Temporary agency work in Germany:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Hochschulschrift/Dissertation Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Aachen
Shaker
2005
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Berichte aus der Volkswirtschaft
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014977688&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XII, 200 S. 21 cm, 324 gr. |
| ISBN: | 3832244751 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents
List of Figures VI
List of Tables VIII
List of Abbreviations XI
1 Introduction and Outline 1
2 Temporary Agency Work in Germany: Regulation, Data, and Basic
Facts 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Temporary Agency Work: A Flexible Source of Labor to Firms 6
2.2.1 A Definition of Temporary Agency Work 6
2.2.2 Temporary Agency Work and Other Flexible Employment Forms 7
2.3 The Legal Framework of Temporary Agency Work in Germany 9
2.3.1 The Law on Placement Activity (LoPA), 1972 2003 10
2.3.1.1 Coverage of the LoPA 11
2.3.1.2 Licensing System 11
2.3.1.3 Sectoral Restrictions on the Use of Agency Work ... 12
2.3.1.4 Maximum Duration of Assignments 13
2.3.1.5 Special Ban on Fixed Term Contracts 13
2.3.1.6 Synchronization Ban 13
2.3.1.7 Recall Ban 14
2.3.1.8 A Summary 14
2.3.2 The Law on Placement Activity (LoPA) after 2004 16
2.3.2.1 Deregulation of the LoPA 16
2.3.2.2 Introduction of Equal Pay and Equal Treatment . ... 17
2.3.2.3 Creation of Personnel Service Agencies 18
2.3.3 The Regulative Framework in International Perspective 19
2.4 Data Sources on Temporary Agency Work in Germany 23
2.4.1 The Temporary Agency Work Statistics (ANUSTAT) 24
2.4.2 The IAB Employment Samples 25
2.4.2.1 The IAB Employment Sample 1975 1995 (IABES1) . 26
II
2.4.2.2 The IAB Employment Sample 1975 2001 (IABES2) . 27
2.4.3 The German Socio Economic Panel (GSOEP) 28
2.4.4 Other Data Sources 29
2.4.4.1 The IAB Establishment Panel (IABEP) 29
2.4.4.2 Report on PSA Operators 30
2.4.5 A Summary 31
2.5 Basic Facts on Temporary Agency Work in Germany 32
2.5.1 Trend Growth 32
2.5.2 Employment Dynamics 35
2.5.3 Temporary Work Agencies 38
2.5.4 Temporary Agency Workers 40
2.5.5 Client Firms 41
2.5.6 Occupations 43
2.5.7 Working Conditions 45
2.5.8 Personnel Service Agencies 48
2.6 Conclusion 51
3 The Internal Operation of Temporary Work Agencies 53
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 The Data 54
3.3 The Agency and Labor Allocation 56
3.3.1 Extensive Margin The TWA as an Intermediate Demander of
Labor 57
3.3.1.1 Employment Duration and Labor Turnover 57
3.3.1.2 Job Creation 59
3.3.1.3 Job Destruction 62
3.3.2 Intensive Margin The TWA as a Final Supplier of Labor ... 66
3.3.2.1 Agreed Weekly Hours 67
3.3.2.2 Client Worker Matches 68
3.3.2.3 Volume of Labor Supplied to Client Firms 70
3.3.2.4 Time Spent in Nonassignment 72
3.3.2.5 Contractual versus Actual Hours 73
3.4 Worker Compensation and Client Fees 74
3.4.1 Average Wages, Fees, and Markups for Different Types of Labor 75
3.4.2 Determinants of the Markup in the First Client Assignment . . 76
III
3.4.3 Fee Adjustment in Follow Up Assignments 79
3.5 Conclusion 80
4 The Current and Future Wages of Temporary Agency Workers
(with Axel Werwatz) 83
4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 Preliminary Considerations 85
4.3 Previous Research 86
4.4 The Data 90
4.5 Wage Trends in the TWA Sector 92
4.6 The Effect of TWA Work on Current and Long Term Earnings 98
4.6.1 Identification Strategy 98
4.6.2 Conditional Average Current Wage Gap 99
4.6.3 Conditional Group Specific Current Average Wage Gaps .... 101
4.6.4 TWA Work and Individual Earnings Paths 102
4.7 Conclusion 109
5 The Stepping Stone Function of Temporary Agency Work 113
5.1 Introduction 113
5.2 Preliminary Considerations 115
5.3 Previous Research 116
5.4 The Data 117
5.5 The Evaluation Problem 119
5.5.1 Methodology 119
5.5.1.1 The Standard Evaluation Problem 119
5.5.1.2 Statistical Matching 120
5.5.2 Evalnating the Stepping Stone Function of TWA Work 121
5.5.2.1 Sample Selection 122
5.5.2.2 Treatment and Non Treatment Status 125
5.5.2.3 Formal Specification of the Evaluation Problem (ATT.
CIA) 128
5.5.2.4 Outcomes 130
5.5.3 Implementation of Propensity Score Matching 132
5.5.3.1 Nearest Neighbor Matching 132
5.5.3.2 Estimating the Propensity Score 133
IV
5.5.3.3 Matching Quality 137
5.6 Empirical Findings 139
5.6.1 Summarizing Outcomes Over Time 139
5.6.1.1 Outcome 1: Probability of Regular Employment . ... 140
5.6.1.2 Outcome 2: Probability of TWA Employment 141
5.6.1.3 Outcome 3: Overall Probability of Employment .... 142
5.6.1.4 Outcome 4: Probability of Unemployment 143
5.6.2 Treatment Effects by Month of Entry into TWA Work 143
5.7 Conclusion 145
6 Summary and Outlook 149
References 1
Appendix 167
A Appendix to Chapter 3 167
A.I TheTWAD 167
A.I.I Part I of the TWAD: The Employment Relationship
(Agency Worker) 167
A.1.2 Part II of the TWAD: The Commercial Relationship
(Agency Client) 169
A.2 Job Termination 171
A.3 Contractual Weekly Hours 172
B Appendix to Chapter 4 173
B.I Unadjusted and Adjusted Pooled OLS and Fixed Effects Regres¬
sions for the Mean Wage Gap Attached to TWA Employment . 173
B.2 Fixed Effects Regressions for the Mean Wage Gap Attached to
TWA Employment for Various Subgroups of Workers 178
B.3 Fixed Effects Regressions for the Prior, Current, and Future Mean
Wage Gap Attached to TWA Employment Experience 183
B.4 Labor Market Statuses of Workers Before and After a TWA Job 189
C Appendix to Chapter 5 195
C.I Summary Statistics of the Sample at Entry into Unemployment 195
C.2 Matching Protocol 196
V
C.3 Estimation of Propensity Scores by Month of Entry into TWA
Work 197
C.4 Average Effects on the Probabilities of Being in Different Labor
Market States for Various Outcome Months 199
C.5 Estimated Probabilities for Different Outcomes and Controls Groups
by Elapsed Unemployment Duration 200
VI
List of Figures
2.1 A stylized portrait of the TWA submarket 6
2.2 Regulation of agency work and national employment shares of TWA industry
in Europe, end of 1990s 21
2.3 Employment protection and national employment shares of TWA industry
in Europe, end of 1990s 22
2.4 Temporary work agency employment (in client assignments) in Germany,
1973 2003 33
2.5 Annual growth rates of TWA placements and real GDP in Germany, 1974
2003 34
2.6 Completed TWA employment durations of workers exiting TWA jobs in Ger¬
many, 1980 2002 35
2.7 Previous labor market statuses of workers entering TWA employment in
Germany, 1980 2002 36
2.8 Growth rates of various occupational groups in TWA employment in the
period 1980 2003 45
4.1 Average unconditional wage gap for male TWA workers (in percent), 1975
1995 93
4.2 Relative real earnings of men before, during, and after TWA employment (in
percent), 1980 1990 105
4.3 Relative real earnings of women before, during, and after TWA employment
(in percent), 1980 1990 106
5.1 Treated unemployed workers by month of entry into TWA work 129
5.2 Treatment effects over time on the probability of regular employment . . . 140
5.3 Treatment effects over time on the probability of TWA employment .... 141
5.4 Treatment effects over time on the probability of employment 142
5.5 Treatment effects over time on the probability of unemployment 143
B.I Labor market status of men before and after a TWA job, 1980 1990 ... 189
B.2 Labor market status of men without a vocational degree before and after a
TWA job, 1980 1990 189
B.3 Labor market status of men with a vocational degree before and after a TWA
job, 1980 1990 190
B.4 Labor market status of men born in 1955 to 1962 before and after a TWA
job, 1980 1990 190
B.5 Labor market status of men born in 1930 to 1954 before and after a TWA
job, 1980 1990 191
B.6 Labor market status of women before and after a TWA job, 1980 1990 . 191
B.7 Labor market status of women without a vocational degree before and after
a TWA job, 1980 1990 192
B.8 Labor market status of women with a vocational degree before and after a
TWA job, 1980 1990 192
B.9 Labor market status of women born in 1955 to 1962 before and after a TWA
job, 1980 1990 193
B.10 Labor market status of women born in 1930 to 1954 before and after a TWA
job, 1980 1990 193
VIII
List of Tables
2.1 Characteristics of different types of labor from the perspective of firms . . 9
2.2 The Law on Placement Activity in Germany, 1972 2003 15
2.3 Regulative frameworks of TWA industry in selected European countries, end
of 1990s 20
2.4 Average monthly labor market transition rates in Germany (in percent), 1995 38
2.5 Summary statistics on temporary work agencies in Germany, 1982 and 2003 39
2.6 Characteristics of TWA and general employment in Germany, 1980 2003 41
2.7 Occupational groups in TWA and general employment, 1980 and 2003 ... 44
2.8 Self rated changes in working conditions of workers who changed jobs in 2000
2001 47
2.9 Summary statistics on PSA in Germany, 2003 and 2004 49
3.1 Summary statistics on the TWAD, 1999 2003 55
3.2 Employment dynamics in the TWAD, 2000 2002 57
3.3 Employment dynamics by job type, 2000 2003 58
3.4 Placement status of new recruits, 1999 2003 60
3.5 Share of workers recalled in total hirings, 2002 61
3.6 Share of workers hired on a fixed term employment contract, 1999 2003 . 61
3.7 The relative importance of different reasons for job termination, 1999 2003 63
3.8 Shares of workers assigned when leaving TWA by different exit reasons in
2002 64
3.9 Average number of regular work days spent in nonassignment since last place¬
ment by exit reason for all workers nonassigned when leaving TWA in 2002 65
3.10 Distribution of contractual weekly working hours of TWA workers, 1999
2003 67
3.11 Distribution of the number of different clients per worker, 1999 2003 . . 68
3.12 The relative importance of external and internal pools of workers for TWA
placements, 1999 2003 69
3.13 Total volume of labor contracted in assignments per worker, per worker client
match, and per client firm, 1999 2003 70
3.14 Total hours in assignments contracted per worker and per worker client
match of workers entering TWA in 2000 71
3.15 The distribution of hours contracted by the largest client firms, 1999 2003 72
IX
3.16 Reasons for nonassignment periods of TWA workers by volume of days nonas
signed, 1999 2003 73
3.17 Contractual vs. actual weekly hours of work for TWA workers, 1999 2003 74
3.18 Contractual hourly wages and hourly client fees by job type, 2002 76
3.19 OLS regression for the determinants of the markup of fees over wages in the
first client assignment of workers entering the TWA in 2001 78
3.20 OLS regression for the determinants of hourly client fees in the first and
second client assignment of workers entering the TWA in 2001 80
4.1 Average growth rates p.a. of gross daily real earnings of male TWA and
non TWA workers (in percent), 1975 1995 95
4.2 Compositional structure of male TWA and non TWA employment, 1980 to
1995 97
4.3 (Un ) Conditional mean real earnings gaps in TWA employment (in percent),
1980 1990 and 1991 1995 100
4.4 Conditional group specific mean real earnings gaps (in percent), 1980 1990
and 1991 1995 102
4.5 Group specific mean real earnings gaps for workers before, during, and after
TWA employment (in percent), 1980 1990 107
5.1 Subsequent transitions to TWA and regular employment of unemployment
inflows in 1994 1996 123
5.2 Subsequent transitions to TWA and regular employment of unemployment
inflows in 1994 1996 by prior TWA work experience 124
5.3 Definition of outcome measures 130
5.4 Statistics by month on covariate balancing, before and after matching ... 138
5.5 Average treatment effects by unemployment month of entry into TWA work 144
A.I Description of variables contained in Part I of the TWAD 168
A.2 Description of variables contained in part II of the TWAD 169
A.3 Reasons for job termination at TWA by region, sex, and nationality. 1999
2003 171
A.4 Reasons for job termination at TWA by collar and age. 1999 2003 .... 171
A.5 The distribution of contractual weekly hours of work by sex and collars. 1999
2003 172
B.I Pooled OLS regressions for unadjusted mean wage gap attached to TWA
employment, 1980 1990 and 1991 1995 173
X
B.2 Pooled OLS regressions for adjusted mean wage gap attached to TWA em¬
ployment, 1980 1990 and 1991 1995 174
B.3 Fixed effects panel regressions for adjusted mean wage gap attached to TWA
employment, 1980 1990 and 1991 1995 176
B.4 Fixed effects panel regressions for adjusted mean wage gap attached to TWA
employment for workers without a vocational degree, 1980 1990 and 1991
1995 178
B.5 Fixed effects panel regressions for adjusted mean wage gap attached to TWA
employment for workers with a vocational degree, 1980 1990 and 1991 1995 179
B.6 Fixed effects panel regressions for adjusted mean wage gap attached to TWA
employment for unskilled blue collar workers, 1980 1990 and 1991 1995 180
B.7 Fixed effects panel regressions for adjusted mean wage gap attached to TWA
employment for skilled blue collar workers, 1980 1990 and 1991 1995 . 181
B.8 Fixed effects panel regressions for adjusted mean wage gap attached to TWA
employment for white collar workers, 1980 1990 and 1991 1995 182
B.9 Fixed effects panel regressions for the mean real earnings gaps for male work¬
ers before, during, and after TWA employment, 1980 1990 183
B.10 Fixed effects panel regressions for the mean real earnings gaps for female
workers before, during, and after TWA employment, 1980 1990 185
B.ll Fixed effects panel regressions for the mean real earnings gaps for workers
with and without a vocational degree before, during, and after TWA em¬
ployment, 1980 1990 187
C.I Summary statistics of the sample at entry into unemployment 195
C.2 Estimation of propensity scores by month of entry into TWA work 197
C.3 Average effects on the probabilities of being in different labor market states
for various outcome months 199
C.4 Estimated probabilities for different outcomes and control groups by elapsed
unemployment duration 200
|
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| id | DE-604.BV021764669 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T12:41:15Z |
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| isbn | 3832244751 |
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| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Berichte aus der Volkswirtschaft |
| spellingShingle | Kvasnicka, Michael 1972- Temporary agency work in Germany Beschäftigungswirkung (DE-588)4126724-2 gnd Arbeitsmarktpolitik (DE-588)4002737-5 gnd Arbeitnehmerüberlassung (DE-588)4074122-9 gnd Arbeitsflexibilisierung (DE-588)4128237-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4126724-2 (DE-588)4002737-5 (DE-588)4074122-9 (DE-588)4128237-1 (DE-588)4011882-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Temporary agency work in Germany |
| title_auth | Temporary agency work in Germany |
| title_exact_search | Temporary agency work in Germany |
| title_full | Temporary agency work in Germany Michael Kvasnicka |
| title_fullStr | Temporary agency work in Germany Michael Kvasnicka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporary agency work in Germany Michael Kvasnicka |
| title_short | Temporary agency work in Germany |
| title_sort | temporary agency work in germany |
| topic | Beschäftigungswirkung (DE-588)4126724-2 gnd Arbeitsmarktpolitik (DE-588)4002737-5 gnd Arbeitnehmerüberlassung (DE-588)4074122-9 gnd Arbeitsflexibilisierung (DE-588)4128237-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Beschäftigungswirkung Arbeitsmarktpolitik Arbeitnehmerüberlassung Arbeitsflexibilisierung Deutschland Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014977688&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kvasnickamichael temporaryagencyworkingermany |