Sword & salve: confronting new wars and humanitarian crises
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lanham, Md. [u.a.]
Rowman & Littlefield
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | New millennium books in international studies
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0518/2005024515.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022143214&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XXIV, 260 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780742539785 0742539784 0742539776 9780742539778 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819352444667166720 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Illustrations ix
List of Abbreviations xiii
Foreword, Michael Barnett xv
Preface xix
Introduction 1
1 Concepts and Connections of War and Humanitarianism 9
The Lexicon 10
War s Impact on Humanitarianism: Triggering Crises
and Eliciting Responses 12
Humanitarianism s Influence on War: Inspiring Norms
and Altering Outcomes 12
Change and Continuity in War and Humanitarianism 15
Putting the Lenses Together 21
2 Foundations 25
The Rise of Interstate War 26
The Birth of the International Humanitarian System 35
The Founding Era in Historical Perspective 46
3 New Wars 53
So, What s New? 57
Fragmented Authority and Meaningless Borders:
A New Locus 59
The Proliferation of Nonstate Actors: New Agents 64
Illegal Economies, Plunder, and Aid: New Economies 68
The Prevalence of Civilian Casualties: New Targets
and Victims 72
The Revolution in Military Affairs: New Technologies 75
Windows on War: New Media Power 77
New Wars in Historical Perspective 78
viii Contents
4 New Humanitarianisms 81
So, What s New? 83
Creating Space and Access 89
Engagement Dilemmas: Negotiating Access with Agents 94
Economies of War, Economies of Aid 104
The Responsibility to Protect War Victims and Aid Personnel 108
Taming Deadly Technologies 112
Maximizing Media Attention to Humanitarian Crises 113
New Humanitarianisms in Historical Perspective 116
5 Humanitarianism and Collective Action 119
The Panacea of Coordination 121
Three Threads of Collective Action: Cooperation,
Centralization, and Integration 125
Divergent Perceptions of Needs, Priorities, and Sequences 128
Differences in Tactical Engagements 129
The Value of Independent and Diverse Operations 131
The Blowback from Insecurity 131
Institutional Rivalries 132
Collective Pursuits and Atomized Action 135
6 Making Sense of Afghanistan and Iraq 139
So, What s Really New? 143
Humanitarian Crises in Afghanistan and Iraq 153
Hybrid Wars on Terrorism and for Empire 157
Al Qaeda as Spoiler and Hostile Aid Recipients 161
Big Business in Oil, War, and Reconstruction 164
Conspicuous Economic Interests in Relief and Protection 167
Acute Security Threats to Aid Personnel and Journalists 171
High Technology versus High-Enough Technology 175
The International Spotlight 176
The Collective and Cumulative Challenges of Turf Wars 179
7 Humanitarian Strategic Thinking . . . and Doing 183
Assessing Change in Humanitarianism: The Case for
Strategic Thinking and Doing 184
Learning Cultures and Adaptation: Military Institutions
versus Humanitarian Agencies 189
Strategic Review: Humanitarian Power and Position 199
Sharpening Strategies and Crafting Capacities 202
Soothing Tomorrow s Wars with Stronger Salves? 207
Notes 215
Index 249
About the Authors 259
Illustrations
FIGURES
1.1 Model of Relations between Levels of Analysis 18
4.1 Spectrum of Humanitarians and Operational Principles 84
4.2 Reconfigured Spectrum of Humanitarians and
Operational Principles 86
5.1 The Humanitarian Network: Significant Actors in
Humanitarian Crises 122
6.1 Resource Flows in Humanitarian Operations 169
TABLES
1.1 Connecting War and Humanitarianism: The Dynamic
in Five Stages 15
1.2 Lenses on Change: Categories and Explanatory Power
of Levels of Analysis 17
2.1 Interstate War, Humanitarian Implications, and
System Responses 50
3.1 Comparing Old and New Wars 58
3.2 Elements of New Wars 80
4.1 New Wars, Humanitarian Implications, and
System Responses 88
4.2 Local Actors Encountered by Humanitarians in
Delivering Relief 95
4.3 Engagement Tactics and Trade-offs 98
4.4 Crises and Traumas Shaping New Humanitarianisms 117
5.1 The Length and Width of the Humanitarian Agenda 128
6.1 Trade-offs in Aid Agencies Subcontracting to Private
Military Companies 152
x Illustrations
6.2 Elements of the Humanitarian Landscape in
Afghanistan, 2001-2004 156
6.3 Elements of the Humanitarian Landscape in Iraq, 2003-2004 157
7.1 Sources and Signs of Change in Humanitarianism 186
7.2 Agency Challenges in Policymaking and Operations 202
MAPS
6.1 Afghanistan 141
6.2 Iraq I42
PHOTOS
Cover In this war memorial sculpture in Iraq, a gigantic
sword dominates a pile of soldiers helmets
connoting the supremacy of military power
over human life. Credit: AP/Bullit Marquez-Pool
Preface The large-scale carnage inflicted on civilian
populations in some wars shock the conscience.
At the Killing Fields memorial near Phnom
Penh, shelves filled with skulls testify to
Cambodia s tragic past. Credit: UN photo 159753/
J. Isaac XIX
Introduction Rwandan refugees who have been displaced due
to the genocide set up camps outside Goma,
Zaire, in 1994 following a cholera epidemic.
Credit: UN photo 186811 /J. Isaac 1
Chapter 1 Entitled Non-violence, this bronze sculpture by
Karl Fredrik Reutersward depicts a 45-calibre
revolver with its barrel tied in a knot and
symbolizes humanity s attempts to restrain
or disable the means of war. Credit: UN photo
177159/Eskinder Debebe 9
Chapter 2 Easily identifiable markings have always been
imperative for humanitarian agencies. A Red
Cross ambulance wagon passes through the
great gully at Helles in the Ottoman Empire
during World War I. Credit: www.firstworldwar.com/
photos/graphics/nw_helles_ambulance_01.jpg 25
Chapter 3 Displacement is often a primary goal as well as
tactic in the new wars. Despite the best efforts
of Operation Lifeline Sudan, millions of displaced
Illustrations xi
peoples endured famine in the country during
the 1990s even in areas that did not directly
experience military clashes. Credit: UN photo 31463/
Eskinder Debebe 53
Chapter 4 Although specifically deployed to keep the peace
and protect humanitarian operations, since the
1990s UN soldiers have often become targets
of violence. A peacekeeper with the French-led
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
is shown during an exchange of fire with
Hezbollah, a Shiite militia, in Marrakeh in 1996.
Credit: UN photo 54892/Maher Attar 81
Chapter 5 Peace operations often try to accomplish multiple
goals at the same time, such as demonstrations
of force to deter violence and the movement
of civilians away from war zones. In 2004,
Banyamulenge refugees from the United Nations
Operation in Burundi camp in Cibitoke are
relocated by peacekeepers to Mwaro in
central Burundi. Credit: UN photo 55457/Martine Perret 119
Chapter 6 The rubble of United Nations headquarters in
Baghdad following a suicide bomber attack
on August 19, 2003, that killed twenty-two,
including the secretary-general s special
representative for Iraq, Sergio Vieira de Mello,
and wounded over one hundred.
Credit: UN/DPI photo 139
Chapter 7 This mural by Jose Vela Zanetti hangs outside the
Security Council and illustrates the struggle for
lasting peace. It begins with the destruction of a
family—concentration camps, bombings, and all
the agonies of modern war—and ends with a
measured reconstruction of a war-torn world.
Credit: UN photo 68327 183
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| id | DE-604.BV026584770 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T15:07:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780742539785 0742539784 0742539776 9780742539778 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005024515 |
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| physical | XXIV, 260 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
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| publisher | Rowman & Littlefield |
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| series2 | New millennium books in international studies |
| spellingShingle | Hoffman, Peter J. 1969- Weiss, Thomas G. 1946- Sword & salve confronting new wars and humanitarian crises Politik Humanitarianism Political aspects War and society Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 gnd Humanitäre Hilfe (DE-588)4438965-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4033114-3 (DE-588)4438965-6 |
| title | Sword & salve confronting new wars and humanitarian crises |
| title_alt | Sword and salve |
| title_auth | Sword & salve confronting new wars and humanitarian crises |
| title_exact_search | Sword & salve confronting new wars and humanitarian crises |
| title_full | Sword & salve confronting new wars and humanitarian crises Peter J. Hoffman and Thomas G. Weiss |
| title_fullStr | Sword & salve confronting new wars and humanitarian crises Peter J. Hoffman and Thomas G. Weiss |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sword & salve confronting new wars and humanitarian crises Peter J. Hoffman and Thomas G. Weiss |
| title_short | Sword & salve |
| title_sort | sword salve confronting new wars and humanitarian crises |
| title_sub | confronting new wars and humanitarian crises |
| topic | Politik Humanitarianism Political aspects War and society Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 gnd Humanitäre Hilfe (DE-588)4438965-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Politik Humanitarianism Political aspects War and society Krieg Humanitäre Hilfe |
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