Chromatography: concepts and contrasts
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020195268&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XXVI, 490 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780470530252 9780471472070 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819342648160288768 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Chromatography
Autor: Miller, James M.
Jahr: 2009
CONTENTS
Preface to Second Edition xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Preface to the First Edition xvii
Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms xix
1 Impact of Industrial and Government Regulatory Practices
on Analytical Chromatography
1.1 Locus of Chromatography in Chemical Industry / 3
1.2 Governmental Organizations / 4
National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) / 5
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) / 6
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) / 11
Other organizations / 12
1.3 Nongovernmental Agencies / 12
Association of Analytical Communities International
(AOAC) / 14
ASTM International / 14
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) / 16
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
(IUPAC) / 17
1.4 Standards, Calibration, and NIST / 17
1.5 USP and Other Pharmacopoeias / 19
International Conference on Harmonization
Guidlines / 21
1.6 International Guidelines for Analytical Laboratories / 22
Sources of Guidelines / 23
Method of Development, Validation, and Transfer / 24
Vi CONTENTS
Instrument Qualification / 29
21 CFR Part 11: Electronic Records and Electronic
Signatures / 30
1.7 Final Comments / 30
References / 31
2 Introduction to Chromatography 35
2.1 Brief History / 37
2.2 Definitions and Classsifications / 39
Separation / 39
Chromatography / 41
Chromatographie Symbols / 45
Normal Distribution / 51
Other Terms / 53
2.3 Summary / 64
References / 64
3 Band Broadening and Kinetics 67
3.1 Configurations of the Stationary Phase / 67
Characteristics of Column Packings / 68
Column Volume Characteristics / 73
3.2 Rate Theory / 75
Original Van Deemter Theory / 75
Other Rate Equations / 79
Van Deemter Plots / 83
Practical Consequences of the Rate Theory / 84
Reduced Rate Equation for HPLC (and GC) / 88
Redefinition of H / 90
References / 91
4 Physical Forces and Interactions 93
4.1 Intermolecular and Interionic Forces / 93
Sorption Isotherms / 94
Types of Forces / 96
4.2 Size Exclusion—Molecular Sieving / 100
4.3 Some Models / 102
Hildebrand s Solubility Parameter / 104
Snyder s Solvent Parameter / 104
References / 107
CONTENTS VÜ
5 Optimization and the Achievement of Separation 109
5.1 Kinetics and Zone Broadening / 109
5.2 Thermodynamics and Zone Migration / 111
5.2 Achievement of Separation / 111
5.4 Optimization of Separations / 112
References / 115
6 Comparisons Between Chromatographie Modes 117
6.1 Gas Chromatography Compared to Liquid
Chromatography / 117
Gases Compared to Liquids / 118
Gas Compressibility in GC / 119
Permeability / 121
Efficiency and Speed / 122
6.2 Supercritical Fluids and Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography / 124
Mobile-Phase Properties / 127
Stationary-Phase Properties / 130
Instrumentation / 130
Density Programming / 130
Applications / 131
Summary / 134
6.3 Reduced Parameters / 134
6.4 Columnar and Planar Configurations / 135
Peaks Compared to Bands / 135
Retardation Factors / 136
References / 139
7 Gas Chromatography 141
7.1 Early History, Theories, and Classifications / 141
Kovats Index / 144
Rohrschneider/McReynolds Constants / 146
Methods for Selecting Stationary Phases / 147
7.2 Instrumentation for Capillary GC / 148
Mobile Phase / 148
Injection Ports and Valves / 150
Open Tubular Columns / 153
Detectors / 157
7.3 Instrumentation for Packed-Column GC / 165
Packed-Column Injection Ports / 165
Packed Columns and Stationary Phases / 166
Viii CONTENTS
7.4 Stationary Phase / 168
Typical Liquids / 169
7.5 Temperature Effects / 170
Programmed Temperature GC / 172
7.6 Special Topics / 177
Fast GC / 177
Programmed Temperature Vaporizers and Large-Volume
Injections / 177
Gas Chromatography Analysis of Nonvolatiles / 178
Inorganic GC / 178
Simulated Distillation / 179
7.7 Summary and Evaluation / 179
References / 180
8 Liquid Chromatography in Columns 183
8.1 Introductory Classifications / 184
Phase Polarities: Normal Versus Reversed / 184
Liquid-Solid (LSC) Versus Liquid-Liquid (LLC)
Chromatography / 185
Low-Pressure Versus High-Pressure Liquid
Chromatography / 186
Isocratic Versus Gradient Elution / 188
Stationary Phase / 190
Mobile Phase / 191
8.2 Classification of HPLC Modes / 194
Liquid-Solid Chromatography / 194
Bonded-Phase Chromatography / 198
Ion Exchange Chromatography / 213
Size Exclusion Chromatography / 226
8.3 Instrumentation / 234
Pumping Systems and the Mobile Phase / 234
Sampling / 238
Columns / 240
Detectors / 244
8.4 Reversed-Phase Method Development and
Optimization / 249
Overlapping Resolution Mapping / 249
Phase Selection Diagrams / 254
Buffer Effects / 256
Gradient Elution / 256
Computer Methods / 258
Troubleshooting and Tips / 259
CONTENTS iX
8.5 RP-HPLC Alternatives for the Pharmaceutical
Industry / 261
8.6 Preparative LC / 262
Sample Cleanup / 263
Low-Pressure Preparative LC / 263
High-Pressure Preparative LC / 265
8.7 Special Topics / 266
Performance Qualification Kit / 266
Pseudophase or Micellar LC / 267
Other Topics / 268
8.8 Summary and Evaluation / 268
References / 270
9 Quantitation: Detectors and Methods 277
9.1 Detectors / 278
Classification of Detectors / 278
Detector Characteristics / 285
Summary of Detector Terms / 295
9.2 Data Acquisition and Processing / 296
Peak Height versus Peak Area / 296
Measurement of Areas / 297
Sources of Error / 299
9.3 Quantitative Analysis / 299
Standards and Calibration / 299
Classification of Methods / 300
Concluding Comments / 305
References / 306
10 Chromatography with Mass Spectral Detection
(GC/MSandLC/MS) 309
10.1 Basics of Mass Spectrometry / 310
Ion Sources / 311
Analyzers / 318
Other MS Topics / 322
10.2 Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry / 323
10.3 Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry / 324
10.4 Other Hyphenated Methods / 326
Liquid Chromatography/Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance / 327
10.5 Summary / 328
References / 328
X CONTENTS
11 Liquid Chromatography on Plane Surfaces 331
11.1 Paper Chromatography / 331
11.2 Thin-Layer Chromatography / 333
Manual TLC / 333
Instrumental TLC / 341
11.3 Other Topics / 347
Preparative TLC / 347
Multidimensional TLC / 347
11.4 Literature Summary and Applications / 348
References / 350
12 Qualitative Analysis 353
12.1 Retention Parameters / 353
Relative Retention Parameters / 355
Two-Column Plots / 355
12.2 Other Methods of Qualitative Analysis / 357
Chemical Methods / 358
Instrumental Methods / 358
References / 362
13 Capillary Electrophoresis and Capillary
Electrochromatography 365
13.1 Principles of Electrophoresis / 366
Fundamental Equations / 366
Weak Acids and Bases / 367
Complex Formation / 369
Electrolyte Concentration / 369
Electroosmosis / 370
Diffusion / 370
Adsorption / 371
13.2 Zone Electrophoresis / 371
13.3 Capillary Electrophoresis / 372
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis / 376
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography / 380
13.4 Capillary Electrochromatography / 380
References / 383
14 Sample Preparation 387
14.1 Extraction / 390
Simple Liquid-Liquid Extraction / 391
Liquid-Solid Extraction / 402
CONTENTS Xi
Assisted Liquid-Solid Extraction / 402
Supercritical Fluid Extraction / 404
Solid-Phase Extraction / 405
Solid-Phase Microextraction / 407
Stir-Bar Sorptive Extraction / 410
Other Extraction Methods / 410
Headspace Methods / 410
14.2 Dialysis / 411
14.3 Derivatization / 412
Methods / 413
Examples / 415
References / 417
15 Special Applications 423
15.1 Multidimensional Chromatography / 423
Gas Chromatography/Gas Chromatography / 425
Liquid Chromatography/Gas Chromatography / 427
Liquid Chromatography/Liquid Chromatography / 431
Other Combinations / 432
15.2 Biological Applications / 433
Affinity Chromatography / 434
Proteins, Peptides, and Proteomics / 438
Other Large Biomolecules / 440
Hydrophobie Interaction Chromatography / 442
15.3 Chiral Separations / 443
Stereochemical Nomenclature and Conventions / 443
Disastereoismeric Separations / 445
Chiral Stationary Phases / 446
Chiral Mobile Phases / 453
Additional Chiral Methods / 453
15.4 Other Topics / 454
Other Chromatographie Methods / 454
Field-Flow Fractionation / 455
Microfludic Devices for Chromatography and
Electrophoresis (Lab-on-a-Chip) / 455
References / 456
16 Selection of a Method 463
16.1 Methods of Attack / 463
XÜ CONTENTS
16.2 The Internet / 464
Literature Searching / 464
Other Sources of Information on the Internet / 465
16.3 Experimental Approach / 466
Volatile Samples / 468
Nonvolatile Samples / 468
16.4 Summary / 471
References / 471
Some Internet Web Sites of Interest to
Chromatographers / 472
Appendix A ICH Glossary 475
Appendix B 479
Index 485
|
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| bvnumber | BV025599701 |
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| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| edition | 2. ed. |
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| id | DE-604.BV025599701 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:31:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780470530252 9780471472070 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020195268 |
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| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-703 |
| physical | XXVI, 490 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Miller, James M. 1933- Chromatography concepts and contrasts Dünnschichtchromatographie (DE-588)4013227-4 gnd Flüssigkeitschromatographie (DE-588)4017622-8 gnd Chromatographie (DE-588)4010153-8 gnd Gaschromatographie (DE-588)4019330-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4013227-4 (DE-588)4017622-8 (DE-588)4010153-8 (DE-588)4019330-5 |
| title | Chromatography concepts and contrasts |
| title_auth | Chromatography concepts and contrasts |
| title_exact_search | Chromatography concepts and contrasts |
| title_full | Chromatography concepts and contrasts James M. Miller |
| title_fullStr | Chromatography concepts and contrasts James M. Miller |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromatography concepts and contrasts James M. Miller |
| title_short | Chromatography |
| title_sort | chromatography concepts and contrasts |
| title_sub | concepts and contrasts |
| topic | Dünnschichtchromatographie (DE-588)4013227-4 gnd Flüssigkeitschromatographie (DE-588)4017622-8 gnd Chromatographie (DE-588)4010153-8 gnd Gaschromatographie (DE-588)4019330-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Dünnschichtchromatographie Flüssigkeitschromatographie Chromatographie Gaschromatographie |
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