Media effects research: a basic overview
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Belmont, CA
Wadsworth u.a.
2002
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Wadsworth series in mass communication and journalism
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009840995&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Umfang: | xv, 221 p. ill. : 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 0534545866 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819348105893511168 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvi
Chapter 1 A Scientific Approach to
the Study of Media Effects 1
Ways of Knowing 2
Experience 2
Authority 3
Science 4
Goals of Science 4
Prediction 4
Explanation 5
Understanding 6
Control 6
How Are the Goals of Science Achieved? 8
Falsifiability 9
The Nature of Science 10
Science Is General 11
Science Acknowledges the Existence of Objective Truth 13
Science Assumes a Skeptical Attitude 14
Science Can t Answer Certain Kinds of Questions 15
Summary 16
Key Terms and Concepts 16
Key Names 17
Web Links 17
Notes 17
Chapter 2 Scientific Methods in Media Effects Research 19
Analyzing Media Content 19
What Is Content Analysis? 20
An Example: The Content of TV Commercials 21
The Sample Survey 23
An Example: The Effects of Talk Show Viewing on Adolescents 24
The Search for Causal Relationships 27
Criteria for Causal Relationships 27
Vlii CONTENTS
The Experimental Method 32
Manipulation of a Key Variable 33
Random Assignment to Experimental Conditions 33
Identical Treatment Except for the Manipulation 33
Control Groups 34
An Example: The Effects of Realistic Versus Reenacted Violence 35
Controversy About Research Methods 36
Summary 36
Key Terms and Concepts 37
Key Names 37
Web Links 37
Notes 38
Chapter 3 A Brief History of Media Effects Research 39
Setting the Stage 40
1898—Congress Declares War on Spain 40
1917—Propaganda in World War I 41
The 1920s—Movies Explode as Mainstream Entertainment 41
1929 1932—The Payne Fund Studies 42
What Was the Content of Movies? 42
The Emotional Impact of Movies 42
Does Watching Movies Affect Behavior? 43
The Aftermath of the Payne Fund Studies 45
The Invasion From Man 45
The Research at Princeton 46
Early Theory of Media Effects: The Magic Bullet Model 47
The People s Choice Study: The Limited Effects Model 48
Why Use Control Groups? 48
Media Impact in the 1940 Campaign 48
The Limited Effects Perspective 49
The Evils of Comic Books 51
The Dawn of Television 52
Many Types of Media Effects 52
Summary 54
Key Terms and Concepts 55
Key Names 55
Web Links 55
Notes 56
Chapter 4 Time Spent With Mass Media:
Reasons and Consequences 57
The Uses and Gratifications Perspective 58
Why Do Children Watch TV? 58
The Problem With Self Reports 62
Time Spent With Media 63
The Displacement Hypothesis 64 I
Television Viewing and Obesity 67 :
j
CONTENTS ix
Summary 69
Key Terms and Concepts 59
Key Names 59
Web Links 70
Notes 70
Chapter 5 Effects of Media Violence 72
The Presence of Violent Content 74
The Causal Link Between Viewing Violence and
Behaving Aggressively 75
The Research of Albert Bandura 76
The Long Term Studies of Leonard Eron and Rowell Huesmann 79
The Research of Brandon Centerwall 81
The Catharsis Hypothesis 81
A Priming Analysis of the Effect of Media Violence 83
Desensitization to Violence 84
Why Do People Like Media Violence? 85
Concluding Comments 86
Summary 87
Key Terms and Concepts 87
Key Names 87
Web Links 87
Notes 88
Chapter 6 Sexual Content in the Media 90
Human Sexuality Brings Out Passionate Opinion 90
Sorting Out Definitions and Terms 92
The Commission on Obscenity and Pornography 93
Major Finding 93
A Reexamination of the Commission s Findings 94
Research Following the Commission Report 95
Content Available 96
Perceptual Consequences of Viewing 96
Behavioral Consequences of Viewing 97
The Meese Commission Report on Pornography 99
Major Conclusion 99
Sex on Prime Time TV 100
The Dynamics of Excitation Transfer 101
Content Analyses 102
Sexual Behavior and Viewing 104
Control over Media Content 104
Sex and the Internet 104
Legal Control 105
Social or Economic Control 105
Control Through Education 106
Summary 106
Key Terms and Concepts 107
X CONTENTS
Key Names 107
Web Links 107
Notes 107
Chapter 7 Frightening Media 109
Fright Reactions to Media Are Prevalent 111
What Scares One Child May Not Scare Another 112
Experimenting with the Incredible Hulk 113
Why Is the Paranormal So Scary? 116
Poltergeist 117
The Nightmare on Elm Street Series 118
The Exorcist 119
What s a Parent to Do? 120
Is it Fun to Be Scared? 122
Frightening Films and Roller Coaster Rides 122
The Sexual Dynamic in Viewing Frightening Films 123
Summary 124
Key Terms and Concepts 125
Key Names 125
Web Links 125
Notes 125
Chapter 8 Persuasive Effects of the Media 127
What Is Persuasion? 127
Subliminal Persuasion: The Magic Key? 128
Early History 128
The Presumed Mechanism 129
Two Important Questions 129
How Media Messages Persuade Without Even Trying 131
The Theory of Media Cultivation 133
Do Media Messages About the Paranormal Influence Paranormal Beliefs? 135
Intentional Persuasion in the Media 137 :
The Great American Values Test 137
How Does an Advertiser Determine Success? 139
Some Evidence for the Effectiveness of Advertising 139
The Third Person Effect 140 ;
Some Key Principles of Media Persuasion 140 •¦
The Power of the Source 142
Message Features: Simplicity and Repetition 143
More Message Features: Fear, Guilt, and Humor 143
The Health Campaign 145
Summary 147
Key Terms and Concepts 147
Key Names 147
Web Links 148
Notes 148
CONTENTS Xi
Chapter 9 The Effects of News and Political Content 151
Do Certain News Reports Cause More People to Die? 151
Imitative Suicides and the News 152
Thinking About the News 153
Need for Cognition 154
Political Sophistication 154
Agenda Setting Theory: A Theory About Thinking 155
The Spiral of Silence 157
How Much of the News Do We Remember? 158
The Role of Emotion 160
Summary 164
Key Terms and Concepts 164
Key Names 164
Web Links 165
Notes 165
Chapter 10 The Effects of Media Stereotypes 167
What s in a Face? 167
Stereotypical Representations in the Media 171
Sex Role Stereotypes 172
Effects of Sex Role Stereotypes 173
Media Images of Thin Bodies and Effects on Body Image 175
Racial Stereotypes 177
Overrepresentation of African Americans as Lawbreakers 177
The Imbalance in Media Research on Stereotypes 180
Summary 182
Key Terms and Concepts 182
Key Names 182
Web Links 183
Notes 183
Chapter 11 The Impact of New Media Technologies 185
The Revolution in New Media Technology 185
Computers and the Internet: Connection or Alienation? 187
The Carnegie Mellon Study 187
Applying the Lessons of History 190
Are Video Games Really Training Kids to Kill? 192
An Opinion on Video Games from an Expert on Killology 193
What Does the Research Say? 194
Summary 198
Key Terms and Concepts 198
Key Names 198
Web Links 198
Notes 199
Xii CONTENTS
Chapter 12 Meet Marshall McLuhan:
A Less Scientific Approach to Media Impact 200
Is There Any Value to Considering Marshall McLuhan? 200
Meet Marshall McLuhan 201
The Eras of Communication History 202
The Tribal Age 202
Moving from the Tribal Age to the Print Age 203
Moving on to the Current Electronic Age 204
The Medium Is the Message 206
The Effects of Electronic Media on Human Beings 207
Education in the Electronic Age 208
War in the Electronic Age: Not So Hot 209
Politics in the Electronic Age:
Was Bill Clinton Cooler Than George Bush? 211
Drugs in the Electronic Age 212
McLuhan s Influence 212
Some Final Reflections 213
Summary 214
Key Terms and Concepts 215
Key Names 215
Web Links 215
Important Sources on Marshall McLuhan 216
Notes 216
Names Index 217
Subject Index 219
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T11:03:35Z |
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| isbn | 0534545866 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2001045317 |
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| publishDate | 2002 |
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| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| publisher | Wadsworth u.a. |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Wadsworth series in mass communication and journalism |
| spellingShingle | Sparks, Glenn Grayson Media effects research a basic overview Medienwirkungsforschung (DE-588)4123732-8 gnd |
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| title | Media effects research a basic overview |
| title_auth | Media effects research a basic overview |
| title_exact_search | Media effects research a basic overview |
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| title_fullStr | Media effects research a basic overview Glenn G. Sparks |
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