Adolescence and youth: psychological development in a changing world
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Nichtbestimmte Sprache |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Harper Collins
1991
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018357485&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XIX, 680 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0060413433 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Adolescence and youth
Autor: Conger, John Janeway
Jahr: 1991
CONTENTS
C H A P T E
1 INTRODUCTION 1
A New Generation 2
Historical Roots of the Concept of Adolescence 3
The Impact of Industrialization 7
The Era of Adolescence 9
The Scientific Study of Adolescence 9
Issues in Adolescent Development 11
Biological Versus Cultural Determinants of Adolescent Behavior 11
Historical Versus Situational Determinants of Adolescent Behavior 14
Adolescence as a Stage of Development 16
Normal Adolescent Turmoil Versus Psychological Disorder 19
The Extent of Adolescent Turmoil 21
Summary 22
REVIEW QUESTIONS 26
RECOMMENDED READINGS 26
CHAPTER
2 VIEWING DEVELOPMENT: CHANGE AND CHALLENGE 29
Developmental Tasks of Adolescence 30
Interaction Between Individual and Environment 31
Antecedent-Consequent Relationships 32
Biological Influences on Development 33
Biology and Personality 34
Learning 35
Learning and Innate Responses 35
Kinds of Learning 36
The Rote of Reinforcement 40
Motivation 41
The Principle of Generalization 41
The Complexity of Adolescent Needs and Motives 43
VII
VIII CONTENTS
Anxiety 43
Sources of Anxiety in Adolescents 44
Coping with Stress 47
Anxiety and Defenses 48
Identification 53
Identity 54
Developing a Sense of Identity 56
Identification and Identity 56
The Role of the Family in Identity Development 60
Identity Foreclosure and identity Confusion 61
Achieved Ego Identify 62
Variations in Identity Formation 62
Gender Identity and Sex Role Identity 63
Summary 65
REVIEW QUESTIONS 67
RECOMMENDED READINGS 67
C H A P T E
3 BIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN ADOLESCENCE 69
Puberty 70
Hormonal Factors in Development 70
The Timing of Puberty 71
Hormonal Dimorphism 71
The Adolescent Growth Spurt 72
The Shape of Things to Come 77
Other Aspects of Adolescent Growth 80
Sexual Maturation 83
Sexual Maturation in Boys 83
Sexual Maturation in Girls 86
Normal Variations in Development 86
Psychological Aspects of Adolescent Growth and Development 89
Psychological Aspects of Menstruation 91
Erection, Ejaculation, and Nocturnal Emission 95
Hormonal Influences on Sexual Interest and Behavior 96
Early and Late Maturation 99
Health Core for Adolescents 104
Health and Behavior 106
Summary 107
REVIEW QUESTIONS 109
RECOMMENDED READINGS 109
CONTENTS IX
C H A P T E
4 INTELLIGENCE AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 111
Defining and Measuring Intelligence 113
The Meaning of Intelligence 113
Is Intelligence Multidimensional? 114
Dimensions of Intelligence 114
Is an Intelligence Test a Pure Measure of Intelligence? 116
Constructing Intelligence Tests 116
IQ Constancy 120
How Useful Are IQs? 123
Cognitive Development in Adolescence 124
Sex Differences 126
Genetic Determinants of Mental Ability 129
Twin Studies 130
Adoption Studies 131
Creativity 134
Promoting Creativity in Adolescents 138
Qualitative Aspects of Cognitive Development 139
The Stage of Concrete Operations 141
The Stage of Formal Operations 143
Other Characteristics of Adolescent Thought 146
The Generality of Formal Operations 146
Social Cognition 147
Effects of Adolescent Mental Growth on Personality and Social Development 148
Information Processing and Cognitive Development 152
Developmental Changes in Information-Processing Abilities 153
Summary 154
REVIEW QUESTIONS 156
RECOMMENDED READINGS 157
CHAPTER
5 ADOLESCENTS, FAMILIES, AND SOCIAL CHANGE 159
The Changing American Family 160
Functions of the Family 161
The Emergence of the Modern Nuclear Family 162
The Nuclear Family in the 1950s 163
The Turbulent 1960s 164
The 1970s.- {Gotta Be Me 168
New Challenges: The 1980s ond Beyond 171
X CONTENTS
Consequences of Social Change 173
Isolation of the Nuclear Family 174
The Rapidity of Social Change 176
Changes Within the Family 176
Divorce, Remarriage, and the Single-Parent Family 179
A Generation Gap? 183
Summary 187
REVIEW QUESTIONS 189
RECOMMENDED READINGS 190
PARENT-CHILD RELATIONS AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT 193
Models of Parent-Child Interaction 195
Parental Love or Rejection 195
Abusing Parents 195
Parental Control 203
An Interactive Model of Parental Behavior 203
Authoritative Versus Authoritarian Parents 204
Laissez-Faire Parents 206
Adolescent Transitions 207
Parent-Child Relations and the Development of Autonomy 208
Separation and Connectedness 208
Perceiving Parents as Individuals 209
Sociocultural Influences and Parental Power Practices 211
The Adolescent in the Family 212
The Principle of Bidirectionality 212
The Family as a System 213
Role Relations and Family Equilibrium 217
Parental Stress and Attitudes Toward Adolescent Autonomy 218
Sex Role Socialization and the Development of Autonomy 219
Parental Stress in the Adolescent Years 221
Parent-Child Relations and Identity Formation 223
Sex Typing and Sexual Identity 224
One-Parent Families 225
Effects of Father Absence on Boys 225
Effects of Father Absence on Girls 226
Effects of Mother Absence 228
Summary 229
REVIEW QUESTIONS 231
RECOMMENDED READINGS 232
CONTENTS xi
CHAPTER
7 ADOLESCENT SEXUALITY 235
Sex Differences and Similarities in Adolescent Sexuality 236
Cultural Differences in Sexual Attitudes and Behavior 240
Sexual Attitudes and Cultural Values 242
Sexual Attitudes and Values of Contemporary Adolescents 242
Sex Education 243
Sexual Morality 245
Changing Values and Sexual Behavior 247
Premarital Sexual Intercourse 247
Diversity of Sexual Attitudes and Behavior 250
Influence of Parents and Peers 252
A New Morality 253
Pregnancy and Contraception 255
Sexual Behavior and Adolescent Adjustment 262
Masturbation 262
Petting and Premarital Intercourse 264
Homosexuality and Heterosexuality 265
Nature Versus Nurture 267
Biological Influences on Sexual Orientation 268
Psychological and Social Influences on Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation 269
Sexual Orientation and Psychopathology 272
Summary 274
REVIEW QUESTIONS 276
RECOMMENDED READINGS 276
8 ADOLESCENTS AND THEIR PEERS 279
Conformity 282
Parental and Peer Influences?A False Dichotomy? 283
Sources of Difficulty 287
The Changing Nature of Adolescent Peer Groups 288
Stages of Peer Group Development 290
Friendships and Identify Development 292
Similarity in Friendship Pairs 296
Variations in Friendship Patterns 297
Social Acceptance, Neglect, and Rejection 300
Relations with Opposite-Sex Peers 302
Dating 304
Current Dating. Patterns 306
XII CONTENTS
Adolescent Marriages 311
Summary 318
REVIEW QUESTIONS 320
RECOMMENDED READINGS 321
CHAPTER
9 ADOLESCENTS AND THE SCHOOLS 323
The Quality of American Education 324
Recent Trends 325
Possible Reasons for These Trends 327
Schooling for What? 331
Education for Inequality 333
Do Schools Make a Difference? 333
School Processes 334
Attributes of the School Environment 335
The Principal 337
Teachers 338
Teacher-Student Interactions 341
Variations in Teaching Methods 342
Socioeconomic Status, Educational Aspirations, and Educational Attainment 343
Parental Aspirations and Rewards for School Achievement 345
Family influences on Educational Aspirations and Achievement 347
Peer Influences on Educational Aspirations 351
Relative Influence of Parents and Peers 352
Personality Characteristics, Intelligence, and School Achievement 352
Dropping Out of School 355
Why Do Young People Drop Out? 356
School Experience and Dropping Out 357
Psychological Characteristics of Dropouts 358
Consequences of Dropping Out 358
Dropping Out?Problem or Symptom? 359
Schools for Younger Adolescents 360
New Directions for the Nation s Schools 363
Recommendations for Educational Reform 363
The High-Risk Student 365
Summary 369
REVIEW QUESTIONS 371
RECOMMENDED READINGS 372
CONTENTS XIII
CHAPTER
10 VOCATIONAL CHOICE IN A CHANGING WORLD 375
The Psychological Significance of Work 378
Vocational Choice and Social Change 379
Vocational Problems of Contemporary Adolescents 380
Development of Vocational Goals 381
Subcultural Influences on Vocational Choice 383
Women and Work: The New American Revolution 384
Sex Differences in Vocational Goals 387
Family Values, Sex Role Attitudes, and Vocational Goals 389
Parental Influences on Vocational Choice 390
Father s Occupation and Work Experience 390
Effects of Maternal Employment on Adolescent Vocational Attitudes 395
Ordinal Position and Sibling Sex Status 397
Personality Characteristics and Interest Patterns 398
Current Trends in Vocational Values 399
Vocational Prospects in a Changing World 402
Women in the Work Force: New Opportunities and Old Realities 407
College Graduates: Demand and Supply in the 1990s 409
Summary 410
REVIEW QUESTIONS 412
RECOMMENDED READINGS 413
CHAPTER
11 ADOLESCENTS AND DRUGS 415
The Nature of the Problem 416
Two Worlds of Drugs 417
Adolescent Drug Use 417
Alcohol 425
Adolescent Use of Alcohol 426
Characteristics of Student Drinkers 428
Effects of Alcohol 429
Tobacco 430
Why Do Adolescents Smoke? 431
Prevention 433
Marijuana 434
Subjective Effects of Marijuana 436
Adverse Effects of Marijuana: Fact or Fiction? 436
Persona! Characteristics of Marijuana Users 438
XIV CONTENTS
Other Drugs 441
Cocaine 441
The Pills 444
LSD and Other Hallucinogens 446
Inhalants 447
Heroin 448
Patterns of Multiple Drug Use 450
Why Do Adolescents Take Drugs? 451
Parental Influences 452
Peer Pressure 454
Escape from the Pressures of Life 455
Emotional Disturbance 460
Societal Rejection 460
Summary 461
REVIEW QUESTIONS 462
RECOMMENDED READINGS 463
CHAPTER
12 MORAL DEVELOPMENT AND VALUES 465
Cognitive Growth and Stages of Moral Development 467
Kohlberg s Stages of Moral Development 468
Influences on Moral Development 472
Changing Societal Demands 473
Intrapsychic Conflict, Moral Values, and Moral Development 475
Mora! Relativism, Identity, and Socio! Change 475
Socialization Techniques and Moral Development 477
Factors Affecting the Development of Conscience 478
Effects of Child-Rearing Practices 479
Sex Differences in Mora! Development 481
The Development of Political ideas 483
Changes in Cognitive Mode 484
Cognitive Development and Changing Religious Beliefs 486
Cultural Changes 487
Current Trends in Adolescent Values 488
College Students and College-Bound Youth 489
The Blue-Collar Revolution 497
Summary 499
REVIEW QUESTIONS SOI
RECOMMENDED READINGS 501
CONTENTS XV
13 ALIENATION AND DELINQUENCY 503
The Roots of Alienation 506
Alienation Among Minorities and the Poor 507
Alienation, Identity, and Self-Esteem 509
Alienation Among Privileged Youth 509
Recent Trends in Activism and Dissent 511
A New Alienation? 512
Adolescent Runaways 513
Adolescent Delinquency 517
Incidence of Delinquency 518
Social Class, Ethnicity, and Self-Reported Delinquency 520
Social Change, Deprivation, and Delinquency 522
Peer Influence and Gangs 523
Personality and Delinquency 526
Parent-Child Relationships of Delinquents 529
Social Class, Delinquency, and Emotional Disturbance 531
Prevention and Treatment of Delinquency 533
Behavioral Methods 535
Summary 539
REVIEW QUESTIONS 541
RECOMMENDED READINGS 542
CHAPTER
14 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES IN
ADOLESCENCE 545
The Nature of Symptoms 547
Anxiety 548
Acute Anxiety 549
Chronic Anxiety 550
Fears and Phobias 550
Phobias 551
School Refusal 552
Adolescent Depression 553
Sex Differences in Depression 557
Suicide 558
Psychophysiological Problems ond Hypochondriasis 561
Eating Disorders 563
Obesity 564
XVI CONTENTS
Anorexia Nervosa 566
Bulimia 569
Risk Factors for Bulimia 570
Adolescent Psychoses 571
Adolescent Schizophrenia 571
Brief Reactive Psychosis 574
Major Affective Disorders 575
Working with Adolescents 576
Qualifications of the Therapist 577
The Nature of Adolescent Therapy 578
Group Therapy 578
Summary 580
REVIEW QUESTIONS 582
RECOMMENDED READINGS 583
EPILOGUE 585
GLOSSARY 589
REFERENCES 595
PHOTO CREDITS 645
NAME INDEX 647
INDEX 671
|
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T13:54:10Z |
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| isbn | 0060413433 |
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| spellingShingle | Conger, John Janeway Adolescence and youth psychological development in a changing world Jugendpsychologie (DE-588)4073110-8 gnd Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd Entwicklung (DE-588)4113450-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073110-8 (DE-588)4028859-6 (DE-588)4113450-3 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Adolescence and youth psychological development in a changing world |
| title_auth | Adolescence and youth psychological development in a changing world |
| title_exact_search | Adolescence and youth psychological development in a changing world |
| title_full | Adolescence and youth psychological development in a changing world John Janeway Conger |
| title_fullStr | Adolescence and youth psychological development in a changing world John Janeway Conger |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adolescence and youth psychological development in a changing world John Janeway Conger |
| title_short | Adolescence and youth |
| title_sort | adolescence and youth psychological development in a changing world |
| title_sub | psychological development in a changing world |
| topic | Jugendpsychologie (DE-588)4073110-8 gnd Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd Entwicklung (DE-588)4113450-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jugendpsychologie Jugend Entwicklung Einführung |
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