XVI - XVII amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės biografistika:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Litauisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Vilnius
Lietuvių Literatūros ir Tautosakos Inst.
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Senosios literatūros studijos
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016571746&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016571746&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Abstract: | Mit engl. Zusammenfass. |
| Beschreibung: | Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: The genre of biography in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th - 17th centuries |
| Umfang: | 237 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789955698340 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819353258881187840 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TURI
N
Y S
PRATARMÉ g
¡VADAS
13
EUROPOS BIOGRAFISTIKA:
RAIDOS
BRUOŽAI
20
1.
ANTIKINÉ
BIOGRAFIJA
21
Biografijos
žanro pradžia
senovés
Graikijoje
22
Helenistíné
biografìstika
26
Roméniškoji
biografìstika
30
2.
NAUJVJV LAIKV
BIOGRAFÌSTIKA
47
Biografijos
žanras
XIV
amžiuje
49
Biografinés kürybos raida
XV
amžiuje
56
XVI
AMŽIAUS LDK
BIOGRAFISTIKA 70
1.
RENESANSO BIOGRAFIJA: FORMV
¡VAIROVÉ
IR
ŽANRU SINKRETIŠKUMAS
71
2.
BIOGRAFIJA
IR HAGIOGRAFIJA
99
Šv.
Hiacintas ir pal.
Mykolas Giedraitis
99
Šv.
Kazimiero
gyvenimo
aprašymai: nuo
Renesanso iki
Baroko
106
Zacharijas
Ferreria
(i
521) 106
Grigalius Svencickis
(1604) 123
Petras
Skarga
(
і б і о) із і
XVII
AMŽIAUS LDK
BIOGRAFIJOS
136
1.
JÈZUITV
BIOGRAFINE IR
HAGIOGRAFINÊ KÜRYBA
140
Joño Rivockio
biografijos
140
Hagiografiné
jezuitą
biografìstika:
Simonas
Ugnievskis,
Albertas
ir Kazimieras
Vijukai-Kojalavičiai
153
2.
UNITV
BIOGRAFISTIKA:
RAPÓLO KORSAKO
JUOZAPO
BENJAMINU RUTSKIO
GYVENIMAS
(1640) 168
3.
DVARU LITERATU BIOGRAFINIAI KURINIAI:
RADVILU APLINKA
187
4.
ISTORIOGRAFINÉ
VINCENTO KORVINO
GOSEVSKIO BIOGRAFIJA
197
PA
BAI
GA
201
SUMMARY
209
XVI-XVII
AMŽIAUS LDK
BIOGRAFINiy KORINIV
SARASAS
217
LITERATÜROS IR
К1ТЏ
ŠALTINiy
SARAZAS
224
ASMENVARDŽIU
RODYKLÊ
231
THE GENRE OF BIOGRAPHY
IN THE GRAND DUCHY
O F
LITHUANIA
IN THE 16TH-17TH CENTURIES
The monograph is the first attempt to generalise the biographies of the
iőth-i/th
centuries as one of the genres in old Lithuanian literature. The
object of this study is written sources of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that
may be defined as literary biographies, or which are at least closely related
to this genre. Biographical works written in both Polish and Latin are
included. An attempt has been made to discuss or record all biographical
works related to the literary tradition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
that were published or written in the
ićth-iyth
centuries. The material
collected and analysed consists of works that are in various aspects related to
the cultural space of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: written here, written
by the authors residing here, related to Lithuanian
realia,
or describing
outstanding Lithuanian people. In summing up this literary heritage it
is possible to say that six biographical works of the i6th century may be
considered as the heritage of biographical production of the Grand Duchy
of Lithuania (including the work by Christophorus Warsevicius Caesarum,
regum,
et
principům, unius
et eiusdem
partim
generis
et nominis,
partim
etiam
imperii ac
dominationis, Vitarum Paralelhrum,
libri duo
that was
published in
1603,
the year of the author s death). In the 17th century, the
number of biographical works reaches
30,
but some of them are lost and
we can only judge about them by the surviving titles. The greater part of
biographical production in the 17th century consists, with the exception
of nine works, of biographies of
hagiographie
character.
The monograph is of three parts. The first part of the work reviews
the evolution of the genre of biography in Europe. The method chosen
for the review of the genre evolution is not consistent but rather super¬
ficial, yet the attention is focused on essential periods in the tradition of
Western literary biography: first, the shaping of the genre in antiquity
and Greek literature, as well as literary forms in Roman literature, and,
second
-
the revival and flourishing of the genre in the Renaissance epoch.
The discussion of the works from these periods not only singles out the
SUMMARY
209
importam
authors and works; the attention is focused on the aspects of
literary form, the variety of the models of the biography and the aspect
of the syncretism of the genre
-
its ties with related biographical genres
like history, panegyric, etc.
The second part of the monograph is devoted to the biographical
works in the
16th-century
literature of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
There aren t many examples of biographical works from this period, thus
to highlight the genre borders the works of the genres approaching the
biography are resorted to as well. For example,
Rådvillas
(1592)
by Joannes
Radvanus is a work dedicated to the immortalisation and exaltation of
one nobleman, yet the literary means of the portrayal of the hero, the
arrangement of the material and general principles of composition are
characteristic of the heroic or epic poem and are based upon Virgil and
other models of Classical epic poetry. There are few links between the
biography and panegyric prose eulogising the hero {Panegyricus adStepha-
num 1,
15 80,
by Warsevicius)
,
but there are many common aspects in the
biographies and funeral orations. Their similarity to panegyric biographies
was determined by the rhetoric tradition of panegyric orations. On the
other hand, secondary themes, digressions, artistic and literary objectives
of the work that are not related to the
actualisation
of the hero s qualities,
the circumstances and aims of his life change the nature of the work and
distance it from the genre of biography.
The earliest funeral oration written by Venceslaus
Agrippa
in
1553
aims at glorifying Jonas Radvila, the member of the Radvila family; how¬
ever, the portrait created is not of an actual, but of an idealised person,
and there are many features of political and polemic prose. The features
of biography are much more obvious in Andreas Volanus funeral oration
dedicated to Mikalojus Radvila the Red, that was published forty years
later, in
1584.
Here the logical principle of enunciation based on the
description of virtues and qualities is largely replaced by a chronologi¬
cal narrative about the military deeds of the great military leader of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Ioannes Hopius funeral oration dedicated to
Abraomas Kulvietis (published in
1547)
is probably the only biographical
work glorifying a person noted for his literary and cultural activities and
shows that similar tendencies were inherent in the Protestant environment
of
Königsberg
University.
That panegyric works and funeral orations can be seen as related to
the biography or to some extent replacing it is confirmed by the evolu-
210
XVl-XVII
AMŽIAUS
LIETUVOS
DIDŽIOSIOS
KUNIGAIKSTYSTÉS
BIOGIUPISTIKA
tion
of biographic interests of Christophorus Warsevicius. At first they
manifested themselves in Warsevicius panegyric works and funeral ora¬
tions. They unfolded to the full in the collection of biographies Caesarum,
regum,
et
principům, unius
et eiusdem
partim
generis
et nominis,
partim
etiam
imperii
ас
dominationis, Vitarum Paralellarum,
libri duo
(1603)
published late in his life and consisting mostly of biographies of
Jogaik
and Sigismundus Augustus. Although dependant on their
historiographie
sources content-wise, in their form and some features of composition the
biographies of Warsevicius continue the key traditions of the antiquity
biographers, especially those of Plutarch and Svetonius.
Biographical aspects of works of other genres (poems, funeral ora¬
tions, panegyrics) allow concluding that versatility and multifunctional-
ity were among the basic features of old literature of the Grand Duchy
of Lithuania. These factors allowed gathering and realising possibilities
of literary expression of other genres
-
the biography including
—
in the
works claiming dependence to a certain genre. On the other hand, some
works dwelling on outstanding persons are not related to biographies but,
being related to emblematics, didactics, or homiletics, continue a totally
different literary tradition. Such is
Helias Pilgrimovius
book
De Heroibus
in
Dei ecclesia
liber unus, published in
1585.
The most interesting and valuable from the literary point of view
example of
1
6th century biography writing is probably the work by
Paulus
Oderbornius depicting the life of Ivan Vasilyevich, grand duke of Mus¬
covy
(bannis
Basilidis
magni
Moscoviae ducts vita, first edition in
1585).
Despite the chorographic, historical and religious polemical inserts, in
the composition and narrative of the work one can recognise the classical
model of the renaissance biography of a sovereign, which continues the
tradition of the disparaging biography, rather than consider this work the
first novel in the literature of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Hagiographie
life descriptions of the 16th century that make up a
large part of biographical works
ofthat
century should be attributed to the
best examples of the biography. To some extent, hagiographical biographies
continue the traditions of medieval hagiography, yet at the same time they
already possess the features of renaissance style and content. This is con¬
firmed by
Nicolaus
Hussovianus life of St Hyacinth written in verse
{De
vita
etgesth
divi
Hyacinthi,
15 2 5),
in which the author s poetic individuality
and the topicalities of religious life determined heightened attention to
newly reflected truths of the Catholic faith, and their apologetics.
SUMMARY
211
Hagiographie descriptions
of St
Casimirs
life, which reflect conserva¬
tive
hagiographie
requirements and changing literary expression, make
up a separate tradition. Not only is the life of St
Casimir
by the Pope s
legate
Zacharias
Ferreri
(Vita beati
Casimiri
confessons
ex serenissimis Po-
loniae
regibus, et
magnis
Lituaniae ducibus clarissimi) one of the earliest
biographic works written in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (i
520);
it is
also a highly significant fact in Lithuanian culture of the first half of the
1
6th century. It is one of the first books written in Lithuania and one of
the earliest attestations of the humanist style in literature in Lithuania.
Along with other topical religious and cultural issues of the time, it also
offers an original version of the legend about the Lithuanians Roman
origins. The work links in itself the intonations of the Holy Writ, the
hagiographie
model of the depiction of the virtues of a saint with the
means of epideictic rhetoric. This work acquired new features after being
rewritten by later authors, to whom it was a direct or indirect example and
source. Such new features can be observed in
Gregorius Swiecicius
work
[Gloriosissimi
Confessons
Diui Casimiri vita,
1604).
It is characterised by
ornate style and attention to miracles that are described in a separate part.
This author picks from Ferreri only those facts, which are directly related
to the saint; therefore his work is more consistent and better balanced
from the point of view of composition.
The emergence of
hagiographie
works about St
Casimir
coincides
with significant changes in Lithuanian culture. The two mentioned works
as if frame the change of cultural epochs: The Life by
Zacharias
Ferreri
coincided with the perceptible threat of Martin Luther s teachings, with
first gleams of the Reformation in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as well
as with first brighter phenomena of the renaissance culture in Lithuania.
At the turn of the century, along with other cultural phenomena of the
Counter-Reformation that was gaining dominance, the new description
of the life of the saint by marks the entrenchment of a new cultural epoch,
the Baroque. In the third description of St
Casimirs
life by
Piotr Skarga
[Żywot świętego Kazimierza królewica polskiego wyjęty z kronik polskich,
1610)
we can also discern the author s aspirations as a preacher, the Jesuits
characteristic striving to make use of accessible historical sources, as well
as a reserved attitude to the abundance of miracles related to the saint s
heavenly assistance.
The third part of the work deals with biographies of the 17th century;
it discusses new phenomena and new types of biographies, characteristic
212
XVI-XVII
AMŽIAUS
LIETUVOS
DIDŽIOSIOS KUNIGAIKŠTYSTÉS BIOGRAFISTIKA
features
of the Baroque epoch and ties with the Classical tradition. More
biographical works are written, and those works are more diverse as com¬
pared with the
1
6th century. Most of biographies are written in Latin.
From the late i6th century Jesuits were active in various literary
fields, while in the 17th century the Jesuits biographic production can
be distinguished as a distinctive and mature literary phenomenon. The
Jesuit authors writing about the lives of persons holding high positions in
the state or the Church used and perfected the literary model of oratori¬
cal panegyric biography. It manifested a good knowledge of the rhetoric,
the inseparable part of Jesuit education, yet they also exploited the renais¬
sance form of biography in prose. These features were inherent in Joannes
Rywocius biographies of Leo
Sapieha
and Simon
Rudnički,
the bishop of
Warmia
(both published in
1645).
Jesuits wrote, or translated from other
languages, a large number of lives of saints, yet the originality of the Jesuits
biographical production is best revealed in
hagiographie
biographies mostly
describing those members of the Society of Jesus whose holy life made it
possible to expect their canonisation. Autobiographical and biographical
works related to the personality of the founder of the Order, St Ignatius
Loyola, serve as an example for such biographies that are best represented
by the works of the brothers
Albertas
Kojalavičius
{De vita et moribus R. P.
Laurentii Bartilii e
Societate
lesu,
1645)
and Casimirus
Kojalavičius
{Vita
Venerabais Patris
Nicolai
Lanciai e
Societate
Jesu, ca. 1643).
What distin¬
guishes the Jesuit
hagiographie
biography from that of the Middle Ages is
psychological insight, the striving to convey to the reader authentic spiritual
religious experience, its documental quality and the abundance of realistic
details in the descriptions of the heroes. The importance of the biography
in the Jesuit writings is well emphasised by the striving to immortalise, at
least in short life descriptions, not only the lives of the outstanding fathers,
but also those of numerous brothers of the fraternity who lived a holy life;
also, by several instances when such strivings turned into a broader life
descriptions with literary features characteristic of this genre.
An interesting phenomenon was the
Uniate
biographic production
resulting from the interaction with Western literary and
hagiographie
tra¬
dition and with the literary models propagated by the Jesuits. Although
unfinished and never published, one of the most impressive
Uniate
bio¬
graphies is the biography of the
Uniate
metropolitan Joseph Velamin
Rutski, written in Latin by his successor Raphael
Korsak
in Rome in
1640.
The appearance of this memorable literary work was determined
SUMMARY
2,13
by a coincidence of some of the circumstances of its creation: the authors
literary talent and close relation with the personality described, his high
position in the Church and good education that helped him to accumu¬
late considerable knowledge and assess it, his ability to use this suggestive
form of Western literature brought to perfection by the Jesuits, which
has a direct link with the tradition of the lives of saints in consolidation
and defence of the
Uniate
identity. It is not only a literary document per¬
petuating common sites of memory that turned into significant signs for
this identity; here we can get to know, at close range, not only numerous
biographical facts and turns, but also the hero s complicated experience
in his spiritual and religious search. There arises here the dramatic aspect
of complex choices touching the depths of the human spirit; it is sup¬
plemented by episodes of inter-confessional strives, martyrdom, attempts
on lives, rebellions and their stifling.
The form of literary biography was exploited also in the works of
estate writers, whose aim was to perpetuate and glorify the most outstand¬
ing representatives of the families of their patrons. The biography takes a
special place in the cultural environment of the Radvila (Radziwitl) family.
Baroque biographies stand out in their links with memoir writing popular
at the time. Among other biographical works dedicated to the Radvila
family, a closer look is taken at the biography of the nobleman Boguslovas
Radvila Vita clarissimi ac
illustrissimi
principis
domini
Boguslai Radzivili
(written by Samuel Pszypkowski in
1666-1669,
ater expanded and re¬
written) and the biography of
Albertas
Stanislovas Radvila by
Stanisław
Tokarski
Memorial
Świętej Pamięci
X.
Imci.
Albrechta
Radziwiłła
{terminus
ad
quem
of the manuscript writing
- 1696).
These biographical works
refer to a large extent to autobiographical works and diaries of the dukes
Radvila. The works of the biographers of this family reveal the flexibility
of the genre in Baroque epoch. The biography, along with other works
intended for the funeral, remained topical not only in perpetuating the
memory of a nobleman; many years after the hero s death the reminiscences
of a former court member would be written as a biography. Salomon
Rysinius original work on the origins of the Radvila family
{De origine
gentis
Radiviliae syntagma) shows that research into a family s genealogy
could grow into a collection of biographies. Biographies written in the
Radvila environment were both a reflection of the literary tendencies of the
epoch and a valuable means of political struggle in which various aspects
of apologetic, propagandist and religious polemic were in harmony.
214
XVI-XVII
AMŽIAUS
LIETUVOS
DIDŽIOSIOS
KUNIGAIKSTYSTÉS
BIOGRAFISTIKA
Historiography is one of the fields of literature with which biography
writing is closely connected; the common literary and interest aspects
(the narrative is based on the description of past events) often bring the
works from those fields of old literature quite close. The type of biog¬
raphy bordering on historiography is represented by Samuel
Więsławski
biography of Vincentius Corvinus Gosiewski Victor
et victus
Vincentius
Corvinus Gosiewski (published in
1691).
Here the hero s life is depicted
against a broad background of historical events that quite often have
nothing in common with the person described and his qualities, yet the
authors panegyric purposes stand out.
Social, religious and literary situation in the Grand Duchy of Lithua¬
nia determined that here biographic production did not manifest itself
in all forms known in European literature. The publishing biography
describing the life of the author of published works did not develop; there
aren t any biographies of artists, or extended biographies by writers about
other writers. Yet various other types of
hagiographie
and panegyric biog¬
raphy, as well as biography close to historiography that are characterised
by common European tendencies in biography writing were abundant.
The existence and variety of biographical works next to such literary fields
like historiography, memoirs, occasional literature, rhetoric, works of po¬
litical and religious polemics and treatises was especially pronounced and
significant in the 17th century when Baroque epoch was at its height.
The book ends with a list of sources that includes not only the works
discussed, but also all 16th-17th century biographical works on which
data could be found
-
biographies and works of related genres, which are
analysed in the context of the development of biography writing.
SUMMARY
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Čiurinskas, Mintautas 1970- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1186858036 |
| author_facet | Čiurinskas, Mintautas 1970- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Čiurinskas, Mintautas 1970- |
| author_variant | m č mč |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023388776 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)239686925 (DE-599)GBV539667420 |
| era | Geschichte 1500-1700 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1500-1700 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie |
| geographic | Großfürstentum Litauen (DE-588)4499060-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großfürstentum Litauen |
| id | DE-604.BV023388776 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T13:15:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789955698340 |
| language | Lithuanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016571746 |
| oclc_num | 239686925 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 237 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Lietuvių Literatūros ir Tautosakos Inst. |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Senosios literatūros studijos |
| spellingShingle | Čiurinskas, Mintautas 1970- XVI - XVII amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės biografistika |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4499060-1 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | XVI - XVII amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės biografistika |
| title_auth | XVI - XVII amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės biografistika |
| title_exact_search | XVI - XVII amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės biografistika |
| title_full | XVI - XVII amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės biografistika Mintautas Čiurinskas |
| title_fullStr | XVI - XVII amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės biografistika Mintautas Čiurinskas |
| title_full_unstemmed | XVI - XVII amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės biografistika Mintautas Čiurinskas |
| title_short | XVI - XVII amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės biografistika |
| title_sort | xvi xvii amziaus lietuvos didziosios kunigaikstystes biografistika |
| topic_facet | Großfürstentum Litauen Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016571746&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016571746&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ciurinskasmintautas xvixviiamziauslietuvosdidziosioskunigaikstystesbiografistika |