Atmospheric degradation of organic substances: data for persistence and long-range transport potential
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Weinheim
Wiley-VCH-Verl.
2007
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2856457&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9783527316069.pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015666145&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Umfang: | XV, 241 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783527316069 352731606X |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819303399306297344 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | XIII
Contents
Foreword V
Preface IX
Chapter 1 Significance of Photo-degradation in Environmental Risk Assessment 1
1 Introduction 1
2 Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential in Chemicals
Regulation 2
3 Multimedia Models as Tools to Estimate Persistence and
Long-range Transport Potential 8
4 Data Requirements for Multimedia Models 10
5 Estimation of the Rate Constant of Organic Substances with
Hydroxyl Radicals 11
6 Research Requirements for Photo-degradation of Semi-volatile
Substances 13
7 Conclusions 15
References 15
Chapter 2 Abiotic Degradation in the Atmosphere 21
1 Introduction 21
2 Photo-degradation in the Homogenous Gas Phase of the
Troposphere 22
2.1 Indirect Photochemical Reactions 22
2.1.1 The Reaction with OH-Radicals 22
2.1.1.1 Sources and Sinks of the OH-Radical 22
2.1.1.2 Reactions of OH with Organic Compounds 24
2.1.2 The Reaction with NO3-Radicals 28
2.1.2.1 Sources and Sinks of the NO3-Radical 28
2.1.2.2 Reactions of NO3 with Organic Compounds 31
2.1.3 The Reaction with Ozone 32
2.1.3.1 Sources and Sinks of O3 in the Troposphere 32
2.1.3.2 Reactions of Oj with Organic Compounds 34
Atmospheric Degradation of Organic Substances. W. Klopffer and B. O. Wagner
Copyright © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISBN: 978-3-527-31606-9
XIV Contents
2.2 Direct Photochemical Reactions 35
2.2.1 Quantum Efficiency 35
2.2.2 Examples of Photochemical Reactions in the Gas Phase 39
3 Heterogeneous Degradation 43
3.1 Degradation on Solid Surfaces 43
3.1.1 Introduction 43
3.1.2 Degradation on Fly Ash and Soot 45
3.1.3 Degradation on Artificial Aerosols 45
3.2 Degradation in Droplets 50
3.2.1 Direct Photochemical Transformation 50
3.2.2 Reactive Trace Compounds in Cloud, Fog and Rainwater 51
3.2.3 Reactions of Organic Molecules 57
3.2.4 Summary 59
4 Experimental 60
4.1 Indirect Photochemical Degradation 60
4.1.1 Bimolecular Reaction with OH 60
4.1.1.1 Direct Methods for Measuring fcOH 60
4.1.1.2 Indirect Methods for the Measurement of fe0H 62
4.1.2 Bimolecular Reaction with NO3 68
4.1.2.1 Introduction 68
4.1.2.2 Absolute Measurement 69
4.1.2.3 Relative Measurements 69
4.1.3 Bimolecular Reaction with Ozone 70
4.2 Direct Photo-transformation 71
4.2.1 Determination of the Quantum Efficiency in the Gas Phase 71
4.2.1.1 Gas Cuvette and Monochromatic Radiation 71
4.2.1.2 Smog-chamber Method 74
4.2.2 Outlook 74
4.3 Degradation in the Adsorbed State 75
4.3.1 Introduction 75
4.3.2 Aerosol Chambers 76
4.3.3 Alternative Measurements of fc0Hads 77
5 Additional Information Necessary for Calculating Lifetimes 78
5.1 Atmospheric Lifetimes 78
5.2 Indirect Photochemical Degradation 82
5.2.1 Average OH Concentration in the Troposphere 82
5.2.2 Average NO3 Concentration in the Troposphere 86
5.2.3 Average O3 Concentration in the Troposphere 87
5.3 Direct Photochemical Degradation 89
5.3.1 Introduction 89
5.3.2 Absorption Spectrum 89
5.3.3 Spectral Photon Irradiance 91
5.3.4 Final Comments on Direct and Indirect Photochemical
Transformation 93
References 94
Contents XV
Chapter 3 Table of Reaction Rate Constants of Photo-Degradation Processes 107
1 Content of the Table 107
2 Explanation of the Column Headings 108
3 Content of the Footnotes 109
4 Completeness and Accuracy 209
5 Atmospheric Half-lives 109
6 Selection of Substances 110
7 Quality Index (QI) 111
8 Temperature Dependence of the Rate Constant 111
9 Pressure Dependence of the Rate Constant 112
10 Direct Photolysis 113
Table: Reaction Rate Constants and Quantum Efficiencies for
Atmospheric Photo-degradation of Chemicals 115
Footnotes to the Table 170
References to the Table 180
Appendix: CAS Register 209
Subject Index 237
|
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T12:55:51Z |
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| spellingShingle | Klöpffer, Walter Wagner, Burkhard O. Atmospheric degradation of organic substances data for persistence and long-range transport potential Chimie de l'atmosphère Composés organiques - Biodégradation Umwelt Environmental chemistry Organic compounds Biodegradation Organic compounds Environmental aspects Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd Fotooxidation (DE-588)4174537-1 gnd Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd VOC Ökologische Chemie (DE-588)4351499-6 gnd |
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| title | Atmospheric degradation of organic substances data for persistence and long-range transport potential |
| title_auth | Atmospheric degradation of organic substances data for persistence and long-range transport potential |
| title_exact_search | Atmospheric degradation of organic substances data for persistence and long-range transport potential |
| title_full | Atmospheric degradation of organic substances data for persistence and long-range transport potential Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner |
| title_fullStr | Atmospheric degradation of organic substances data for persistence and long-range transport potential Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atmospheric degradation of organic substances data for persistence and long-range transport potential Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner |
| title_short | Atmospheric degradation of organic substances |
| title_sort | atmospheric degradation of organic substances data for persistence and long range transport potential |
| title_sub | data for persistence and long-range transport potential |
| topic | Chimie de l'atmosphère Composés organiques - Biodégradation Umwelt Environmental chemistry Organic compounds Biodegradation Organic compounds Environmental aspects Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd Fotooxidation (DE-588)4174537-1 gnd Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd VOC Ökologische Chemie (DE-588)4351499-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chimie de l'atmosphère Composés organiques - Biodégradation Umwelt Environmental chemistry Organic compounds Biodegradation Organic compounds Environmental aspects Umweltchemikalie Fotooxidation Atmosphäre VOC Ökologische Chemie Datensammlung |
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