Imitatio Romae - Karel IV. a Řím:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Tschechisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Artefactum, Ústav Dějin Umění AV ČR
2006
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| Ausgabe: | 1. vydání |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015614705&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015614705&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache unter dem Titel: Imitatio Romae: Charles IV and Rome |
| Umfang: | 441 Seiten Illustrationen, 1 Karte, Pläne |
| ISBN: | 8086890074 |
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Resumé
Imitatio Romae. Charles
Already, as a result of his first coronation as King of the Romans in Bonn
in
heritage of his predecessors on the Roman throne. He was above all declaring
that he was following in the tradition of Charlemagne, whose name he had
already taken at his confirmation. Prague now became a new centre of the
cult of Charlemagne, alongside Aachen. But after his second coronation in
Rome in
rial and universal dimension; from now on, like his predecessors, he could
announce his claims to rule the world and the whole of Christendom. The
source of these aspirations was the "head of the world"
The main theme of this work is therefore the question of the place occupied
by Rome in the cultural setting of Charles IV's time. Imitatio Romae did not
just mean Rome as the inspiration for the construction of imperial Prague,
but is understood in a much broader sense. It relates to all the motifs that
appeared in the culture of Charles's day and which were connected with
Rome and its position.
The historical Rome and the imaginary one
In a survey of the history of Rome from the end of antiquity till the dawn
of the Renaissance (II.
of the metropolis of antiquity into the papal city the spiritual centre of the
West. The image of Rome, however, was not formed only by actual events
(11.2),
Rome often merged into the historical one, and indeed sometimes myths
could be more powerful than real events.
Ideas about Rome could be divided into three groups, which overlapped
in people's imagination: Rome as the city of wonders, Rome as the holy city
and the seat of the popes, and Rome as the city from whence the power of
the emperors was derived. Roman mirabilia came into being through the
medieval interpretation of the ruins of Roman monuments from antiquity.
Some of them were completely fabricated (for example the
on the Roman Capitol), while in other cases a completely different func¬
tion was ascribed to a certain monument (for example the Colosseum was
thought to be the temple of the sun god, the statue of Marcus Aurelius was
believed to have been the statue of
cone from the atria of St. Peter was supposed to have rested on an opening
419
in the roof of the Pantheon). These invented stories, which were first set
down in writing in the 12th century (in what were known as the Mirabilia
Romai)
the truth of them.
However, above all, crowds of pilgrims flocked to Rome, drawn by a vision
of the holy city in which the princes of the apostles, Saints Peter and Paul,
had died as martyrs, and whose soil was literally soaked with the blood of
thousands of other martyrs. The city was full of churches where precious
relics were deposited, and where the pilgrims could gain numerous indul¬
gences. Special graces derived from the fact that Rome was the seat of the
pope, the sole legitimate successor of Peter, who was also the heir to the
past glories of the City. However, he was not the only heir.
Starting in the year
their claim to continue the imperial tradition of Rome. A coronation in
Rome became an indispensable ceremony for the elected King of the
Romans, forming the basis of his right to the imperial title and with it his
aspiration to have power over the whole of Christendom. Although (with
the exception of Otto III) the medieval emperors in fact never had their
residence in Rome, they nevertheless designated Rome as the
Not only did they regard the Roman Emperors and the Byzantine Emper
ors
they also felt that they were successors to the rulers of the three previous
world empires (Babylon, Persia or Carthage, and the empire of Alexander of
Macedonia). The Roman Empire was the fourth and last world empire. Just
as in the past the supreme power had passed from one empire to another,
so in a similar way power had been passed on within the Roman Empire
(the
the Franks and the Germans.
The image of Rome in Bohemia in pre-Hussite times
The image of the Eternal City in pre-Hussite Bohemia (II.
the basis of mutual contacts and the literature that was available. People used
to travel to the Eternal City from Bohemia for two reasons, which in practice
were often joined together: firstly they went to the papal court on official
matters and secondly they made pilgrimages to the tombs of the apostles.
Some Bohemians settled in the City permanently in the papal services, such
as
contemporary records. Unfortunately we cannot ascertain from the avail¬
able sources what impressions visitors brought home to Bohemia from their
visits to Rome, nor what knowledge they brought back with them about its
appearance and history. They were probably very similar to the reports that
420
are to be found in the Czech lands in a number of copies of the Mirabilia
Romae or in the foreword to the Chronicle of Martin of
The only Czech chronicle that attempted to describe the fabled history of
Rome was the Chronicle ofJohnMarignola(II.3.a), which this well-travelled
Italian Minorite wrote between
sioned to do so by Charles IV The Chronicle was intended to explain and
justify why it was that the imperial title came to a descendant of the Czech
dynasty, Charles
Its account of early Roman history is based on generally well-known sources
(Augustine's book
Viterbo), but in some points Marignola was completely original (such as the
overthrow of Amulius or how Rome was founded with the help of ropes).
Marignola's Roman history is not particularly interesting in itself, but what
is important is that it is brought into immediate contact with Czech history,
as though the two were closely connected.
Medieval depictions of the city of Rome of Bohemians origin
show that Rome was the most frequently depicted city in the Middle Ages.
However, in depicting it painters used general schemes for the representa¬
tion of cities, and in not a single case did they try to make their portrayal
of the City more specific by depicting one of its real buildings. The oldest
Czech picture of Rome is to be found in the initial
a reading from Paul's letter to the Romans in the Book of Epistles of the
Diocese of Prague from around the year
Museum in Prague, cod.
Paul's letter to the Romans in a Franciscan bible from around the year
(Library of the National Museum in Prague, cod.
Charles IVs two visits to Rome
For Charles, the more important of his two visits to the Eternal City was
undoubtedly the first one in
Holy Roman Empire on Easter Sunday
the evening of Maundy Thursday till the evening of Holy Saturday, Charles
had made a pilgrimage around the main Roman basilicas, incognito and ac¬
companied only by a small retinue
took place with the tacit consent of the Pope, to whom Charles had given
an undertaking that he would enter the city and remain within its gates
only on the day of his coronation. The journey must have been prepared
in advance, as can be seen, by example, from the accommodation that had
been reserved and the gifts of relics. On the evening of Maundy Thursday
Charles entered the City, was accommodated in the house of the canons
of St. Peter's (accompanied by Benedetto
421
visited St. Peter's Basilica and saw the True Icon (Veronica). Early next
morning he moved on to the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls, where
he was accompanied by Abbot
and after it grew dark he moved on again. He went to the
he visited the basilica, and from there continued to Santa Maria
and Santa Prassede. After a short rest he continued on a further pilgrim¬
age on the morning of Holy Saturday. "We do not know the exact route he
took, but he may have visited the churches of Santa Maria in Aracoeli or St.
Peter in Chains. We do know that he visited the Basilica of St. Silvester and
continued from there to the papal palace by St. Peter's, where he revealed
himself at vesper time.
The high point of Charles's life was his coronation in the Basilica
of St. Peter
Świdnica
the first among the cardinals, Pierre
so a number of rituals that were normally part of the ceremony had to
be left out (for example, kissing the Pope's feet). Charles did not receive
a minor order during his coronation (the anointing was not a sacrament,
only a sacramental), but still his imperial status entitled him to carry out
certain liturgical functions that were otherwise reserved for those who
were ordained. The coronation was a major event. Contemporaries ap¬
preciated in particular its peaceful character and entertained vain hopes
that Charles would renew the glory of the Roman Empire. The sole source
for reconstructing Charles's pilgrimage and coronation is the work by the
secretary of the Cardinal Bishop of
Liber
For his second visit in the year
we do not have such a good source. Apart from the initial ceremonies (the
entrance of the Emperor, the entrance of the Pope, and the coronation of
the Empress) we know almost nothing about Charles's stay. He used these
celebrations to demonstrate his personal piety and his calling as Emperor to
be the protector of the Church. Firstly, during his imperial entry he refused
any form of homage and entered the gate of the City on foot, and later he
welcomed the Pope at the gate of the City and led him to the square in
front of St. Peter's, holding his horse by the bridle. Already at this stage
Charles IV was thus intentionally modelling himself on the most Christian
of Emperors,
Silvester the same service (pfficiumstratoris) and transferred the City to him.
Later, Charles was to be described as a second
act. Pope Urban V was evidently also compared to St. Silvester, as portraits
of him testify.
422
The coronation of Elizabeth of
press was crowned on her own without the Emperor, who was merely an
onlooker at the ceremony and served the Pope at the altar during the service.
The Emperor filled the following weeks in the Eternal City mainly by diplo¬
matic negotiations, during which it no doubt did not escape his notice that
there had been a renewed boom in building activities since the return of the
Pope. Apart from a collection of precious relics, Charles no doubt brought
back home with him inspiration for further cultural undertakings.
The representation of Charles's Roman dignity in the Chronicle
of John Marignola
Charles's attempt to legitimise his attainment of the imperial title was well
represented in the Chronicle of John Marignola. The genealogical origin of
Charles IV (IV
family tree of the Luxembourg dynasty was alleged to extend from Noah and
Jupiter down via Charlemagne to the members of the Luxembourg family in
the fourteenth century. Marignola added Caesar to this well-known geneal¬
ogy. This may have been done by mistake, or else on purpose in order to
enhance the family tree. However, the chronicler's main task was to compile
the family tree of Charles's mother
of the Czechs. In accordance with medieval theories about the origin of
the nations, he tried to identify the primogenitor of the Czechs among the
descendants of Noah, specifically among the sons and grandsons of Noah's
third son Japheth. In this, Marignola drew on the work of his contempo¬
rary and fellow-Franciscan John of
biblie.
Japheth's grandson though his son Janan. Marignola, however, complicated
things somewhat. Elishah's descendants were Slavs, and it was only from
that part of them who intermarried with the daughters of another son of
Japheth, Gomer, that the Czechs were descended. The Czechs were thus,
according to Marignola, close relations of the Greeks (whose primogenitor
was Janan) and the Italians (whose forefather was also Janan), and even of
the French. The forefather of the latter was Gomer, whose daughters were
taken by the first Czechs as wives. His genealogical origin did not only pre¬
destine Charles IV to acquire the imperial dignity; in addition, because he
was a Slav (which comes from the word glory
explains), he was predestined to achieve great success.
In a similar way, Marignola tried to glorify the line of the Czech clergy
(IV.
a history of the priesthood from Abel down to the Archbishop of Prague,
Arnošt
423
ment
to the fact that the Czech bishops were linked to St. Peter through the
apostolic succession. Charles IV tried to demonstrate the close connec¬
tion with St. Peter by further symbolic acts, for example by incorporating
one third of the crozier of St. Peter into the crozier of the Archbishops
of Prague, and by using a fragment of the chain of St. Peter to make the
Archbishops' ring.
Tradition imperatorum
In the history of the emperors, seen as continuing from the first emperor
Octavian
greatest popularity in the days of Charles IV:
peror
in the history of the emperorship. The first of them was the founder of the
Roman Empire, the second was the first Christian Emperor, who transferred
the emperorship to the Greeks, and the third was the first Frankish Emperor,
who transferred the imperial crown back from the Greeks to the West into
the hands of the Franks. It was no doubt for this reason that these three
figures went beyond the bounds of mere historical description, and round
each of them there gathered a circle of legends that attempted to explain
what could not be found in ordinary history: why it was that they found
themselves in such key roles. In the Middle Ages, the best-known stories
about the first two are directly connected with Rome.
The Emperor
Empire, was chosen by God to be the ruler under whose reign the Saviour
was born. He was intended to prepare the world for the Saviour's coming
by taking control over it and establishing peace in it.
had exceptional qualities attributed to him; he was even said to be the
first person to honour the Virgin Mary A legend of how he had a vision of
a woman in the sun was well known in the time of Charles IV Marignola
recorded it in his Chronicle, and we also find it depicted in the cycle of
wall paintings in the Emmaus Monastery in Prague. The story tells how
the Emperor
allow the Senate to proclaim him as a god. After three days spent in his
bedroom in the Capitol, the Sybil revealed to him that in a short time
the true God would come. Then the Emperor saw the heavens opening
and a woman standing in the sun with a child in her arms. The Emperor
bowed down to the boy, and had an altar built to the child's mother at
the place where he had the vision. It was on this site in the Capitol that
the church of Santa Maria in Aracoeli was later built. Through this story
the veneration of Mary acquired a representative imperial character for
424
Charles
peror
he sang in full imperial dignity the gospel story of how a decree was issued
by Caesar Augustus.
The Emperor
Christian ruler, thanks to the completely imaginary legend about Pope Sil¬
vester, who was supposed to have cured the Emperor's leprosy by baptising
him. As a reward,
gifts and accorded him privileges (the so-called "Donation of
and himself left Rome for the East and founded Constantinople. This story
still made its presence felt in Rome, especially in the
imaginary story was supposed to have taken place. Throughout practically
the whole of the Middle Ages the truth of this legend was not questioned,
although opinions as to its significance varied. Charles IV would certainly
have known this story from Constantine's life as well, for it is to be found
in two of Charles's chroniclers: Neplach and Marignola.
Marignola gives part of the "Donation of
but interprets it as confirming the Pope's primacy over the Church, not
the superiority of the papal power over that of the Emperor. Marignola's
interpretation corresponds to the political steps taken by Charles IV, who,
while cooperating closely with the Pope, certainly did not do so at the ex¬
pense of his own power as Emperor. In connection with the way he ushered
Urban V into Rome
staged following the model of the Emperor
other features, Charles IV was compared after his death to
who was considered to be the model of the ideal Christian ruler.
Prague and Rome
As the new seat of the Emperor, Prague could be compared to Rome, just
like a number of other cities where Emperors had resided. Charles IV
tried not only to rebuild it into a magnificent residence, but also wanted
to transform it into a Holy City (VI.
to assemble and present holy relics there. Displaying relics on the feast of
the Lord's Lance and Nails was intended to attract large numbers of pilgrims
to Prague and to demonstrate that the city was the new residence of the
Roman Emperor. The imperial subtext of this feast is well illustrated by
the texts in the breviary office and the formulae for the Mass, which were
written at the wish of Charles IV. The feast day was instituted in
to be celebrated on the Friday after the second Sunday of Easter, and was
endowed with a generous number of indulgences by the Pope. The display of
the relics took place on the Cattle Marketplace in Prague, where they were
425
exhibited on wooden platforms prepared in advance, together with other
relics of imperial
There was a second presentation in Prague, intended to celebrate the
Bohemian Kingdom and its metropolitan church, which took place every
seven years in Prague Cathedral. The celebration was held to venerate part
of the robe
and given to the Cathedral in Prague as a gift. The display of this relic in
this seven-year cycle was probably repeated during the course of the year
on liturgically important days. A more extensive presentation of the Cathe¬
dral relics then took place in this "year of grace", as it was known, in the
week before the Assumption of Our Lady. Records of the order in which
the relics were displayed are still preserved: what is known as the "shorter
display" lists the relics shown on the Cattle Marketplace on the feat of
the Holy Lance and Nails, while the "longer display" records a list of the
relics presented in Prague Cathedral. (Both texts have been re-edited and
included in an appendix.)
Charles IV acquired a large number of relics, with which he enhanced the
imperial or Prague collection of relics, in Rome itself (VI.2). In particular,
most of the relics in a collection presented as the third item in the display
on the feast of the Holy Lance and Nails had been acquired by Charles as
a gift from Urban V These were the cloak of John the Evangelist, part of
the Lord's crib, links from the chains of Saints Peter, Paul, and John the
Evangelist, and the bloody veil with which Christ had been tied to the cross.
These relics were intended to preserve the memory of Charles IV in the
collection of imperial
Further relics that he had brought from Rome were presented by Charles
as a gift to Prague Cathedral. By means of his generous gifts the Emperor
wanted to raise the status of Prague Cathedral to the level of other imperial
churches that could boast of similar collections. Relics that were supposed
to indicate the link between Prague and the Papal See acquired a special
significance. These were the third part of the crozier of St. Peter inserted in
the crozier of the Prague archbishops and the fragment of St. Peter's chain
incorporated in the ring of the Prague archbishops, as mentioned earlier,
and part of the crozier of St. Paul that was inserted in the crozier carried
by the deacon at pontifical masses.
In addition to relics, Charles IVbrought copies of two holy pictures back
with him from Rome. The first of these was what was known as the Veronica
or True Icon, the true face of Christ, which was preserved in the Basilica
of St. Peter. During the course of the 13th century the True Icon become
one of the most venerated items in Rome, and its popularity increased in
particular during Holy Years. Pilgrims now came to St. Peter's mainly so as
426
to be able to look at the true face of Christ. Charles also longed to do this,
and his wish was granted on Maundy Thursday in the year
Cardinal Bishop of
not until his second visit to Rome in
from Pope Urban V to have an exact copy made of the true image of Christ.
In addition, perhaps to confirm its authenticity, he received from the Pope
one of the veils that covered the True Icon in the basilica and was in direct
contact with it. On the basis of the Roman copy (which is still preserved
today in the treasury of St. Vitus's Cathedral in Prague, inventory no.
Charles later had a Czech copy made (inventory no.
adherence to the dimensions of the original in copying it indicate that the
Roman copy did indeed faithfully reproduce the Roman original. (We no
longer know what the original looked like because it was lost during the sack
of Rome in
wanted to emphasise the city's closeness to Rome. However, in the setting
of imperial Prague the true face of Christ acquired a new, protective, func¬
tion, rather like that of another true image of Christ, the "Mandylion" of
the Byzantine Emperors.
Charles had a similar aim in mind when he acquired a copy of the icon of
the Madonna from the church of Santa Maria in Aracoeli. This grace-confer
ring picture was also intended to extend its protective power over Prague and
Bohemia. The popularity of the Aracoeli Madonna was greater than that of
the other images of Mary in Rome, because the Romans ascribed to it the
miraculous protection of their city from the plague in
represents the Virgin Mary as intercessor, but it was interpreted as an image
of Our Lady of Sorrows beneath the cross. This idea was incorporated into
the copy of the picture that Charles brought with him from Rome, for in
it, by contrast to its Roman model, the Virgin Mary is stained with drops
of blood. These drops of blood are also to be found on all further Czech
copies of the Aracoeli Madonna. The veneration of this picture may also
be connected with the bloodstained robe of the Virgin Mary, part of which
was also preserved in Prague Cathedral.
Thanks to Charles IV, Prague (VI.
of the Roman Empire, whose extensive layout and magnificent buildings
made it capable of adequately representing the Emperor, who was at the
same time King of Bohemia. Charles certainly had this aim in mind when
he commissioned his building work in Prague. Just as the role of King of
Bohemia was inseparably linked in his person with that of Roman Emperor,
so the capital cities of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Roman Empire were
mutually connected. The traditional residence of the Kings of Bohemia was
designated for royal representation: Prague Castle, castrum
427
was planned that the universal conception of the Roman Empire would be
primarily represented by the newly-founded NewTown of Prague, which in
its magnificence was intended to represent the Roman Emperor. The New
Town was supposed to become the setting for the annual display of the impe¬
rial
monasteries shows that the Emperor wanted to demonstrate his claim to
rule over the whole of Christendom. The image of Prague as the seat of
the Emperor had to include a reference to the seat of Peter in Rome. This
role was fulfilled by the
the Chapter of St. Peter in the
subject to the Pope, and by transferring the altar of St. Peter from Pisa to
the
the seat of St. Peter sicutRome (as the chronicler Marignola puts it).
Conclusion
Although the main source of inspiration for the way Charles IV represented
himself as a ruler is generally considered to be the French royal court, there
can be no doubt that in establishing his imperial dignity he followed on from
the imperial tradition. It is to this tradition that the "Roman motifs" we
have described should be attributed. Taken individually, they may appear
to be unimportant, but the broader context clearly demonstrates that their
significance cannot be ignored. In his imperial policy Charles was a realist; he
did not seriously think about renewing the Roman Empire or acquiring the
imperial territories in Italy, nor about transforming Rome into his imperial
residence. Nevertheless, as Roman Emperor he did not forget the former
seat of the Emperors. He espoused the tradition of the Roman Emperors,
considered himself to be their descendant and successor, and used the image
of Rome, although not completely consistently, in order to propagate his
own power and glory, as we are reminded by the inscription in the imperial
hall in
Překlad
428
Kateřina Kubínová
IMITATIO
ROMAE
KAREL
IV.
A ŘÍM
ARTEFACTUM
ÚSTAV DĚJIN UMĚNÍ AV ČR
Praha
2006
OBSAH
I.
Uvod
. 9
H. Rím
historický
a Rím
imaginární
. 15
II.
1
Řím mezi antikou a renesancí
. 17
II.
2
Rím v
představách středověku
. 38
II.
2.
a. Řím, městopodivuhodností
. 38
II.
2.
b
Svaté město Řím
. 49
II.
2.
с
Řím město císařů
. 56
II.
2.
d Invektívy
vůči Římu
. 61
II.
3
Obraz
Ríma v
Cechách doby předhusitské
. 63
II.
3.
з.
Báje o založení města Říma v Marignolově kronice
. 84
II.
3.
b
Zobrazení Říma v umění českého středověku
. 94
III.
Dvojí setkání Karla
IV.
s
Věčným městem
.105
III.
1
Karlova římská pout'na Velikonoce léta Páně
1355. 107
III.
2
Korunovace Karla
IV.
císařem říše římské
. 123
III.
3
Návrat v roce
1368. 137
IV.
Odraz Karlova římského důstojenství v kronice Jana Marignoly
.151
IV.
1
Původ Karla
IV.
-
předurčení
к
císařské koruně
. 153
IV.
2
Čeští biskupové dědici svatého Petra
. 165
V. Traditio imperatorum
.179
V.
3
Císař
Augustus
a tradice mariánského kultu
. 181
V.
2
Císař Konstantin, vzor křesťanského panovníka
. 197
VI.PrahaaŘím
.217
VI.
1
Praha jako svaté město
.221
VI.
2
Římské relikvie a jejich role v Karlově koncepci
.238
VI.
2. &
Relikvie
k
slávě císaře a císařství
.238
VI.
2.
Ъ
„K slavě a povýšení svatého kostela pražského".
.248
VI.
3
Svaté obrazy
.257
VI.
3.
a Veronika
.260
VI.
3.
b
MadonaAracoeli
.270
VI.
4
Praha jako sídlo císaře všeho křesťanstva
.275
VII.
Závěr
. 287
Příloha
1.
a Pořadí ukazování ostatků ve svátek Kopí a hřebů Páně
. 291
Příloha
1.
b
Pořadí ukazování ostatků při tzv pražském milostivém létě
. 295
Zkratky
. 299
Seznam pramenů a literatury
. 301
Seznam ilustrací v obrazové příloze
. 337
Obrazová přfloha
. 345
Resumé
. 419
Rejstřík
. 429 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kubínová, Kateřina 1975- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)132020475 |
| author_facet | Kubínová, Kateřina 1975- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kubínová, Kateřina 1975- |
| author_variant | k k kk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022406146 |
| classification_rvk | NM 7390 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)0887860 (OCoLC)124091455 (DE-599)BVBBV022406146 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | 1. vydání |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| genre | Monografie czenas Monography czenas |
| genre_facet | Monografie Monography |
| geographic | Prague (Czech Republic) - 14th century czenas Praha (Česko) - 14. stol czenas Rome (Italy) - 14th century czenas Řím (Itálie) - 14. stol czenas Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd Rom (DE-588)4050471-2 gnd Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Prague (Czech Republic) - 14th century Praha (Česko) - 14. stol Rome (Italy) - 14th century Řím (Itálie) - 14. stol Böhmische Länder Rom Italien |
| id | DE-604.BV022406146 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-11T17:23:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8086890074 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015614705 |
| oclc_num | 124091455 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-739 DE-M457 DE-B220 DE-255 DE-Y2 DE-Y3 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-739 DE-M457 DE-B220 DE-255 DE-Y2 DE-Y3 |
| physical | 441 Seiten Illustrationen, 1 Karte, Pläne |
| psigel | gbd_4_0709 DHB_BSB_BVID_0012 |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Artefactum, Ústav Dějin Umění AV ČR |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kubínová, Kateřina 1975- Verfasser (DE-588)132020475 aut Imitatio Romae - Karel IV. a Řím Kateřina Kubínová 1. vydání Praha Artefactum, Ústav Dějin Umění AV ČR 2006 441 Seiten Illustrationen, 1 Karte, Pläne txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache unter dem Titel: Imitatio Romae: Charles IV and Rome Charles <IV., Holy Roman Emperor, 1316-1378> czenas Karel <IV., český král a římský císař, 1316-1378> czenas Karl IV. Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser 1316-1378 (DE-588)118560085 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Culture's influence (Italian) - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Kings and rulers - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Kings and rulers - Holy Roman Empire - 14th century czenas Kulturní vlivy (italské) - Česko - 14. stol czenas Panovníci - Svatá říše římská - 14. stol czenas Panovníci - Česko - 14. stol czenas Kunst (DE-588)4114333-4 gnd rswk-swf Prague (Czech Republic) - 14th century czenas Praha (Česko) - 14. stol czenas Rome (Italy) - 14th century czenas Řím (Itálie) - 14. stol czenas Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd rswk-swf Rom (DE-588)4050471-2 gnd rswk-swf Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 gnd rswk-swf Monografie czenas Monography czenas Karl IV. Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser 1316-1378 (DE-588)118560085 p Rom (DE-588)4050471-2 g Geschichte z DE-604 Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 g Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 g Kunst (DE-588)4114333-4 s Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015614705&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract KUBIKAT Anreicherung application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015614705&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kubínová, Kateřina 1975- Imitatio Romae - Karel IV. a Řím Charles <IV., Holy Roman Emperor, 1316-1378> czenas Karel <IV., český král a římský císař, 1316-1378> czenas Karl IV. Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser 1316-1378 (DE-588)118560085 gnd Culture's influence (Italian) - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Kings and rulers - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Kings and rulers - Holy Roman Empire - 14th century czenas Kulturní vlivy (italské) - Česko - 14. stol czenas Panovníci - Svatá říše římská - 14. stol czenas Panovníci - Česko - 14. stol czenas Kunst (DE-588)4114333-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118560085 (DE-588)4114333-4 (DE-588)4069573-6 (DE-588)4050471-2 (DE-588)4027833-5 |
| title | Imitatio Romae - Karel IV. a Řím |
| title_auth | Imitatio Romae - Karel IV. a Řím |
| title_exact_search | Imitatio Romae - Karel IV. a Řím |
| title_full | Imitatio Romae - Karel IV. a Řím Kateřina Kubínová |
| title_fullStr | Imitatio Romae - Karel IV. a Řím Kateřina Kubínová |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imitatio Romae - Karel IV. a Řím Kateřina Kubínová |
| title_short | Imitatio Romae - Karel IV. a Řím |
| title_sort | imitatio romae karel iv a rim |
| topic | Charles <IV., Holy Roman Emperor, 1316-1378> czenas Karel <IV., český král a římský císař, 1316-1378> czenas Karl IV. Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser 1316-1378 (DE-588)118560085 gnd Culture's influence (Italian) - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Kings and rulers - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Kings and rulers - Holy Roman Empire - 14th century czenas Kulturní vlivy (italské) - Česko - 14. stol czenas Panovníci - Svatá říše římská - 14. stol czenas Panovníci - Česko - 14. stol czenas Kunst (DE-588)4114333-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Charles <IV., Holy Roman Emperor, 1316-1378> Karel <IV., český král a římský císař, 1316-1378> Karl IV. Heiliges Römisches Reich, Kaiser 1316-1378 Culture's influence (Italian) - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century Kings and rulers - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century Kings and rulers - Holy Roman Empire - 14th century Kulturní vlivy (italské) - Česko - 14. stol Panovníci - Svatá říše římská - 14. stol Panovníci - Česko - 14. stol Kunst Prague (Czech Republic) - 14th century Praha (Česko) - 14. stol Rome (Italy) - 14th century Řím (Itálie) - 14. stol Böhmische Länder Rom Italien Monografie Monography |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015614705&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015614705&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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