern cosmology 174
How different is today s cosmology 177
A glass of port 186
Mathematical Appendix 188
1 Chapter 6: The early cosmology of Einstein and de Sitter 188
Some fundamental relations 188
The static universe of Einstein 193
The static universe of de Sitter 195
De Sitter s Trojan horse 196
2 Chapter 7: The dynamical universe of Friedmann 197
3 Chapter 9: Lemaitre s discovery of the expanding universe 198
Doubts about de Sitter s choice of coordinates 198
The discovery of the expanding universe 199
4 Chapter 13: Robertson and Tolman join the game 201
Robertson Starts from first principles 201
Tolman and the annihilation of matter 203
5 Chapter 14: The Einstein-de Sitter universe 204
6 Today s presentation of fundamental cosmological relations 205
Abbreviations 209
References 210
Index 220
|
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T13:32:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017353419 |
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| physical | XVII, 226 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 26 cm |
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| spellingShingle | Nussbaumer, Harry 1935- Bieri, Lydia 1972- Discovering the expanding universe Cosmology / History Heelal gtt Geschichte Cosmology History Physikalische Theorie (DE-588)4174609-0 gnd Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd Inflationäres Weltall (DE-588)4296767-3 gnd Weltall (DE-588)4079154-3 gnd Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd Expansion (DE-588)4247031-6 gnd Urknall (DE-588)4187224-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4174609-0 (DE-588)4114294-9 (DE-588)4296767-3 (DE-588)4079154-3 (DE-588)4003311-9 (DE-588)4247031-6 (DE-588)4187224-1 |
| title | Discovering the expanding universe |
| title_auth | Discovering the expanding universe |
| title_exact_search | Discovering the expanding universe |
| title_full | Discovering the expanding universe Harry Nussbaumer, Lydia Bieri |
| title_fullStr | Discovering the expanding universe Harry Nussbaumer, Lydia Bieri |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discovering the expanding universe Harry Nussbaumer, Lydia Bieri |
| title_short | Discovering the expanding universe |
| title_sort | discovering the expanding universe |
| topic | Cosmology / History Heelal gtt Geschichte Cosmology History Physikalische Theorie (DE-588)4174609-0 gnd Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd Inflationäres Weltall (DE-588)4296767-3 gnd Weltall (DE-588)4079154-3 gnd Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd Expansion (DE-588)4247031-6 gnd Urknall (DE-588)4187224-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cosmology / History Heelal Geschichte Cosmology History Physikalische Theorie Kosmologie Inflationäres Weltall Weltall Astronomie Expansion Urknall |
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