Verfügbarkeit: Forest dynamics, growth and yield | Technische Universität München

Forest dynamics, growth and yield: from measurement to model

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteilige Person:	Pretzsch, Hans (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin[u.a.] Springer 2009
Schlagwörter:	Forest dynamics > Computer simulation Forest management Forstertrag Waldbau
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016796997&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Umfang:	XIX, 664 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt., Tab. 235 mm x 155 mm
ISBN:	9783540883067

Internformat

MARC


LEADER	00000nam a2200000 c 4500
001	BV035129471
003	DE-604
005	20091210
007	t\|
008	081030s2009 gw abd\| \|\|\|\| 00\|\|\| eng d
015			\|a 08,N39,0876 \|2 dnb
016	7		\|a 990359166 \|2 DE-101
020			\|a 9783540883067 \|c Gb. : ca. EUR 213.95 (freier Pr.), ca. sfr 348.50 (freier Pr.) \|9 978-3-540-88306-7
024	3		\|a 9783540883067
028	5	2	\|a 12093601
035			\|a (OCoLC)707477929
035			\|a (DE-599)DNB990359166
040			\|a DE-604 \|b ger \|e rakddb
041	0		\|a eng
044			\|a gw \|c XA-DE-BE
049			\|a DE-1028 \|a DE-M49 \|a DE-Eb1 \|a DE-Re12
050		0	\|a QK938.F6
050		0	\|a SD387
082	0		\|a 577.30113 \|2 22
084			\|a ZC 88100 \|0 (DE-625)155366: \|2 rvk
084			\|a FOR 200f \|2 stub
084			\|a 630 \|2 sdnb
100	1		\|a Pretzsch, Hans \|e Verfasser \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Forest dynamics, growth and yield \|b from measurement to model \|c Hans Pretzsch
264		1	\|a Berlin[u.a.] \|b Springer \|c 2009
300			\|a XIX, 664 S. \|b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt., Tab. \|c 235 mm x 155 mm
336			\|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337			\|b n \|2 rdamedia
338			\|b nc \|2 rdacarrier
650		4	\|a Forest dynamics \|x Computer simulation
650		4	\|a Forest management
650	0	7	\|a Forstertrag \|0 (DE-588)4155059-6 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Waldbau \|0 (DE-588)4064356-6 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
689	0	0	\|a Forstertrag \|0 (DE-588)4155059-6 \|D s
689	0		\|5 DE-604
689	1	0	\|a Waldbau \|0 (DE-588)4064356-6 \|D s
689	1	1	\|a Forstertrag \|0 (DE-588)4155059-6 \|D s
689	1		\|C b \|5 DE-604
856	4	2	\|m HEBIS Datenaustausch \|q application/pdf \|u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016796997&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA \|3 Inhaltsverzeichnis
943	1		\|a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016796997

Datensatz im Suchindex

DE-BY-TUM_call_number	1003 FOR 200f 2009 L 462 1004 FOR 200f 2009 A 5629
DE-BY-TUM_katkey	1698854
DE-BY-TUM_location	10
DE-BY-TUM_media_number	040050789232 040050789243 040050789254 040050789276 040050789287 040050789298 040050789312 040050789323 040050789334 040050789301 040050789265 040050787978
_version_	1821933713460559872
adam_text	HANS PRETZSCH FOREST DYNAMICS, GROWTH AND YIELD FROM MEASUREMENT TO MODEL ^J SPRINGER CONTENTS FOREST DYNAMICS, GROWTH, AND YIELD: A REVIEW, ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENT STATE, AND PERSPECTIVE 1 1.1 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS OF TREES AND FOREST STANDS 1 1.1.1 DIFFERENCES IN THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL SCALE BETWEEN TREES AND HUMANS 2 1.1.2 FOREST STANDS ARE OPEN SYSTEMS 6 1.1.3 FORESTS ARE STRONGLY STRUCTURALLY DETERMINED SYSTEMS .... 8 1.1.4 TREES, FOREST STANDS, AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS ARE SHAPED BY HISTORY 11 1.1.5 FORESTS ARE EQUIPPED WITH AND REGULATED BY CLOSED FEEDBACK LOOPS 12 1.1.6 FOREST ECOSYSTEMS ARE ORGANISED HIERARCHICALLY 14 1.1.7 FOREST STANDS ARE SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE OUTPUT VARIABLES 20 1.2 FROM FOREST STAND TO GENE LEVEL: THE ONGOING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL REFINEMENT IN ANALYSIS AND MODELLING OF TREE AND FOREST STAND DYNAMICS 21 1.2.1 EXPERIMENTS, INVENTORIES, AND MEASUREMENT OF STRUCTURES AND RATES 22 1.2.2 FROM PROXY VARIABLES TO PRIMARY FACTORS FOR EXPLANATIONS AND ESTIMATIONS OF STAND AND TREE GROWTH 24 1.2.3 FROM EARLY EXPERIENCE TABLES TO ECOPHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED COMPUTER MODELS 26 1.3 BRIDGING THE WIDENING GAP BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND PRACTICAL RELEVANCE 29 1.3.1 SCALE OVERLAPPING EXPERIMENTS 29 1.3.2 INTERDISCIPLINARY LINKS THROUGH INDICATOR VARIABLES 31 1.3.3 LINK BETWEEN EXPERIMENTS, INVENTORIES, AND MONITORING BY CLASSIFICATION VARIABLES 32 CONTENTS 1.3.4 MODEL DEVELOPMENT 33 1.3.5 LINK BETWEEN MODELS AND INVENTORIES: FROM DEDUCTIVE TO INDUCTIVE APPROACHES 35 SUMMARY 37 FROM PRIMARY PRODUCTION TO GROWTH AND HARVESTABLE YIELD AND VICE VERSA: SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS AND THE LINK BETWEEN TWO BRANCHES OF FOREST SCIENCE 41 2.1 LINK BETWEEN FOREST GROWTH AND YIELD SCIENCE AND PRODUCTION ECOLOGY , 41 2.2 GENERAL DEFINITIONS AND QUANTITIES: PRIMARY PRODUCTION, GROWTH AND YIELD 42 2.2.1 GROSS AND NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION 44 2.2.2 GROSS AND NET GROWTH 46 2.2.3 GROSS AND NET YIELD 47 2.3 SPECIFIC TERMINOLOGY AND QUANTITIES IN FOREST GROWTH AND YIELD SCIENCE 48 2.3.1 GROWTH AND YIELD OF INDIVIDUAL TREES 50 2.3.2 GROWTH AND YIELD AT THE STAND LEVEL 56 2.4 STEM AND MERCHANTABLE VOLUME GROWTH AS A PERCENTAGE OF GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION 64 2.4.1 FROM STANDING VOLUME OR STEM OR MERCHANTABLE WOOD VOLUME TO TOTAL.BIOMASS 66 2.4.2 EPHEMERAL TURNOVER FACTOR T OR I FOR ESTIMATION OF NPP .... 72 2.4.3 DERIVING HARVESTED VOLUME UNDER BARK FROM STANDING VOLUME OVER BARK 76 2.4.4 CONVERSION OF MERCHANTABLE WOOD VOLUME TO GPP 78 2.5 DEAD INNER XYLEM 81 2.6 GROWTH AND YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT 84 2.6.1 FROM TOTAL BIOMASS TO THE CARBON POOL 85 2.6.2 NUTRIENT MINERALS 85 2.7 EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY, NITROGEN, AND WATER USE 89 2.7.1 ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY (EUE) 90 2.7.2 NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY (NUE) 93 2.7.3 WATER USE EFFICIENCY (WUE) 94 SUMMARY 95 BRIEF HISTORY AND PROFILE OF LONG-TERM GROWTH AND YIELD RESEARCH 101 3.1 FROM RULES OF THUMB TO SOUND KNOWLEDGE 101 3.2 FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL FORESTRY 104 3.3 FROM THE ASSOCIATION OF GERMAN FOREST RESEARCH STATIONS TO THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF FOREST RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS (IUFRO) 105 3.4 GROWTH AND YIELD SCIENCE SECTION OF THE GERMAN UNION OF FOREST RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS 105 CONTENTS . XI 3.5 CONTINUITY IN MANAGEMENT OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENT PLOTS IN BAVARIA AS A MODEL OF SUCCESS 107 . 3.6___ SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS 110 3.7 ESTABLISHMENT AND SURVEY OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS 112 3.7.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS AND TRIAL PLOTS 112 3.7.2 MEASURING STANDING AND LYING TREES 115 SUMMARY 118 4 PLANNING FOREST GROWTH AND YIELD EXPERIMENTS 121 4. 1 KEY TERMINOLOGY IN THE DESIGN OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS 121 4.2 THE EXPERIMENTAL QUESTION AND ITS FOUR COMPONENT QUESTIONS ... 123 4.2.1 WHICH QUESTION SHOULD BE ANSWERED? 123 4.2.2 WITH WHAT LEVEL OF ACCURACY SHOULD THE QUESTION BE ANSWERED? 124 4.2.3 WHAT LEVEL OF SPATIAL-TEMPORAL RESOLUTION IS WANTED IN THE EXPLANATION? 124 4.2.4 WHY AND FOR WHAT PURPOSE SHOULD THE QUESTION BE ANSWERED? 124 4.3 BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY AND REPLICATES 125 4.3.1 TOTAL POPULATION AND SAMPLE 125 4.4 SIZE OF EXPERIMENTAL PLOT AND TRIAL PLOT NUMBER 126 4.5 BLOCK FORMATION AND RANDOMISATION: ELIMINATION OF SYSTEMATIC ERROR 128 4.6 CLASSICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS 129 4.6.1 ONE-FACTOR DESIGNS 130 4.6.2 TWO-FACTOR OR MULTIFACTOR ANALYSIS 133 4.6.3 SPLIT-PLOT AND SPLIT-BLOCK DESIGNS 137 4.6.4 TRIAL SERIES AND DISJUNCT EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS 139 4.7 SPECIAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND FOREST GROWTH SURVEYS 141 4.7.1 FROM STAND TO INDIVIDUAL TREE EXPERIMENTS 141 4.7.2 EXPERIMENTS AND SURVEYS OF GROWTH DISTURBANCES 144 4.7.3 ARTIFICIAL TIME SERIES OR GROWTH SERIES 145 SUMMARY 148 5 DESCRIPTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SILVICULTURAL PRESCRIPTIONS 151 5.1 KIND OF THINNING 154 5.1.1 THINNING ACCORDING TO SOCIAL TREE CLASSES BY KRAFT (1884) 154 5.1.2 THINNING ACCORDING TO COMBINED TREE AND STEM QUALITY CLASSES FROM THE ASSOCIATION OF GERMAN FOREST RESEARCH STATIONS (1902) 156 5.1.3 THINNING AFTER THE SELECTION OF SUPERIOR OR FINAL CROP TREES 160 5.1.4 THINNING BASED ON DIAMETER CLASS OR TARGET DIAMETER.... 164 5.2 SEVERITY OF THINNING 166 5.2.1 THINNING BASED ON A TARGET STAND DENSITY CURVE ... 167 CONTENTS 5.2.2 APPROACHES FOR REGULATING THINNING SEVERITY AND STAND DENSITY 167 5.2.3 SELECTION OF DENSITY CLASSES 170 5.2.4 MANAGEMENT OF STAND DENSITY IN FERTILISATION AND PROVENANCE TRIALS 171 5.2.5 INDIVIDUAL TREE BASED THINNING-PRESCRIPTIONS 172 5.3 INTENSITY OF THINNING 175 5.4 ALGORITHMIC FORMULATION OF SILVICULTURAL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR FOREST PRACTICE AND GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS 177 SUMMARY 178 STANDARD ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS 181 6.1 FROM MEASUREMENT TO RESPONSE VARIABLES 183 6.2 IMPORTANCE OF REGRESSION SAMPLING FOR STANDARD ANALYSIS 184 6.2.1 PRINCIPLE OF REGRESSION SAMPLING 184 6.2.2 LINEAR TRANSFORMATION 184 6.3 DETERMINATION OF STAND-HEIGHT CURVES 186 6.3.1 FUNCTION EQUATIONS FOR DIAMETER-HEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS ... 187 6.3.2 SELECTION OF THE MOST SUITABLE MODEL FUNCTION 188 6.4 DIAMETER-HEIGHT-AGE RELATIONSHIPS 189 6.4.1 METHOD OF SMOOTHING COEFFICIENTS 191 6.4.2 GROWTH FUNCTION METHODS FOR STRATA MEAN TREES 193 6.4.3 AGE-DIAMETER-HEIGHT REGRESSION METHODS 195 6.5 FORM FACTORS AND VOLUME CALCULATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL TREES 196 6.5.1 FORM FACTORS 197 6.5.2 VOLUME CALCULATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL TREES 199 6.6 STAND MEAN AND CUMULATIVE VALUES AT THE TIME OF INVENTORY AND FOR THE PERIODS BETWEEN INVENTORIES 199 6.6.1 REFERENCE AREA 199 6.6.2 TREE NUMBER 199 6.6.3 MEAN DIAMETER AND MEAN DIAMETER OF THE TOP HEIGHT TREE COLLECTIVE 200 6.6.4 MEAN AND TOP HEIGHT 201 6.6.5 SLENDERNESS H Q /D Q AND HIOO/DIOO 203 6.6.6 STAND BASAL AREA AND VOLUME 203 6.6.7 GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERISTICS 204 6.7 RESULTS OF STANDARD ANALYSIS 205 6.7.1 PRESENTATION IN TABLES 205 6.7.2 STAND DEVELOPMENT DIAGRAMS 211 SUMMARY 220 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STAND STRUCTURES 223 7.1 STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES IN FOREST STANDS 225 7.1.1 INTERACTION BETWEEN STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES 225 7.1.2 EFFECT OF INITIAL STRUCTURE ON STAND DEVELOPMENT 227 CONTENTS 7.2 DESCRIPTIONS OF STAND STRUCTURE 229 7.2.1 TREE DISTRIBUTION MAPS AND CROWN MAPS 230 7.2.2 THREE-DIMENSIONAL VISUALISATION OF FOREST GROWTH 234 7.2.3 SPATIAL OCCUPANCY PATTERNS 239 7.3 HORIZONTAL TREE DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS 242 7.3.1 POISSON DISTRIBUTION AS A REFERENCE FOR ANALYSING STAND STRUCTURES 243 7.3.2 POSITION-DEPENDENT DISTRIBUTION INDICES 246 7.3.3 DISTRIBUTION INDICES BASED ON SAMPLE QUADRATS 252 7.3.4 K-FUNCTION 256 7.3.5 L-FUNCTION 260 7.3.6 PAIR CORRELATION FUNCTIONS FOR DETAILED ANALYSIS OF TREE DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS 261 7.4 STAND DENSITY 266 7.4.1 STOCKING DENSITY 266 7.4.2 PERCENTAGE CANOPY COVER (PCC) 267 7.4.3 MEAN BASAL AREA, MBA, BY ASSMANN (1970) 269 7.4.4 QUANTIFYING STAND DENSITY FROM THE ALLOMETRY BETWEEN MEAN SIZE AND PLANTS PER UNIT AREA 270 7.4.5 CROWN COMPETITION FACTOR CCF 273 7.4.6 DENSITY OF SPATIAL OCCUPANCY AND VERTICAL PROFILES 274 7.5 DIFFERENTIATION 276 7.5.1 COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION OF TREE DIAMETERS AND HEIGHTS ...276 7.5.2 DIAMETER DIFFERENTIATION BY FIILDNER (1995) 276 7.5.3 SPECIES RICHNESS, SPECIES DIVERSITY, AND STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY 279 7.6 SPECIES INTERMINGLING 284 7.6.1 SPECIES INTERMINGLING INDEX BY FIILDNER (1996) 284 7.6.2 INDEX OF SEGREGATION FROM PIELOU (1977) 285 SUMMARY 287 GROWING SPACE AND COMPETITIVE SITUATION OF INDIVIDUAL TREES 291 8.1 THE STAND AS A MOSAIC OF INDIVIDUAL TREES 292 8.2 POSITION-DEPENDENT COMPETITION INDICES 292 8.2.1 EXAMPLE OF COMPETITOR IDENTIFICATION AND COMPETITION CALCULATION 293 8.2.2 METHODS OF COMPETITOR IDENTIFICATION 295 8.2.3 QUANTIFYING THE LEVEL OF COMPETITION 299 8.2.4 EVALUATION OF METHODS 302 8.3 POSITION-INDEPENDENT COMPETITION MEASURES 305 8.3.1 CROWN COMPETITION FACTOR 305 8.3.2 HORIZONTAL CROSS-SECTION METHODS 306 8.3.3 PERCENTILE OF THE BASAL AREA FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION 307 8.3.4 COMPARING POSITION-INDEPENDENT WITH POSITION- DEPENDENT COMPETITION INDICES 308 CONTENTS 8.4 METHODS BASED ON GROWING AREA 311 8.4.1 CIRCLE SEGMENT METHOD 311 8.4.2 RASTERING THE STAND AREA 312 8.4.3 GROWING AREA POLYGONS 313 8.5 DETAILED ANALYSIS OF A TREE S SPATIAL GROWTH CONSTELLATION 315 8.5.1 SPATIAL RASTERING AND DOT COUNTING 315 8.5.2 CALCULATION OF SPATIAL DISTANCES 318 8.5.3 CROWN GROWTH RESPONSES TO LATERAL RESTRICTION 320 8.6 HEMISPHERICAL IMAGES FOR QUANTIFYING THE COMPETITIVE SITUATION OF INDIVIDUAL TREES 321 8.6.1 FISH-EYE IMAGES AS A BASIS FOR SPATIAL ANALYSES 321 8.6.2 METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF FISH-EYE PROJECTION IN FOREST STANDS 323 8.6.3 QUANTIFYING THE COMPETITIVE SITUATION OF INDIVIDUAL TREES IN A NORWAY SPRUCE-EUROPEAN BEECH MIXED STAND.. 325 8.7 EDGE CORRECTION METHODS 326 8.7.1 EDGE EFFECTS AND EDGE CORRECTION METHODS 326 8.7.2 REFLECTION AND SHIFT 327 8.7.3 LINEAR EXPANSION 328 8.7.4 STRUCTURE GENERATION 332 8.7.5 EVALUATION OF EDGE CORRECTION METHODS 333 SUMMARY 334 EFFECTS OF SPECIES MIXTURE ON TREE AND STAND GROWTH 337 9.1 INTRODUCTION: INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY WITH SPECIES MIXTURES? 337 9.1.1 FUNDAMENTAL NICHE AND NICHE DIFFERENTIATION 338 9.1.2 MAXIMIZING FITNESS ISN T EQUIVALENT TO MAXIMIZING PRODUCTIVITY 340 9.1.3 THE BALANCE BETWEEN PRODUCTION PROMOTING AND INHIBITING EFFECTS IS IMPORTANT 341 9.2 FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING MIXING EFFECTS 343 9.2.1 ECOLOGICAL NICHE 343 9.2.2 SITE-GROWTH RELATIONSHIPS 344 9.2.3 RISK DISTRIBUTION 344 9.2.4 COMPARISON OF MIXED STANDS WITH NEIGHBOURING PURE STANDS: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 348 9.3 QUANTIFYING EFFECTS OF SPECIES MIXTURE AT STAND LEVEL 351 9.3.1 CROSS-SPECIES DIAGRAMS FOR VISUALISING MIXTURE EFFECTS .. 351 9.3.2 NOMENCLATURE, RELATIONS AND VARIABLES FOR ANALYSING MIXTURE EFFECTS 352 9.3.3 MIXTURE PROPORTION 354 9.3.4 EXAMINING EFFECTS OF SPECIES MIXTURE ON BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY IN NORWAY SPRUCE-EUROPEAN BEECH STANDS: AN EXAMPLE 356 9.3.5 EXAMINING MEAN TREE SIZE IN NORWAY SPRUCE-EUROPEAN BEECH STANDS: AN EXAMPLE 360 CONTENTS XV 9.4 QUANTIFYING MIXTURE EFFECTS AT THE INDIVIDUAL TREE LEVEL 363 9.4.1 EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS FOR INDIVIDUAL TREE GROWTH 363 9.4.2 APPLICATION OF EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS FOR DETECTING MIXTURE EFFECTS 365 9.5 PRODUCTIVITY IN MIXED FOREST STANDS 371 9.5.1 THE MIXED STANDS ISSUE: A CENTRAL EUROPEAN REVIEW AND PERSPECTIVE 371 9.5.2 BENCHMARKS FOR PRODUCTIVITY OF MIXED STANDS COMPARED TO PURE STANDS 372 9.5.3 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL NICHE DIFFERENTIATION AS A RECIPE FOR COEXISTENCE AND CAUSE OF SURPLUS PRODUCTIVITY 375 9.5.4 CROWN SHYNESS 376 9.5.5 GROWTH RESILIENCE WITH STRUCTURAL AND SPECIES DIVERSITY 377 SUMMARY 378 10 GROWTH RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR BIOMETRIC FORMULATION 381 10.1 DEPENDENCE OF GROWTH ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND RESOURCE AVAILABILITY 381 10.1.1 UNIMODAL DOSE-EFFECT-CURVE 381 10.1.2 DOSE-EFFECT-RULE BY MITSCHERLICH (1948) 383 10.1.3 COMBINING THE EFFECTS OF SEVERAL GROWTH FACTORS 386 10.2 ALLOMETRY AT THE INDIVIDUAL PLANT LEVEL 387 10.2.1 ALLOMETRY AND ITS BIOMETRIC FORMULATION 387 10.2.2 EXAMPLES OF ALLOMETRY AT THE INDIVIDUAL PLANT LEVEL 389 10.2.3 DETECTION OF PERIODIC CHANGES IN ALLOMETRY 391 10.3 GROWTH AND YIELD FUNCTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL PLANTS 393 10.3.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL REASONING AND BIOMETRICAL FORMULATION OF GROWTH FUNCTIONS 393 10.3.2 OVERVIEW OVER APPROVED GROWTH AND YIELD FUNCTIONS ...394 10.3.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH AND YIELD 397 10.4 ALLOMETRY AT THE STAND LEVEL: THE SELF-THINNING RULES FROM REINEKE (1933) AND YODA ET AL. (1963) 399 10.4.1 REINEKE S (1933) SELF-THINNING LINE AND STAND DENSITY INDEX 400 10.4.2 -3/2-POWER RULE BY YODA ET AL. (1963) 402 10.4.3 LINK BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL TREE AND STAND ALLOMETRY 405 10.4.4 ALLOMETRIC SCALING AS GENERAL RULE 406 10.5 STAND DENSITY AND GROWTH 407 10.5.1 ASSMANN S CONCEPT OF MAXIMUM, OPTIMUM AND CRITICAL STAND DENSITY 409 10.5.2 BIOMETRIC FORMULATION OF THE UNIMODAL OPTIMUM CURVE OF VOLUME GROWTH IN RELATION TO STAND DENSITY AND MEAN TREE SIZE 411 XVI CONTENTS 10.6 DEALING WITH BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY 415 10.6.1 QUANTIFYING VARIABILITY V,.. . *_ 416 10.6.2 REPRODUCTION OF VARIABILITY 418 SUMMARY 420 11 FOREST GROWTH MODELS 423 11.1 SCALES OF OBSERVATION, STATISTICAL AND MECHANISTIC APPROACHES TO STAND DYNAMICS 425 11.1.1 SCALES OF FOREST GROWTH AND YIELD RESEARCH AND MODELS 425 11.1.2 FROM THE CLASSICAL BLACK-BOX TO WHITE-BOX APPROACHES 426 11.1.3 TOP-DOWN APPROACH VS BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 428 11.2 MODEL OBJECTIVES, DEGREE OF SYSTEM ABSTRACTION, DATABASE 429 11.2.1 GROWTH MODELS AS NESTED HYPOTHESES ABOUT SYSTEMS BEHAVIOUR 430 11.2.2 GROWTH MODELS AS A DECISION TOOL FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT 430 11.3 GROWTH MODELS BASED ON STAND LEVEL MEAN AND CUMULATIVE VALUES 432 11.3.1 PRINCIPLES OF YIELD TABLE CONSTRUCTION 432 11.3.2 FROM EXPERIENCE TABLES TO STAND SIMULATORS 437 11.4 GROWTH MODELS BASED ON TREE NUMBER FREQUENCIES 445 11.4.1 REPRESENTING STAND DEVELOPMENT BY SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 445 11.4.2 GROWTH MODELS BASED ON PROGRESSING DISTRIBUTIONS 446 11.4.3 STAND EVOLUTION MODELS - STAND GROWTH AS A STOCHASTIC PROCESS 449 11.5 INDIVIDUAL TREE GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS 450 11.5.1 OVERVIEW OF THE UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUAL- TREE MODELS 451 11.5.2 GROWTH FUNCTIONS AS THE CORE ELEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL- TREE MODELS 453 11.5.3 OVERVIEW OF MODEL TYPES 455 11.6 GAP AND HYBRID MODELS 456 11.6.1 DEVELOPMENT CYCLE IN GAPS 457 11.6.2 JABOWA -PROTOTYPEMODEL FROM BOTKIN ET AL. (1972) ...458 11.7 MATTER BALANCE MODELS 462 11.7.1 INCREASING STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ACCORDANCE OF MODELS WITH REALITY 462 11.7.2 MODELLING OF THE BASIC PROCESSES IN MATTER BALANCE MODELS 465 11.7.3 OVERVIEW OF MATTER BALANCE MODEL APPROACHES 476 11.8 LANDSCAPE MODELS 478 11.8.1 APPLICATION OF LANDSCAPE MODEL LANDCLIM 481 CONTENTS XVII 11.9 VISUALISATION OF FOREST STANDS AND WOODED LANDSCAPES 482 11.9.1 VISUALISATION TOOLS TREEVIEW AND L-VIS 484 11.-10 PERSPECTIVE 488 SUMMARY 490 12 EVALUATION AND STANDARD DESCRIPTION OF GROWTH MODELS 493 12.1 APPROACHES FOR EVALUATION OF GROWTH MODELS AND SIMULATORS .... 494 12.1.1 SUITABILITY FOR A GIVEN PURPOSE 494 12.1.2 VALIDATION OF THE BIOMETRIC MODEL 496 12.1.3 SUITABILITY OF THE SOFTWARE 499 12.1.4 CUSTOMISING MODELS AND SIMULATORS FOR END-USERS 500 12.2 EXAMPLES OF MODEL VALIDATION 503 12.2.1 VALIDATION ON THE BASIS OF LONG-TERM SAMPLE PLOTS AND INVENTORY DATA 503 12.2.2 COMPARISON WITH GROWTH RELATIONSHIPS 508 12.2.3 COMPARISON WITH KNOWLEDGE FROM EXPERIENCE 510 12.3 STANDARDS FOR DESCRIBING MODELS AND SIMULATORS 510 SUMMARY 512 13 APPLICATION OF FOREST SIMULATION MODELS FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN PRACTICE 515 13.1 MODEL OBJECTIVE AND PREDICTION ALGORITHM 516 13.1.1 MODEL OBJECTIVE 516 13.1.2 PREDICTION ALGORITHM 516 13.1.3 DATABASE 519 13.2 SITE-GROWTH MODEL 519 13.2.1 THE PRINCIPLES OF CONTROLLING INDIVIDUAL TREE GROWTH BY MEANS OF SITE FACTORS 520 13.2.2 MODELLING THE POTENTIAL AGE-HEIGHT CURVE IN DEPENDENCE ON SITE CONDITIONS 520 13.3 GENERATION OF INITIAL VALUES FOR SIMULATION RUNS 525 13.3.1 STAND STRUCTURE GENERATOR STRUGEN 526 13.4 SPATIALLY EXPLICIT MODELLING OF THE GROWTH ARRANGEMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL TREES 528 13.4.1 INDEX KKL AS THE INDICATOR OF THE CROWN COMPETITION .... 528 13.4.2 INDEX NDIST AS THE INDICATOR FOR COMPETITION ASYMMETRY 528 13.4.3 INDEX KMA FOR THE SPECIES MIXTURE IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF INDIVIDUAL TREES 529 13.5 APPLICATION FOR SCENARIO ANALYSIS AT THE STAND LEVEL: A PURE NORWAY SPRUCE STAND VS A NORWAY SPRUCE - EUROPEAN BEECH MIXED STAND 530 13.5.1 GROWTH AND YIELD AT THE STAND LEVEL 530 13.5.2 GROWTH AND YIELD ON TREE LEVEL 532 13.5.3 MODELLING STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY 532 13.5.4 MULTI-CRITERIA CONSIDERATIONS 534 XVIII CONTENTS 13.6 GROWTH MODELS FOR DYNAMIC ENTERPRISE PLANNING 535 13.6.1 SIMULATION AT THE ENTERPRISE LEVEL FOR LONG-TERM STRATEGIC PLANNING 536 13.6.2 APPLICATION OF MODELS FOR DECISION SUPPORT 537 13.6.3 APPLICATION OF THE MUNICH FORESTRY ENTERPRISE FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN 540 13.7 ESTIMATION OF GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE ...543 13.7.1 DEPENDENCE OF RESPONSE PATTERNS ON SITE AND TREE SPECIES 544 13.7.2 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL 545 13.7.3 DEVELOPMENT OF SILVICULTURAL MEASURES FOR MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 548 SUMMARY 549 14 DIAGNOSIS OF GROWTH DISTURBANCES 553 14.1 GROWTH MODELS AS REFERENCE 556 14.1.1 COMPARISON WITH YIELD TABLE 556 14.1.2 DYNAMIC GROWTH MODELS AS REFERENCE 557 14.1.3 SYNTHETIC REFERENCE CURVES 559 14.2 UNDISTURBED TREES OR STANDS AS A REFERENCE 560 14.2.1 INCREMENT TREND METHOD 560 14.2.2 PAIR-WISE COMPARISON 565 14.2.3 REFERENCE PLOT COMPARISON 566 14.2.4 REFERENCE PLOT COMPARISON BY INDEXING 570 14.2.5 REGRESSION-ANALYTICAL ESTIMATION OF INCREMENT DECREASE 572 14.3 GROWTH BEHAVIOUR IN OTHER CALENDAR PERIODS AS REFERENCE 576 14.3.1 INDIVIDUAL GROWTH IN PREVIOUS PERIOD AS REFERENCE 576 14.3.2 LONG-TERM, AGE-SPECIFIC TREE GROWTH AS REFERENCE (CONSTANT AGE METHOD) 579 14.3.3 GROWTH COMPARISON OF PREVIOUS AND SUBSEQUENT GENERATION AT THE SAME SITE 580 14.3.4 DIAGNOSIS OF GROWTH TRENDS FROM SUCCEEDING INVENTORIES 582 14.4 DENDRO-CHRONOLOGICAL TIME SERIES ANALYSIS 585 14.4.1 ELIMINATION OF THE SMOOTH COMPONENT 586 14.4.2 INDEXING 587 14.4.3 RESPONSE FUNCTION 588 14.4.4 QUANTIFICATION OF INCREMENT LOSSES 589 SUMMARY 590 15 PATHWAYS TO SYSTEM UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGEMENT 593 15.1 OVERVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE PATHWAYS IN FOREST GROWTH AND YIELD RESEARCH 594 15.1.1 OBSERVATION, MEASUREMENT, AND COLLECTION OF DATA 595 15.1.2 DESCRIPTION 597 CONTENTS XIX 15.1.3 FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESES FOR ELEMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL SYSTEM ELEMENTS 597 _- 15.1.4 TEST OF HYPOTHESES 599 15.1.5 MODELS AS A CHAIN OF HYPOTHESES 602 15.1.6 TEST OF MODEL HYPOTHESIS BY SIMULATION 603 15.1.7 APPLICATION OF THE MODEL IN RESEARCH, PRACTICE, AND EDUCATION 604 15.1.8 RELATIONSHIPS, RULES, LAWS, AND THEORIES 604 15.2 TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE FROM SCIENCE TO PRACTICE 611 15.2.1 CONCEPT OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT 611 15.2.2 LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS AND MODELS FOR DECISION SUPPORT 613 SUMMARY 615 REFERENCES 619 INDEX 655
any_adam_object	1
author	Pretzsch, Hans
author_facet	Pretzsch, Hans
author_role	aut
author_sort	Pretzsch, Hans
author_variant	h p hp
building	Verbundindex
bvnumber	BV035129471
callnumber-first	Q - Science
callnumber-label	QK938
callnumber-raw	QK938.F6 SD387
callnumber-search	QK938.F6 SD387
callnumber-sort	QK 3938 F6
callnumber-subject	QK - Botany
classification_rvk	ZC 88100
classification_tum	FOR 200f
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)707477929 (DE-599)DNB990359166
dewey-full	577.30113
dewey-hundreds	500 - Natural sciences and mathematics
dewey-ones	577 - Ecology
dewey-raw	577.30113
dewey-search	577.30113
dewey-sort	3577.30113
dewey-tens	570 - Biology
discipline	Biologie Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau
format	Book
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01840nam a2200505 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV035129471</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20091210 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t\|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">081030s2009 gw abd\| \|\|\|\| 00\|\|\| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="015" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">08,N39,0876</subfield><subfield code="2">dnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="016" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">990359166</subfield><subfield code="2">DE-101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783540883067</subfield><subfield code="c">Gb. : ca. EUR 213.95 (freier Pr.), ca. sfr 348.50 (freier Pr.)</subfield><subfield code="9">978-3-540-88306-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783540883067</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="028" ind1="5" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">12093601</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)707477929</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DNB990359166</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakddb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">gw</subfield><subfield code="c">XA-DE-BE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-1028</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M49</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Eb1</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Re12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">QK938.F6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">SD387</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">577.30113</subfield><subfield code="2">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZC 88100</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)155366:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">FOR 200f</subfield><subfield code="2">stub</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">630</subfield><subfield code="2">sdnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Pretzsch, Hans</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Forest dynamics, growth and yield</subfield><subfield code="b">from measurement to model</subfield><subfield code="c">Hans Pretzsch</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Berlin[u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Springer</subfield><subfield code="c">2009</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XIX, 664 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst., Kt., Tab.</subfield><subfield code="c">235 mm x 155 mm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Forest dynamics</subfield><subfield code="x">Computer simulation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Forest management</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Forstertrag</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4155059-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Waldbau</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4064356-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Forstertrag</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4155059-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Waldbau</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4064356-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Forstertrag</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4155059-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="C">b</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HEBIS Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016796997&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016796997</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
id	DE-604.BV035129471
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-12-20T13:20:54Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9783540883067
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016796997
oclc_num	707477929
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-1028 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-Eb1 DE-Re12
owner_facet	DE-1028 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-Eb1 DE-Re12
physical	XIX, 664 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt., Tab. 235 mm x 155 mm
publishDate	2009
publishDateSearch	2009
publishDateSort	2009
publisher	Springer
record_format	marc
spellingShingle	Pretzsch, Hans Forest dynamics, growth and yield from measurement to model Forest dynamics Computer simulation Forest management Forstertrag (DE-588)4155059-6 gnd Waldbau (DE-588)4064356-6 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4155059-6 (DE-588)4064356-6
title	Forest dynamics, growth and yield from measurement to model
title_auth	Forest dynamics, growth and yield from measurement to model
title_exact_search	Forest dynamics, growth and yield from measurement to model
title_full	Forest dynamics, growth and yield from measurement to model Hans Pretzsch
title_fullStr	Forest dynamics, growth and yield from measurement to model Hans Pretzsch
title_full_unstemmed	Forest dynamics, growth and yield from measurement to model Hans Pretzsch
title_short	Forest dynamics, growth and yield
title_sort	forest dynamics growth and yield from measurement to model
title_sub	from measurement to model
topic	Forest dynamics Computer simulation Forest management Forstertrag (DE-588)4155059-6 gnd Waldbau (DE-588)4064356-6 gnd
topic_facet	Forest dynamics Computer simulation Forest management Forstertrag Waldbau
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016796997&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT pretzschhans forestdynamicsgrowthandyieldfrommeasurementtomodel

Verfügbarkeit

Bestellen (Login erforderlich)

Inhaltsverzeichnis
Paper/Kapitel scannen lassen

Teilbibliothek Weihenstephan, Lehrbuchsammlung

Bestandsangaben von Teilbibliothek Weihenstephan, Lehrbuchsammlung
Signatur:	1003 FOR 200f 2009 L 462 Lageplan
Exemplar 1	Ausleihbar Am Standort
Exemplar 2	Ausleihbar Am Standort
Exemplar 3	Ausleihbar Am Standort
Exemplar 4	Ausleihbar Am Standort
Exemplar 5	Ausleihbar Am Standort
Exemplar 6	Ausleihbar Am Standort
Exemplar 7	Ausleihbar Am Standort
Exemplar 8	Ausleihbar Am Standort
Exemplar 9	Ausleihbar Am Standort
Exemplar 10	Ausleihbar Ausgeliehen – Rückgabe bis: 12.03.2025
Exemplar 11	Ausleihbar Am Standort

Teilbibliothek Weihenstephan

Bestandsangaben von Teilbibliothek Weihenstephan
Signatur:	1004 FOR 200f 2009 A 5629 Lageplan
Exemplar 1	Nicht ausleihbar Am Standort