Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms: 1 Nature and fate of petroleum
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
Academic Press
1977
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| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019380373&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | 321 S. |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Malins, Donald C. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms |n 1 |p Nature and fate of petroleum |c ed. by Donald C. Malins |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b Academic Press |c 1977 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Bd. 1. Effects of petroleum on arctic and subarctic marine environments and organisms. Nature and fa
Autor:
Jahr: 1977
PETROLEUM: PROPERTIES AND ANALYSES IN BIOTIC
AND ABIOTIC SYSTEMS
Robert C. Clark, Jr., and Donald W. Brown 1
I. PETROLEUM: GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2
A. Origin 2
B. Recovery 3
C. Refining 3
D. Historical uses 4
II. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PETROLEUM 4
A. Specific gravity 4
B. Viscosity 5
C. Pour point 6
D. Fractional distillation temperatures 7
II. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM AND
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 9
A. Characteristics of petroleum 9
1. Hydrocarbon components 9
2. Non-hydrocarbon components 15
B. Composition of crude petroleum 19
1. Prudhoe Bay crude oil 22
2. South Louisiana crude oil 22
3. Kuwait crude oil 26
C. Composition of refined petroleum products 26
1. No. 2 fuel oil 29
2. Bunker C fuel oil 29
IV. METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS 31
A. Sample collection and preservation 37
1. Laboratory aspects 37
2. Field aspects 38
B. Extraction of the organic matter 42
1. Biological material 42
2. Sediment 46
3. Seawater 46
C. Separation 48
D. Analyses 50
1. Gravimetric method 53
2. Ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry 53
3. Fluorescence spectrometry 54
4. Infrared spectrometry 56
5. Gas chromatography 57
6. Mass spectrometry 58
7. Integration of methods 62
V. HYDROCARBONS AND NON-HYDROCARBONS IN
PETROLEUM AND ORGANISMS 62
A. Hydrocarbons 64
1. Volatile normal paraffins 64
2. Volatile branched paraffins 64
3. Non-volatile paraffins 64
4. Naphthenes 67
5. Olefins 67
6. Aromatics 68
B. Non-hydrocarbon components 70
C. Basic differences between abiotic and biotic systems 70
VI. PROSPECTUS 72
VII. REFERENCES 75
CHAPTER 2
INPUTS, TRANSPORT MECHANISMS, AND
OBSERVED CONCENTRATIONS OF PETROLEUM
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Robert C. Clark, Jr., and William D. MacLeod, Jr. 91
I. POTENTIAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON INPUTS 92
A. Land-based discharges 93
1. Refineries 93
2, Waste oils, runoff, and sewage 96
B. Marine operations 97
1. Tankers 97
2. Bilge discharges and bunkering 98
3. Accidents 99
C. Offshore production operations 100
D. Oil seeps 101
E. Atmospheric input 101
II. SPILL TRANSPORT AND RELATED MECHANISMS 102
A. Spreading 102
B. Evaporation 106
C. Dissolution 109
D. Emulsification 115
E. Agglomeration and sinking 121
F. Microbial modification 127
G. Photochemical modification 129
H. Biological ingestion and excretion 131
I. Tar ball formation 132
J. Interaction of ice with petroleum 134
III. PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON LEVELS IN THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT 143
A. Organisms 143
1. Unexposed baseline locations 143
2. Exposed locations 158
3. Laboratory exposed organisms 158
B. Sediment 158
C. Seawater 178
D. Tar balls 188
E. Sea slicks 193
F. Arctic samples 196
IV. PROSPECTUS 197
V. REFERENCES 199
CHAPTER 3
ALTERATIONS IN PETROLEUM RESULTING FROM
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Neva L Karrick 225
I. INTRODUCTION 225
N. PHYSICAL FACTORS 227
A. Environmental conditions 227
1. Water 227
2. Temperature 227
3. Wind 227
4. Oxygen 227
B. Physical processes 22^
1. Spreading 228
2. Evaporation 229
3. Dissolution 229
4. Emulsification 231
5. Sedimentation 232
III. CHEMICAL FACTORS 234
IV. MICROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS 235
A. Distribution of microorganisms 235
B. Yeasts and fungi 236
C. Microbial processes 239
1. Role of temperature in microbial degradation 239
2. Role of other environmental factors in
microbial degradation 241
3. Microbial activity 242
4. Microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons 244
5. Mathematical modeling of microbial processes 251
6. Microbial degradation of petroleum in sediments 254
7. Potential changes in petroleum under arctic
and subarctic conditions 263
D. Possible impact of petroleum on microorganisms 275
1. Morphology 276
2. Lipids 277
3. Chemotaxis 278
V. PROSPECTUS 280
VI. REFERENCES 282
List of Abbreviations 301
List of Symbols 303
Geographical Name Index 205
Subject Index
|
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| id | DE-604.BV025776041 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:13:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
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| owner_facet | DE-11 |
| physical | 321 S. |
| publishDate | 1977 |
| publishDateSearch | 1977 |
| publishDateSort | 1977 |
| publisher | Academic Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Malins, Donald C. Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms |
| title | Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms |
| title_auth | Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms |
| title_exact_search | Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms |
| title_full | Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms 1 Nature and fate of petroleum ed. by Donald C. Malins |
| title_fullStr | Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms 1 Nature and fate of petroleum ed. by Donald C. Malins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms 1 Nature and fate of petroleum ed. by Donald C. Malins |
| title_short | Effects of petroleum on Artic and Subarctic marine environments and organisms |
| title_sort | effects of petroleum on artic and subarctic marine environments and organisms nature and fate of petroleum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019380373&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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