Pulse width modulation for power converters: principles and practice
Gespeichert in:
Beteiligte Personen: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Veröffentlicht: |
Piscataway, NJ [u.a.]
IEEE Press [u.a.]
2003
|
Schriftenreihe: | IEEE series on power engineering
|
Schlagwörter: | |
Links: | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/wiley037/2003057626.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/wiley032/2003057626.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010522693&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 671 - 713 |
Umfang: | XIX, 724 S. graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9780471208143 0471208140 |
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adam_text | Titel: Pulse width modulation for power converters
Autor: Holmes, Donald Grahame
Jahr: 2003
Contents
Preface...........................................................................................................xiii
Acknowledgments........................................................................................xiv
Nomenclature.................................................................................................xv
Chapter 1 Introduction to Power Electronic Converters..........................1
1.1 Basic Converter Topologies....................;.....................................2
1.1.1 Switch Constraints............................................................2
1.1.2 Bidirectional Chopper.......................................................4
1.1.3 Single-Phase Full-Bridge (H-Bridge) Inverter.................5
1.2 Voltage Source/Stiff Inverters......................................................7
1.2.1 Two-Phase Inverter Structure...........................................7
1.2.2 Three-Phase Inverter Structure.........................................8
1.2.3 Voltage and Current Waveforms in Square-Wave Mode ..9
1.3 Switching Function Representation of Three-Phase Converters 14
1.4 Output Voltage Control...............................................................17
1.4.1 Volts/Hertz Criterion.......................................................17
1.4.2 Phase Shift Modulation for Single-Phase Inverter.........17
1.4.3 Voltage Control with a Double Bridge............................19
1.5 Current Source/Stiff Inverters.....................................................21
1.6 Concept of a Space Vector..........................................................24
1.6.1 d-q-0 Components for Three-Phase Sine Wave Source/
Load................................................................................27
1.6.2 d-q-0 Components for Voltage Source Inverter Operated
in Square-Wave Mode.....................................................30
1.6.3 Synchronously Rotating Reference Frame.....................35
1.7 Three-Level Inverters.................................................................38
1.8 Multilevel Inverter Topologies...................................................42
1.8.1 Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter................................42
1.8.2 Capacitor-Clamped Multilevel Inverter..........................49
1.8.3 Cascaded Voltage Source Multilevel Inverter.................51
V
vi Contents
1.8.4 Hybrid Voltage Source Inverter......................................54
1.9 Summary.....................................................................................55
Chapter 2 Harmonic Distortion.................................................................57
2.1 Harmonic Voltage Distortion Factor...........................................57
2.2 Harmonic Current Distortion Factor...........................................61
2.3 Harmonic Distortion Factors for Three-Phase Inverters.............64
2.4 Choice of Performance Indicator................................................67
2.5 WTHD of Three-Level Inverter..................................................70
2.6 The Induction Motor Load..........................................................73
2.6.1 Rectangular Squirrel Cage Bars......................................73
2.6.2 Nonrectangular Rotor Bars.............................................78
2.6.3 Per-Phase Equivalent Circuit..........................................79
2.7 Harmonic Distortion Weighting Factors for Induction Motor
Load............................................................................................82
2.7.1 WTHD for Frequency-Dependent Rotor Resistance......82
2.7.2 WTHD Also Including Effect of Frequency-Dependent
Rotor Leakage Inductance..............................................84
2.7.3 WTHD for Stator Copper Losses....................................88
2.8 Example Calculation of Harmonic Losses..................................90
2.9 WTHD Normalization for PWM Inverter Supply......................91
2.10 Summary.....................................................................................93
Chapter 3 Modulation of One Inverter Phase Leg..................................95
3.1 Fundamental Concepts of PWM.................................................96
3.2 Evaluation of PWM Schemes.....................................................97
3.3 Double Fourier Integral Analysis of a Two-Level Pulse Width-
Modulated Waveform.................................................................99
3.4 Naturally Sampled Pulse Width Modulation............................105
3.4.1 Sine-Sawtooth Modulation...........................................105
3.4.2 Sine-Triangle Modulation............................................114
3.5 PWM Analysis by Duty Cycle Variation..................................120
3.5.1 Sine-Sawtooth Modulation...........................................120
3.5.2 Sine-Triangle Modulation............................................123
Contents vii
3.6 Regular Sampled Pulse Width Modulation...............................125
3.6.1 Sawtooth Carrier Regular Sampled PWM....................130
3.6.2 Symmetrical Regular Sampled PWM...........................134
3.6.3 Asymmetrical Regular Sampled PWM.........................139
3.7 Direct Modulation.................................................................146
3.8 Integer versus Non-Integer Frequency Ratios..........................148
3.9 Review of PWM Variations......................................................150
3.10 Summary...................................................................................152
Chapter 4 Modulation of Single-Phase Voltage Source Inverters........155
4.1 Topology of a Single-Phase Inverter.........................................156
4.2 Three-Level Modulation of a Single-Phase Inverter................157
4.3 Analytic Calculation of Harmonic Losses................................169
4.4 Sideband Modulation................................................................177
4.5 Switched Pulse Position............................................................183
4.5.1 Continuous Modulation................................................184
4.5.2 Discontinuous Modulation............................................186
4.6 Switched Pulse Sequence..........................................................200
4.6.1 Discontinuous PWM ? Single-Phase Leg Switched ...200
4.6.2 Two-Level Single-Phase PWM.....................................207
4.7 Summary...................................................................................211
Chapter 5 Modulation of Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverters____215
5.1 Topology of a Three-Phase Inverter (VSI)...............................215
5.2 Three-Phase Modulation with Sinusoidal References..............216
5.3 Third-Harmonic Reference Injection........................................226
5.3.1 Optimum Injection Level..............................................226
5.3.2 Analytical Solution for Third-Harmonic Injection.......230
5.4 Analytic Calculation of Harmonic Losses................................241
5.5 Discontinuous Modulation Strategies.......................................250
5.6 Triplen Carrier Ratios and Subharmonies.................................251
5.6.1 Triplen Carrier Ratios...................................................251
5.6.2 Subharmonies................................................................253
vjij Contents
5.7 Summary...................................................................................257
Chapter 6 Zero Space Vector Placement Modulation Strategies.........259
6.1 Space Vector Modulation..........................................................259
6.1.1 Principles of Space Vector Modulation........................259
6.1.2 SVM Compared to Regular Sampled PWM.................265
6.2 Phase Leg References for Space Vector Modulation................267
6.3 Naturally Sampled SVM...........................................................270
6.4 Analytical Solution for SVM....................................................272
6.5 Harmonic Losses for SVM.......................................................291
6.6 Placement of the Zero Space Vector.........................................294
6.7 Discontinuous Modulation........................................................299
6.7.1 120° Discontinuous Modulation...................................299
6.7.2 60° and 30° Discontinuous Modulation........................302
6.8 Phase Leg References for Discontinuous PWM.......................307
6.9 Analytical Solutions for Discontinuous PWM.........................311
6.10 Comparison of Harmonic Performance....................................322
6.11 Harmonic Losses for Discontinuous PWM..............................326
6.12 Single-Edge SVM.....................................................................330
6.13 Switched Pulse Sequence..........................................................331
6.14 Summary...................................................................................333
Chapter 7 Modulation of Current Source Inverters______________337
7.1 Three-Phase Modulators as State Machines.............................338
7.2 Naturally Sampled CSI Space Vector Modulator.....................343
7.3 Experimental Confirmation......................................................343
7.4 Summary...................................................................................345
Chapter 8 Overmodulation of an Inverter_____________________349
8.1 The Overmodulation Region....................................................350
8.2 Naturally Sampled Overmodulation of One Phase Leg of an
Inverter......................................................................................351
Contents ix
8.3 Regular Sampled Overmodulation of One Phase Leg of an
Inverter......................................................................................356
8.4 Naturally Sampled Overmodulation of Single- and Three-Phase
Inverters....................................................................................360
8.5 PWM Controller Gain during Overmodulation........................364
8.5.1 Gain with Sinusoidal Reference...................................364
8.5.2 Gain with Space Vector Reference...............................367
8.5.3 Gain with 60° Discontinuous Reference.......................371
8.5.4 Compensated Modulation.............................................373
8.6 Space Vector Approach to Overmodulation.............................376
8.7 Summary...................................................................................382
Chapter 9 Programmed Modulation Strategies.....................................383
9.1 Optimized Space Vector Modulation........................................384
9.2 Harmonic Elimination PWM...................................................396
9.3 Performance Index for Optimality............................................411
9.4 Optimum PWM........................................................................416
9.5 Minimum-Loss PWM...............................................................421
9.6 Summary...................................................................................430
Chapter 10 Programmed Modulation of Multilevel Converters............433
10.1 Multilevel Converter Alternatives............................................433
10.2 Block Switching Approaches to Voltage Control.....................436
10.3 Harmonic Elimination Applied to Multilevel Inverters............440
10.3.1 Switching Angles for Harmonic Elimination Assuming
Equal Voltage Levels....................................................440
10.3.2 Equalization of Voltage and Current Stresses...............441
10.3.3 Switching Angles for Harmonic Elimination Assuming
Unequal Voltage Levels................................................443
10.4 Minimum Harmonic Distortion................................................447
10.5 Summary...................................................................................449
Chapter 11 Carrier-Based PWM of Multilevel Inverters----------------453
11.1 PWM of Cascaded Single-Phase H-Bridges.............................453
x Contents
11.2 Overmodulation of Cascaded H-Bridges..................................465
11.3 PWM Alternatives for Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverters ...467
11.4 Three-Level Naturally Sampled PD PWM...............................469
11.4.1 Contour Plot for Three-Level PDPWM.......................469
11.4.2 Double Fourier Series Harmonic Coefficients..............473
11.4.3 Evaluation of the Harmonic Coefficients.....................475
11.4.4 Spectral Performance of Three-Level PD PWM..........479
11.5 Three-Level Naturally Sampled APOD or POD PWM............481
11.6 Overmodulation of Three-Level Inverters................................484
11.7 Five-Level PWM for Diode-Clamped Inverters.......................489
11.7.1 Five-level Naturally Sampled PD PWM......................489
11.7.2 Five-Level Naturally Sampled APOD PWM...............492
11.7.3 Five-Level POD PWM.................................................497
11.8 PWM of Higher Level Inverters...............................................499
11.9 Equivalent PD PWM for Cascaded Inverters...........................504
11.10 Hybrid Multilevel Inverter........................................................507
11.11 Equivalent PD PWM for a Hybrid Inverter..............................517
11.12 Third-Harmonic Injection for Multilevel Inverters..................519
11.13 Operation of a Multilevel Inverter with a Variable Modulation
Index.........................................................................................526
11.14 Summary...................................................................................528
Chapter 12 Space Vector PWM for Multilevel Converters_________531
12.1 Optimized Space Vector Sequences..........................................531
12.2 Modulator for Selecting Switching States................................534
12.3 Decomposition Method.............................................................535
12.4 Hexagonal Coordinate System..................................................538
12.5 Optimal Space Vector Position within a Switching Period.......543
12.6 Comparison of Space Vector PWM to Carrier-Based PWM ....545
12.7 Discontinuous Modulation in Multilevel Inverters...................548
12.8 Summary...................................................................................550
.Contents xi
Chapter 13 Implementation of a Modulation Controller........................555
13.1 Overview of a Power Electronic Conversion System...............556
13.2 Elements of a PWM Converter System....................................557
13.2.1 VSI Power Conversion Stage........................................563
13.2.2 Gate Driver Interface....................................................565
13.2.3 Controller Power Supply..............................................567
13.2.4 I/O Conditioning Circuitry............................................568
13.2.5 PWM Controller...........................................................569
13.3 Hardware Implementation of the PWM Process......................572
13.3.1 Analog versus Digital Implementation........................572
13.3.2 Digital Timer Logic Structures....................................574
13.4 PWM Software Implementation...............................................579
13.4.1 Background Software...................................................580
13.4.2 Calculation of the PWM Timing Intervals....................581
13.5 Summary...................................................................................584
Chapter 14 Continuing Developments in Modulation.............................585
14.1 Random Pulse Width Modulation.............................................586
14.2 PWM Rectifier with Voltage Unbalance...................................590
14.3 Common Mode Elimination.....................................................598
14.4 Four Phase Leg Inverter Modulation........................................603
14.5 Effect of Minimum Pulse Width...............................................607
14.6 PWM Dead-Time Compensation..............................................612
14.7 Summary...................................................................................619
Appendix 1 Fourier Series Representation of a Double Variable Con-
trolled Waveform______.......................................................623
Appendix 2 Jacobi-Anger and Bessel Function Relationships-----------629
A2.1 Jacobi-Anger Expansions.........................................................629
A2.2 Bessel Function Integral Relationships.....................................631
Appendix 3 Three-Phase and Half-Cycle Symmetry Relationships-----635
xjj Contents
Appendix 4 Overmodulation of a Single-Phase Leg.................................637
A4.1 Naturally Sampled Double-Edge PWM...................................637
A4.1.1 Evaluation of Double Fourier Integral for Overmodulated
Naturally Sampled PWM..............................................638
A4.1.2 Harmonic Solution for Overmodulated Single-Phase Leg
under Naturally Sampled PWM....................................646
A4.1.3 Linear Modulation Solution Obtained from
Overmodulation Solution..............................................647
A4.1.4 Square-Wave Solution Obtained from Overmodulation
Solution.........................................................................647
A4.2 Symmetric Regular Sampled Double-Edge PWM...................649
A4.2.1 Evaluation of Double Fourier Integral for Overmodulated
Symmetric Regular Sampled PWM..............................650
A4.2.2 Harmonic Solution for Overmodulated Single-Phase Leg
under Symmetric Regular Sampled PWM....................652
A4.2.3 Linear Modulation Solution Obtained from
Overmodulation Solution..............................................653
A4.3 Asymmetric Regular Sampled Double-Edge PWM.................654
A4.3.I Evaluation of Double Fourier Integral for Overmodulated
Asymmetric Regular Sampled PWM...........................655
A4.3.2 Harmonic Solution for Overmodulated Single-Phase Leg
under Asymmetric Regular Sampled PWM.................660
A4.3.3 Linear Modulation Solution Obtained from
Overmodulation Solution..............................................661
Appendix 5 Numeric Integration of a Double Fourier Series Representa-
tion of a Switched Waveform.................................................663
A5.1 Formulation of the Double Fourier Integral.............................663
A5.2 Analytical Solution of the Inner Integral..................................666
A5.3 Numeric Integration of the Outer Integral................................668
Bibliography..........--------------------------------------------------------------671
Index------------------------------------------------------------------------------715
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Holmes, Donald Grahame Lipo, Thomas A. |
author_facet | Holmes, Donald Grahame Lipo, Thomas A. |
author_role | aut aut |
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dewey-raw | 621.31/7 |
dewey-search | 621.31/7 |
dewey-sort | 3621.31 17 |
dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
discipline | Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
format | Book |
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owner | DE-29T DE-1043 DE-92 DE-M347 DE-573 DE-523 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-83 DE-634 DE-706 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-859 |
owner_facet | DE-29T DE-1043 DE-92 DE-M347 DE-573 DE-523 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-83 DE-634 DE-706 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-859 |
physical | XIX, 724 S. graph. Darst. |
publishDate | 2003 |
publishDateSearch | 2003 |
publishDateSort | 2003 |
publisher | IEEE Press [u.a.] |
record_format | marc |
series2 | IEEE series on power engineering |
spellingShingle | Holmes, Donald Grahame Lipo, Thomas A. Pulse width modulation for power converters principles and practice Electric current converters Pulse-duration modulation Konverter Elektronik (DE-588)4165203-4 gnd Pulsdauermodulation (DE-588)4176339-7 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4165203-4 (DE-588)4176339-7 |
title | Pulse width modulation for power converters principles and practice |
title_auth | Pulse width modulation for power converters principles and practice |
title_exact_search | Pulse width modulation for power converters principles and practice |
title_full | Pulse width modulation for power converters principles and practice D. Grahame Holmes ; Thomas A. Lipo |
title_fullStr | Pulse width modulation for power converters principles and practice D. Grahame Holmes ; Thomas A. Lipo |
title_full_unstemmed | Pulse width modulation for power converters principles and practice D. Grahame Holmes ; Thomas A. Lipo |
title_short | Pulse width modulation for power converters |
title_sort | pulse width modulation for power converters principles and practice |
title_sub | principles and practice |
topic | Electric current converters Pulse-duration modulation Konverter Elektronik (DE-588)4165203-4 gnd Pulsdauermodulation (DE-588)4176339-7 gnd |
topic_facet | Electric current converters Pulse-duration modulation Konverter Elektronik Pulsdauermodulation |
url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/wiley037/2003057626.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/wiley032/2003057626.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010522693&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT holmesdonaldgrahame pulsewidthmodulationforpowerconvertersprinciplesandpractice AT lipothomasa pulsewidthmodulationforpowerconvertersprinciplesandpractice |
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