Migrant smuggling: illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden [u.a.]
Nijhoff
2003
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Refugees and human rights
8 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010667891&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Teilw. zugl.: Adelaide, Univ. of Adelaide Law School, Diss., 2002 |
| Umfang: | XXVI, 460 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9004136150 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Schloenhardt, Andreas |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Migrant smuggling |b illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region |c by Andreas Schloenhardt |
| 264 | 1 | |a Leiden [u.a.] |b Nijhoff |c 2003 | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Refugees and human rights |v 8 | |
| 500 | |a Teilw. zugl.: Adelaide, Univ. of Adelaide Law School, Diss., 2002 | ||
| 520 | 1 | |a "This study provides a comprehensive analysis of migrant smuggling in Australia and the Asia Pacific region in its different aspects and dimensions. It examines the nature, characteristics and maginitude, the causes, conditions and consequences of migrant smuggling, and the inadequacies of existing policies and legislation. It compiles, reviews and analyses existing and proposed legislation at national, regional and international levels. It forwards a set of specific proposals that can be woven into a coherent and comprehensive strategy to prevent and combat illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region more effectively in the 21st century."--BOOK JACKET. | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1990-2000 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Crime organisé - Asie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Crime organisé - Australie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Crime organisé - Pacifique, Région du | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Georganiseerde misdaad |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Mensenhandel |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Migranten |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Trafic de migrants - Asie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Trafic de migrants - Australie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Trafic de migrants - Pacifique, Région du | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human smuggling |z Asia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human smuggling |z Australia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human smuggling |z Pacific Area | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Organized crime |z Asia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Organized crime |z Australia | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Organized crime |z Pacific Area | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819340157020536832 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | MIGRANT SMUGGLING: ILLEGAL MIGRATION AND ORGANISED CRIME IN AUSTRALIA
AND THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION BY ANDREAS SCHLOENHARDT MARTINUS NIJHOFF
PUBLISHERS LEIDEN / BOSTON VI TABLEOF CONTENTS LIST OF CHARTS, MAPS AND
TABLES XVII ABBREVIATIONS XIX JOURNALS, PERIODICALS AND LAW REPORTS XXI
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XXV INTRODUCTION 1 RESEARCH METHODS AND DATA SOURCES 7
CHAEPTER ONE: TERMINOLOGY AND SCOPE OF THIS STUDY LNTRODUCTION 12 1.1.
MIGRANT SMUGGLING 13 1.1.1. THE IOM DEFINITION OF MIGRANT
SMUGGLING/TRAFFICKING 14 1.1.2. ILLEGAL MIGRATION 15 1.1.2.1. MIGRANTS
AND MIGRATION 15 1.1.2.2. BORDER CROSSING 16 1.1.2.3.
ILLEGALITYOFTHEMOVEMENT 16 1.1.2.4. VOLUNTARY NATURE OFMIGRANT SMUGGLING
17 1.1.3. ORGANISED CRIME 19 1.1.3.1. SMUGGLERS AND SMUGGLING
ORGANISATION 19 1.1.3.2. PROFIT FOR THE SMUGGLERS 20 1.2. THE
TERMINOLOGY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 21 1.3. TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND
CHILDREN 24 CHAPTER TWO: ILLEGAL MIGRATION LNTRODUCTION 26 2.1. ILLEGAL
MIGRATION IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION 27 VLL 2.1.1. MIGRATION AS A RESULT
OF POLITICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIOECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: THE
CONCEPT OF PUSH AND PULL 27 2.1.1.1. POLITICAL FACTORS 28 2.1.1.2.
DEMOGRAPHIC PUSH FACTORS 32 2.1.1.3. SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS 35 2.1.1.3.1.
SURVIVAL MIGRATION 35 2.1.1.3.2. OPPORTUN ITY SEEKING MIGRATION 36
2.1.1.3.3. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION, 1980-2000
37 2.1.1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 40 2.1.1.5. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
41 2.1.2. MIGRATION AND SOCIAL NETWORKS: THE MIGRATION SYSTEMS APPROACH
42 2.1.2.1. SOCIAL NETWORKS 43 2.1.2.2. OVERSEAS COMMUNITIES AND FAMILY
REUNIFICATION 44 2.1.2.3. GLOBAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 45 2.1.3. SUMMARY 46
2.2. ILLEGAL MIGRATION AND AUSTRALIA S IMMIGRATION POLICIES 51 2.2.1.
EARLY IMMIGRATION RESTRICTIONS 52 2.2.1.1. EARLY DEVELOPMENTS IN BRITAIN
52 2.2.1.2. AUSTRALIA BEFORE FEDERATION 52 2.2.1.3. THE IMMIGRATION
RESTRICTION ACT 1901 54 2.2.2. POST-WAR AUSTRALIA AND THE MIGRATION ACT
1958 56 2.2.2.1. THE WORLD WARE AND THE REFUGEECRISES 56 2.2.2.2.
POPULATEORPERISH 58 2.2.2.3. THE MIGRATION ACT 1958 59 2.2.2.4. THE
1960S AND THE END OF ORGANISED LABOUR MIGRATION 59 2.2.3. THE FALL OF
VIETNAM AND THE BOAT-PEOPLE 61 2.2.3.1. THE END OF THE VIETNAM WAR 61
2.2.3.2. AUSTRALIA AND THE BOAT-PEOPLE 62 2.2.3.3. THE 1985 AND 1987
REVIEW OF MIGRATION LAW 66 2.2.4. THE EVENTS OF 1989 67 2.2.4.1.
THEENDOFTHECOLDWAR 67 2.2.4.2. THE CHINESE STUDENT REVOLT 69 2.2.4.3.
RESPONSES BY RECEIVING COUNTRIES 70 2.2.4.4. AUSTRALIA S RESPONSES TO
THE 1989 EVENTS 71 VM 2.2.4.4.1. THE CHINESE STUDENTS 71 2.2.4.4.2. THE
1989 REFORM OF MIGRATION LAW 72 2.2.5. IMMIGRATION POLICIES IN THE 1990S
73 2.2.5.1. THE 1991-93 AMENDMENTS 74 2.2.5.2. 1994-1998 77 2.2.6.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: 1999 ANDAFTER 81 2.2.7. THE TAMPA INCIDENT AND THE
PACIFIC SOLUTION 84 2.3. CONCLUSION 89 CHAPTER THREE: ORGANISED CRIME
LNTRODUCTION 91 3.1. CONCEPTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANISED CRIME 93
3.1.1. DEFINING ORGANISED CRIME 93 3.1.1.1. CONCEPTS OF ORGANISED CRIME
93 3.1.1.2. PROBLEMS AND CRITIQUE 95 3.1.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANISED
CRIME 97 3.2. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ORGANISED CRIME 100 3.2.1. BACKGROUND
100 3.2.1.1. THE ECONOMICS OF CRIME 100 3.2.1.2. EARLY ECONOMIC
APPROACHES TO ORGANISED CRIME 101 3.2.2. PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES OF
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 102 3.2.2.1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 103 3.2.2.2.
OBJECTIVES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 104 3.2.3. POSITIONING ORGANISED CRIME
104 3.2.4. THE ILLEGAL MARKET 106 3.2.4.1. THE EMERGENCEOF ILLEGAL
MARKETS 106 3.2.4.2. SPECIAL FEATURESOF THE ILLEGAL MARKET 109 3.2.5.
CUSTOMERS OF THE CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE 110 3.2.6. THE MARKET OF MIGRANT
SMUGGLING 111 IX 3.2.7. SUMMARY 112 3.3. ORGANISATIONAL FEATURES OF
MIGRANT SMUGGLING 113 3.3.1. STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT 113 3.3.1.1.
CONTROL AND ORGANISATION SCHEMES 113 3.3.1.2. DIVERSIFIKATION OFMIGRANT
SMUGGLING ORGANISATIONS 117 3.3.1.3. CRIMINAL ORGANISATIONS IN AUSTRALIA
118 3.3.2. RECRUITMENT AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT 120 3.3.2.1. VERTICAL
DIFFERENTIATION 120 3.3.2.2. HORIZONTAL DIFFERENTIATION: DIVISION OF
LABOUR 121 3.3.2.3. HUMAN RESOURCES AND RECRUITMENT 124 3.3.3.
GLOBALISATION 125 3.4. OPERATIONAL FEATURES OF MIGRANT SMUGGLING 127
3.4.1. SUPPLY: MOBILISATION OF MIGRANTS 127 3.4.1.1. CONTACTING MIGRANTS
127 3.4.1.2. SENDING COUNTRIES 129 3.4.1.3. PROFILE OF THE MIGRANTS 131
3.4.2. THE ILLEGAL SERVICES 133 3.4.2.1. PREPARATION OF THE MIGRANTS 133
3.4.2.2. TRAVEL DOCUMENTS 134 3.4.2.2.1. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 134
3.4.2.2.2. DOCUMENT FRAUD AND MISUSE IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION 135
3.4.2.3. TRANSPORTATION AND ROUTING 137 3.4.2.3.1. GENERAL PATTERNS 137
3.4.2.3.2. MODES OF TRANSPORTATION 137 3.4.2.3.3. REGIONAL ANALYSIS 139
3.4.2.4. ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IN AUSTRALIA 146 3.4.2.4.1. BOATARRIVALS
148 3.4.2.4.2. AIR ARRIVALS 151 3.4.3. DISTRIBUTION: POST-IMMIGRATION
ACTIVITIES 153 3.4.3.1. ARRIVING IN THE DESTINATION COUNTRY 153 3.4.3.2.
POST-IMMIGRATION SITUATION 153 3.4.4. FINANCE 156 3.4.4.1. FINANCING
ORGANISED CRIME 156 3.4.4.2. PROFIT ESTIMATIONS 157 3.4.4.3. MONEY
LAUNDERING 159 3.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 160 CHAPTER FOUR: MIGRANT
SMUGGLING IN AUSTRALIAN LAW LNTRODUCTION 162 4.1. MIGRANT SMUGGLING
OFFENCES 164 4.1.1. SOURCES AND GENERAL REMARKS 164 4.1.1.1 STRUCTURE
AND DEVELOPMENTS 165 4.1.1.2. GEOGRAPHICAL APPLICATION 166 4.1.1.3.
DEFINITION OFTERMS 167 4.1.2. OPERATIONAL OFFENCES 168 4.1.2.1.
MOBILISATION OF ILLEGAL MIGRANTS 168 4.1.2.2. ORGANISING AND
FACILITATING ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION 169 4.1.2.3. TRANSPORTING ILLEGAL
IMMIGRANTS 171 4.1.2.3.1. TRANSPORTING UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS 171
4.1.2.3.2. TRANSPORTING CONCEALED MIGRANTS 173 4.1.2.4. HARBOURING AND
CONCEALING ILLEGAL MIGRANTS 174 4.1.2.5. MAKING FALSE STATEMENTS FOR
ANOTHER PERSON AND CAUSING FALSE STATEMENTS TO BE MADE 175 4.1.2.6.
PRODUCTION AND PROVISION OF FALSE DOCUMENTS 178 4.1.2.6.1. PRODUCING
FRAUDULENT DOCUMENTS (FORGERY) 179 4.1.2.6.2. TRANSFERRING IDENTITY AND
IMMIGRATION DOCUMENTS 181 4.1.2.6.3. USE AND POSSESSION OF FRAUDULENT
DOCUMENTS 182 4.1.3. ORGANISATIONAL OFFENCES 183 4.1.3.1. ORGANISED
CRIME AND CONSPIRACY 183 4.1.3.2. FINANCING ORGANISED CRIME 184 4.1.3.3.
PARTICIPATION OF OFFICIALS 185 4.1.4. SUMMARY REMARKS 187 4.2. OFFENCES
APPLYING TO ILLEGAL MIGRANTS 189 4.2.1. ILLEGAL DEPARTURE & ILLEGAL
ENTRY 189 4.2.1.1. EMIGRATION OFFENCES 189 4.2.1.2. ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION
AS AN OFFENCE 189 XI 4.2.2. FALSE CLAIMS 191 4.2.3. POSSESSION AND USE
OF FRAUDULENT DOCUMENTS 192 4.3. PROTECTION OF SMUGGLED MIGRANTS 195
4.3.1. AUSTRALIA S REFUGEE AND HUMANITARIAN IMMIGRATION PROGRAM 196
4.3.1.1. AUSTRALIA S OBLIGATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW 197
4.3.1.2. PROTECTION OFONSHORE APPLICANTS IN AUSTRALIA 199 4.3.2.
GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE AND LEGAL SUPPORT 203 4.3.2.1. ASYTUM SEEKERS IN
IMMIGRATION DETENTION 204 4.3.2.2. NON-DETAINED IMMIGRANTS 207 4.3.3.
RIGHTS OF APPEAL AND REVIEW 209 4.3.3.1. REFUGEE REVIEW TRIBUNAL 211
4.3.3.2. FEDERAL COURT 213 4.3.3.3. ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL 213
4.3.3.4. HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA 213 4.3.4. DETENTION AND REMOVAL 214
4.3.4.1. THE AUSTRALIAN PRACTICE 214 4.3.4.2. LEGITIMACY OF THE CURRENT
PRACTICE 215 4.4. CONCLUSION 219 CHAPTER FIVE: IMMIGRATION AND ORGANISED
CRIME LEGISLATION IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION LNTRODUCTION 221 5.1.
IMMIGRATION AND ASYLUM SYSTEMS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC 225 5.1.1.
PRE-ARRIVAL REGULATIONS 225 5.1.1.1. DEFINING FOREIGNERE 226 5.1.1.2.
ENTRY AND VISA REGULATIONS 227 5.1.1.3. EXCLUSION CLAUSES AND
PROHIBITIONS 229 XLL 5.1.2. ARRIVAL PROCEDURES AND BORDER CONTROL 232
5.1.3. POST-ARRIVAL MEASURES: DETENTION AND REMOVAL 234 5.1.3.1.
DETENTION 234 5.1.3.2. REMOVAL 236 5.1.4. REFUGEE AND ASYLUM SYSTEMS 236
5.1.4.1. SIGNATORIES OF REFUGEE CONVENTION 238 5.1.4.2. ASYLUM SYSTEMS
IN NON-SIGNATORY COUNTRIES 241 5.1.5. SUMMARY 246 5.2. MIGRANT SMUGGLING
OFFENCES IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION 247 5.2.1. OPERATIONAL OFFENCES 247
5.2.1.1. MOBILISING MIGRANTS 247 5.2.1.2. ORGANISING ILLEGAL MIGRATION
250 5.2.1.3. TRANSPORTING ILLEGAL MIGRANTS 252 5.2.1.3.1. LIABILITY OF
CRIMINAL PERPETRATORS 252 5.2.1.3.2. LIABILITY OFCOMMERCIAL CARRIERS 254
5.2.1.4. HARBOURING AND CONCEALING ILLEGAL MIGRANTS 256 5.2.1.5. FALSE
STATEMENTS FOR ANOTHER PERSON S IMMIGRATION 258 5.2.1.6. PRODUCTION AND
PROVISION OF FRAUDULENT DOCUMENTS 259 5.2.1.6.1. FORGERYANDFALSIFICATION
OF DOCUMENTS 260 5.2.1.6.2. TRANSFER OF DOCUMENTS TO ANOTHER PERSON
INCLUDING SELLING 262 5.2.1.7. PARTICIPATION OF OFFICIALS IN IMMIGRATION
OFFENCES 264 5.2.1.8. OTHER OFFENCES 265 5.2.2. ORGANISATIONAL OFFENCES
267 5.2.2.1. ORGANISED CRIME ACTS 267 5.2.2.2. CONSPIRACY AND
PARTICIPATION IN CRIMINAL ORGANISATIONS 270 5.2.3. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
273 5.3. OFFENCES APPLYING TO ILLEGAL MIGRANTS 276 5.3.1. ILLEGAL
DEPARTURE AND ILLEGAL ENTRY 276 5.3.1.1. ILLEGAL DEPARTURE 276 5.3.1.2.
ILLEGAL ENTRY 278 5.3.2. FALSE STATEMENTS 280 5.3.3. OBTAINING,
POSSESSING AND USING FRAUDULENT DOCUMENTS 282 5.3.4. GENERAL REMARKS 283
5.4. CONCLUSION 285 CHAPTER SIX: INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES TO COMBAT
MIGRANT SMUGGLING LNTRODUCTION 288 6.1. THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS 290 6.1.1. CARRIER AND TRANSPORTATION ORGANISATIONS 290
6.1.1.1. INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION (MO) 291 6.1.1.2.
INTERNATIONAL AVIATION LAW AND THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION
ORGANISATION (ICAO) 294 6.1.1.3. INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION
(IATA) 296 6.1.1.4. CARRIER REGULATIONS AND MIGRANT SMUGGLING 297 6.1.2.
MIGRATION, REFUGEE AND HUMANITARIAN ORGANISATIONS 298 6.1.2.1. UNITED
NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUEGEES (UNHCR) 299 6.1.2.2. OFFICE OF
THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (UNHCHR). 301
6.1.2.3. INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) 302 6.1.2.4.
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 304 6.1.3. LAW ENFORCEMENT 305 6.1.3.1. INTERPOL
305 6.1.3.2. INTER-GOVERNMENTAL CONSULTATIONS ON ASYLUM, REFUGEE AND
MIGRATION POLICIES IN EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA AND AUSTRALIA (IGC) 308 6.2.
THE UNITED NATIONS AND ORGANISED CRIME 309 6.2.1. UN COMMISSION FOR
CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 309 6.2.2. UN CONGRESSES ON THE
PREVENTION OF CRIME AND THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS 311 6.2.3. UN OFFICE
FOR DRAG CONTROL AND CRIME PREVENTION (UNODCCP) 314 6.2.3.1. UN DRUG
CONTROL PROGRAM (UNDCP) 314 6.2.3.2. UNDCP REGIONAL CENTRE FOR EAST ASIA
AND THE PACIFIC 315 6.2.4. UN CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION
(CICP) 316 XIV 6.2.5. OTHER UN INITIATIVES AND REGIONAL UN AGENCIES 317
6.2.5.1. UN INTERREGIONAL CRIME AND JUSTICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (UNICRI)
317 6.2.5.2. ASIA AND FAR EAST INSTITUTE FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIME AND
THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS(UNAFEI) 318 6.2.5.3. UN CRIME AND JUSTICE
INFORMATION NETWORK (UNCJIN) 318 6.3. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST
TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME 320 6.3.1. EARLY DEVELOPMENTS 320 6.3.1.1.
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON THE PREVENTION AND SUPPRESSION OF CRIME 320
6.3.1.2. UN WORLD MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE ON ORGANISED TRANSNATIONAL
CRIME AND THE NAPLES DECLARATION 323 6.3.1.3. DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR AN
ORGANISED CRIME CONVENTION 326 6.3.1.4. THE WORK OF THE AD HOC COMMITTEE
ON THE ELABORATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL
ORGANISED CRIME 328 6.3.2. THE PROVISIONS UNDER THE CONVENTION 330
6.3.2.1. THE CONCEPTOF ORGANISED CRIME UNDER THE CONVENTION 331 6.3.2.2.
CRIMINALISATION AND PREVENTION OF ORGANISED CRIME 332 6.3.2.3. MONEY
LAUNDERING 336 6.3.2.4. CORRUPTION 338 6.3.2.5. LEGAL AND JUDICIAL
COOPERATION AND EXTRADITION 338 6.3.2.6. LAW ENFORCEMENT AND TECHNICAL
COOPERATION 340 6.3.2.7. CONFISCATION AND SEIZURE OF ASSETS 341 6.3.2.8.
PROTECTION OF WITNESSES AND VICTIMS 342 6.3.2.9. APPLICATION AND
IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS 343 6.3.3. EVALUATION 344 6.4. UN PROTOCOL
AGAINST THE SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS BY LAND, AIR AND SEA 346 6.4.1
INITIATIVES FOR A CONVENTION AGAINST MIGRANT SMUGGLING 346 6.4.1.1.
ITALY S PROPOSAL TO THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION 347 6.4.1.2.
AUSTRIA S PROPOSAL TO THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY 349 6.4.2. THE PROVISIONS
UNDER THE PROTOCOL 351 6.4.2.1. MIGRANT SMUGGLING OFFENCES 351
6.4.2.1.1. SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS 351 6.4.2.1.2. HARBOURING AND
CONCEALING ILLEGAL MIGRANTS 352 6.4.2.1.3. PRODUCING AND TRANSFERRING
FRAUDULENT DOCUMENTS 6.4.2.1.4. SCOPE AND APPLICATION OF OFFENCES
6.4.2.2. COOPERATIVE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES 6.4.2.3. SPECIAL MEASURES
AGAINST MIGRANT SMUGGLING BY SEA 6.4.2.4. THE POSITION OF ILLEGAL
MIGRANTS UNDER THE PROTOCOL 6.4.2.5. APPLICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
THE PROTOCOL 6.4.3. GENERAL COMMENTS 360 6.5. REGIONAL INITIATIVES
AGAINST ILLEGAL MIGRATION AND ORGANISED CRIME 363 6.5.1. REGIONAL
SEMINAR ON IRREGULAER MIGRATION AND MIGRANT TRAFFICKING IN EAST AND SOUTH
EAST ASIA: THE MANILA PROCESS 363 6.5.2. ASIA PACIFIC CONSULTATIONS
(APC) 365 6.5.3. ASIAN AFRICAN LEGAL CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE (AALCC) 366
6.5.4. REGIONAL MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE ON PEOPLE SMUGGLING, TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS AND RELATED TRANSNATIONAL CRIME 368 6.5.5. ASSOCIATION OF
SOUTH EAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN) 368 6.5.5.1. ASEAN PLAN OF ACTION IN
COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL CRIME 369 6.5.5.2. ASEAN COOPERATION ON
IMMIGRATION MATTERS 371 6.5.5.3. ASEAN CHIEFS OF NATIONAL POLICE
(ASEANAPOL) 372 6.5.6. ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION (APEC) 372
6.5.7. PACIFIC ISLANDS FORUM 373 6.5.8. COUNCIL FOR SECURITY COOPERATION
IN THE ASIA PACIFIC (CSCAP) 374 6.5.9. OTHER REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS 376
6.5.9.1. ASSOCIATION OF ASIA PACIFIC AIRLINES (AAPA) 376 6.5.9.2.
PACIFIC RIM IMMIGRATION INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS CONFERENCE (PACRIM) 377
6.5.9.3. SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE NETWORK (SPION) 377
6.5.10. SUMMARY 378 XVI CHAPTER SEVEN: THE WAY AHEAD LNTRODUCTION 381
7.1. PROPOSAIS FOR CHANGE 383 7.1.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES 383 7.1.1.1
CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS 384 7.1.1.2. MIGRATION LAW AND
POLICY 386 7.1.1.3. HUMAN RIGHTS AND REFUGEE LAW 387 7.1.1.4. STRUCTURAL
CHANGE 389 7.1.2. SPECIFIC PROPOSAIS 390 7.1.2.1. MIGRANT SMUGGLING
OFFENCES 390 7.1.2.2. OFFENCES APPLYING TO ILLEGAL MIGRANTS 393 7.1.2.3.
ORGANISED CRIME LEGISLATION 394 7.1.2.4. LAW ENFORCEMENT AND JUDICIAL
COOPERATION 395 7.1.2.5. IMMIGRATION LAW 396 7.1.2.6. REFUEGEELAW 400
7.1.3. OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS 402 7.2. CONCLUSION 405 APPENDIX A:
LEGISLATION * COUNTRY PROFILES 408 A.L. MIGRANT SMUGGLING OFFENCES 408
A.1.1. OPERATIONAL OFFENCES 408 A.1.2. ORGANISATIONAL OFFENCES 411 A.2.
OFFENCES APPLYING TO ILLEGAL MIGRANTS 412 A.3. IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS
414 A.4. REFUGEE AND ASYLUM SYSTEMS 416 APPENDIX B: SIGNATURES TO
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND MEMBERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL
ORGANISATIONS 418 APPENDIX C: ADDITIONAL STATISTICAL DATA 420 XV11
BIBLIOGRAPHY 424 INDEX 451
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Schloenhardt, Andreas |
| author_facet | Schloenhardt, Andreas |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Schloenhardt, Andreas |
| author_variant | a s as |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV017761683 |
| callnumber-first | K - Law |
| callnumber-label | KNC565 |
| callnumber-raw | KNC565 |
| callnumber-search | KNC565 |
| callnumber-sort | KNC 3565 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)53940340 (DE-599)BVBBV017761683 |
| dewey-full | 345.94/0235 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 345 - Criminal law |
| dewey-raw | 345.94/0235 |
| dewey-search | 345.94/0235 |
| dewey-sort | 3345.94 3235 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| era | Geschichte 1990-2000 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1990-2000 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Asien Australien Pazifischer Raum Australien (DE-588)4003900-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Asien Australien Pazifischer Raum |
| id | DE-604.BV017761683 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T11:22:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9004136150 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2003066503 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010667891 |
| oclc_num | 53940340 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | XXVI, 460 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | Nijhoff |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Refugees and human rights |
| series2 | Refugees and human rights |
| spellingShingle | Schloenhardt, Andreas Migrant smuggling illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region Refugees and human rights Crime organisé - Asie Crime organisé - Australie Crime organisé - Pacifique, Région du Georganiseerde misdaad gtt Mensenhandel gtt Migranten gtt Trafic de migrants - Asie Trafic de migrants - Australie Trafic de migrants - Pacifique, Région du Human smuggling Asia Human smuggling Australia Human smuggling Pacific Area Organized crime Asia Organized crime Australia Organized crime Pacific Area Einwanderungspolitik (DE-588)4198721-4 gnd Illegale Einwanderung (DE-588)4288465-2 gnd Organisiertes Verbrechen (DE-588)4043830-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4198721-4 (DE-588)4288465-2 (DE-588)4043830-2 (DE-588)4003900-6 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Migrant smuggling illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region |
| title_auth | Migrant smuggling illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region |
| title_exact_search | Migrant smuggling illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region |
| title_full | Migrant smuggling illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region by Andreas Schloenhardt |
| title_fullStr | Migrant smuggling illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region by Andreas Schloenhardt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Migrant smuggling illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region by Andreas Schloenhardt |
| title_short | Migrant smuggling |
| title_sort | migrant smuggling illegal migration and organised crime in australia and the asia pacific region |
| title_sub | illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region |
| topic | Crime organisé - Asie Crime organisé - Australie Crime organisé - Pacifique, Région du Georganiseerde misdaad gtt Mensenhandel gtt Migranten gtt Trafic de migrants - Asie Trafic de migrants - Australie Trafic de migrants - Pacifique, Région du Human smuggling Asia Human smuggling Australia Human smuggling Pacific Area Organized crime Asia Organized crime Australia Organized crime Pacific Area Einwanderungspolitik (DE-588)4198721-4 gnd Illegale Einwanderung (DE-588)4288465-2 gnd Organisiertes Verbrechen (DE-588)4043830-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Crime organisé - Asie Crime organisé - Australie Crime organisé - Pacifique, Région du Georganiseerde misdaad Mensenhandel Migranten Trafic de migrants - Asie Trafic de migrants - Australie Trafic de migrants - Pacifique, Région du Human smuggling Asia Human smuggling Australia Human smuggling Pacific Area Organized crime Asia Organized crime Australia Organized crime Pacific Area Einwanderungspolitik Illegale Einwanderung Organisiertes Verbrechen Asien Australien Pazifischer Raum Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010667891&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011757395 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schloenhardtandreas migrantsmugglingillegalmigrationandorganisedcrimeinaustraliaandtheasiapacificregion |