TB, HIV: a clinical manual
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Geneva
World Health Organization
2004
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012867524&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | 210 S. |
| ISBN: | 9241546344 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Harries, Anthony |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a TB, HIV |b a clinical manual |c writing team: Anthony Harries ; Dermot Maher ; Stephen Graham |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Geneva |b World Health Organization |c 2004 | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Infecciones por VIH |2 embne | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Tuberculosis |2 embne | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Maher, Dermot |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Graham, Stephen |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819300867460825088 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | I I CONTENTS
Foreword to second edition II
Foreword to first edition 12
Preface to second edition 13
Glossary and abbreviations 15
Introduction 21
1 Background information on tuberculosis
and human immunodeficiency virus 23
1.1 Tuberculosis 23
I.I.I Basic facts about TB 23
1. 1.2 Pathogenesis of TB 25
1.2 Human immunodeficiency virus 27
1.2.1 Introduction: HIV and AIDS 27
1.2.2 HIV/AIDS epidemiology 28
1.2.3 HIV transmission 28
1.2.4 Prevention of HIV transmission in health units 29
1.2.5 Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection 30
1.2.6 Natural history of HIV infection 31
1.2.7 Clinical staging 32
1.2.8 Epidemiological surveillance of AIDS 35
1.3 HIV relatedTB 36
1.3.1 Epidemiology of coinfection of HIV and M tuberculosis. . . 36
1.3.2 HIV infection and risk of TB 37
1.3.3 TB in the course of HIV progression 37
1.3.4 Consequence of HIV/M tuberculosis coinfection 37
1.3.5 Impact of HIV on TB control 37
1.3.6 Patterns of HIV relatedTB 38
1.3.7 Impact of TB on HIV 39
2 An expanded framework for effective
tuberculosis control 41
2.1 Introduction 41
2.2 Components of expanded TB control framework 41
2.2.1 Goals of TB control 42
2.2.2 Targets forTB control (cure and case detection) 42
2.2.3 TB control policy package (the DOTS strategy) 43
2.2.4 Key operations for DOTS implementation 44
2.2.5 Indicators to measure NTP progress inTB control 45
2.3 Directly observed treatment 45
2.4 TB/HIV 46
2.5 DOTS Plus 47
3 Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. ... 49
3.1 Diagnostic approach 49
3.2 Clinical features 50
3.3 Diagnostic sputum smear microscopy 51
3.4 Differential diagnosis of pulmonary TB 54
3.5 Chest X ray in diagnosis 55
3.6 Radiographic abnormalities seen in pulmonary TB 55
3.7 Differential diagnosis of chest X ray findings 56
3.8 The place of mycobacterial culture in the diagnosis of TB 57
3.9 Sepsis and concomitant TB 57
3.10 Distinguishing other HIV related pulmonary diseases
from pulmonary TB 58
4 Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children . . 61
4.1 Epidemiology of childhood TB 61
4.2 How doesTB in children differ fromTB in adults? 62
4.3 Approach to diagnosis ofTB 63
4.4 Score system for diagnosis of TB in children 66
4.5 Tuberculin skin test 67
4.6 The decision to start TB treatment in children 68
4.7 Impact of HIV on the diagnosis of TB in children 69
4.8 Differential diagnosis of pulmonary TB in
HIV infected children 70
4.9 Management of child contacts of infectious adults 71
5 Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in
adults and children 75
5.1 Diagnostic approach 75
5.2 Tuberculous lymphadenopathy 75
5.3 Miliary (disseminated) TB 78
5.4 Tuberculous serous effusions (pleural, pericardial, ascites) 79
5.5 Tuberculous meningitis 84
5.6 Other forms of extrapulmonary TB 87
5.7 Further information on spinal, gastrointestinal
and hepatic TB 88
6 Diagnosis of HIV infection in adults
with tuberculosis 91
6.1 Clinical recognition of HIV infection inTB patients 91
6.2 HIV testing 92
6.2.1 HIV antibody tests 92
6.2.2 Tests to detect the virus itself 93
6.2.3 Objectives of HIV antibody testing inTB patients 94
6.2.4 Strategy for HIV antibody testing inTB patients 94
6.2.5 Diagnosis of HIV infection in individual TB patients 95
6.3 HIV counselling 95
7 Diagnosis of HIV infection in children with
tuberculosis 99
7.1 Clinical recognition of HIV infection in children withTB . 99
7.2 HIV testing 100
7.3 Counselling 101
8 Standardized tuberculosis case definitions
and treatment categories 105
8.1 Standardized case definitions 105
8.1.1 Introduction 105
8.1.2 Questions and answers about case definitions 105
8.1.3 Case definitions by site and result of sputum smear ... 106
8.1.4 Category ofTB patient for registration on diagnosis ... 107
8.2 Standardized dignostic categories 108
9 Management of patients with tuberculosis Ill
9.1 Introduction Ill
9.2 Modes of action of anti TB drugs 112
9.3 TB treatment regimens 113
9.3.1 New cases 114
9.3.2 Re treatment cases 114
9.3.3 Standard code forTB treatment regimens 114
9.3.4 Recommended treatment regimens 115
9.3.5 Use of streptomycin in areas of high HIV prevalence. ..117
9.3.6 Use of TB drugs in children 117
9.4 TB treatment regimens: questions and answers 118
9.5 Use of anti TB drugs in special situations 120
9.6 The role of adjuvant steroid treatment: questions
and answers 121
9.7 Monitoring ofTB patients during treatment 122
9.7.1 Monitoring of patients with sputum smear positive PTB . 122
9.7.2 Recording treatment outcome 123
9.7.3 Cohort analysis: questions and answers 124
9.8 Response of HIV positive TB patients to
anti TB treatment 124
10 Side effects of anti tuberculosis drugs 129
10.1 Introduction 129
10.2 Prevention of side effects 129
10.3 Where to manage drug reactions 129
10.4 When to stop anti TB drugs 129
10.5 Side effects of anti TB drugs 130
10.5.1 Side effects of anti TB drugs in HIV positive TB patients 131
10.6 Symptom based approach to management of
drug side effects 132
10.7 Management of skin itching and rash 132
10.7.1 Treatment regimen includes thioacetazone 133
10.7.2 Treatment regimen does not include thioacetazone. ... 133
10.8 Desensitization I 34
10.9 Management of hepatitis 135
I I Antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of
HIV infection 137
I I.I Introduction 137
I 1.2 Antiretroviral drugs 138
I 1.3 Principles of ART 138
I 1.4 Principles of a public health approach to ART 139
I 1.5 Initiation of ART 139
11.5.1 Adults and adolescents with documented HIV infection 140
I 1.5.2 Infants and children 140
I 1.6 Recommended doses of ARV drugs 141
I 1.6.1 Adults and adolescents 141
I 1.6.2 Children 142
11.7 Choice of ART regimen 149
I 1.7.1 Adults 149
I 1.7.2 Children 150
I 1.8 Monitoring the efficacy of ART 151
11.9 Adverse effects 151
11.10 Interactions between ARV drugs and drugs used to
prevent or treat opportunistic infections 153
11.11 Antiretroviral drugs andTB treatment 153
11.1 I. I Drug interactions 153
I I. I 1.2 TreatingTB and HIV together 153
I I. I 1.3 Immune reconstitution syndrome 154
I I. I 1.4 Options for ART in patients with TB 154
12 Treatment and prevention of other HIV related
diseases in TB/HIV patients 157
12.1 Introduction 157
12.2 Clinical spectrum of HIV related disease 157
12.3 Sexually transmitted infections 158
12.3.1 Syndromic management 158
12.3.2 Treatment regimens for common STIs 159
12.4 Skin and mouth problems 161
12.5 Respiratory problems 165
12.5.1 Respiratory problems in adults 165
12.5.2 Respiratory problems in children 167
12.6 Gastrointestinal problems 167
12.6.1 Dysphagia 167
12.6.2 Diarrhoea in adults 168
12.6.3 Diarrhoea in children 170
12.7 Neurological problems in adults 171
12.7.1 Acute confusion 171
12.7.2 Chronic behaviour change 172
12.7.3 Persistent headache 172
12.7.4 Difficulty in walking 174
12.7.5 Poor vision 175
12.7.6 Burning sensation in the feet 175
12.8 Neurological problems common in children 175
12.9 Fever 176
12.9.1 Approach to management 176
12.9.2 Disseminated infection 176
12.10 Other HIV related problems 177
12.11 Prevention of HIV related opportunistic infections 179
12.1 I.I General measures 179
12.1 1.2 Immunizations 179
12.1 1.3 Primary chemoprophylaxis in adults 180
12.1 1.4 Primary chemoprophylaxis in children 181
12.11.5 Secondary chemoprophylaxis in adults 181
13 Coordinated care in different settings 185
13.1 Introduction 185
13.2 The expanded scope of a new approach to decrease
the burden ofTB/HIV 185
13.3 Referral to local HIV/AIDS care services 186
13.4 Benefits of support from local HIV/AIDS care services . 186
13.5 A framework for HIV/AIDS care that incorporates
interventions to address TB 187
13.5.1 Home and community care 187
13.5.2 Primary care 188
13.5.3 Secondary care 189
13.5.4 Tertiary care 189
13.6 The private sector 191
13.6.1 Private medical practitioners 191
13.6.2 Traditional practitioners 191
13.7 Operational research aimed at improving integrated
TB and HIV/AIDS prevention and care 192
13.7.1 Promoting voluntary counselling and testing (VCT)
for HIV as an entry point to better TB care 192
13.7.2 The Practical Approach to Lung Health (PAL) 192
14 Prevention of tuberculosis in HIV infected
individuals 195
14.1 Introduction 195
14.2 Protection of HIV positive persons against exposure
to TB 195
14.2.1 Environmental control 195
14.2.2 Face masks 196
14.2.3 Patient education 196
14.2.4 Pulmonary TB suspects 196
14.2.5 Patients with sputum smear positive pulmonary TB. ... 197
14.2.6 Patients with multidrug resistantTB (MDR TB) 197
14.3 Role of BCG in preventing TB in HIV infected individuals. 197
14.3.1 Background 197
14.3.2 BCG protection against TB in HIV infected children. ... 198
14.3.3 BCG safety in HIV infected children 198
14.3.4 WHO recommended policy on BCG and HIV 198
14.4 The role of the Expanded Programme on
Immunization (EPI) 199
14.5 Preventive treatment 199
14.5.1 Target groups for preventive treatment 200
14.5.2 Role of isoniazid preventive treatment in HIV positive
individuals 201
14.5.3 WHO/UNAIDS recommendations on preventive
therapy against TB in HIV positive persons 201
Index 205
|
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| id | DE-604.BV019405401 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T12:00:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9241546344 |
| language | English |
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| physical | 210 S. |
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| spellingShingle | Harries, Anthony Maher, Dermot Graham, Stephen TB, HIV a clinical manual Infecciones por VIH embne Tuberculosis embne |
| title | TB, HIV a clinical manual |
| title_auth | TB, HIV a clinical manual |
| title_exact_search | TB, HIV a clinical manual |
| title_full | TB, HIV a clinical manual writing team: Anthony Harries ; Dermot Maher ; Stephen Graham |
| title_fullStr | TB, HIV a clinical manual writing team: Anthony Harries ; Dermot Maher ; Stephen Graham |
| title_full_unstemmed | TB, HIV a clinical manual writing team: Anthony Harries ; Dermot Maher ; Stephen Graham |
| title_short | TB, HIV |
| title_sort | tb hiv a clinical manual |
| title_sub | a clinical manual |
| topic | Infecciones por VIH embne Tuberculosis embne |
| topic_facet | Infecciones por VIH Tuberculosis |
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