Low income self-employment: work, benefits and living standards
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Aldershot [u.a.]
Avebury
1996
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in cash and care
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007322159&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XIV, 321 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1859722415 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Eardley, Tony |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819253731198238720 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Figures and tables viii
Acknowledgements xiii
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
The research 4
Methods 5
The structure of the book 11
Chapter 2: The resurgence of self employment in the 1980s 13
What is self employment? 14
The rise in aggregate self employment 19
Explanations for the upsurge in self employment in Britain 26
Flows into and out of self employment 28
Women and self employment 31
The attitudes and motivations of self employed people 32
Characteristics of the self employed 35
Disability, health and caring responsibilities 44
Conclusions 48
Chapter 3: The financial circumstances of self employed people 49
Problems in measuring earnings from self employment 50
The incomes of self employed people 64
Conclusions 71
Chapter 4: Who are the low income self employed? 73
The basis of the statistical analysis 74
A profile of the family credit population 75
v
Occupational status 80
Geographical distribution 83
Continuity of claims 8 3
The earnings of family credit recipients 95
Hourly rates of earnings 98
The combined effect of different factors on the level of family
credit awards 101
The impact of family credit on total household incomes 103
Discussion 106
Chapter 5: The working lives of self employed families 111
Routes to current self employment 112
Business organisation 126
The scale of the enterprises 129
Patterns of work activity 135
Labour market participation of spouses and partners 137
The role of self employment for lone parents 143
Families with extra caring responsibilities 145
Additional work input 146
Job creation for employees 148
Summary 149
Chapter 6: Claiming benefits 151
Social insurance and self employment 151
Social protection of the self employed in the European Union 153
Contributory and contingency benefits in the United Kingdom 155
Self employment and means tested benefits 162
Income support 164
Housing benefit and council tax benefits 168
Family credit 172
Use of family credit 183
The role of family credit 186
Disability working allowance 192
Health and education benefits 194
Enterprise Allowance/Business Start Up Scheme 195
Chapter 7: The living standards of self employed people 201
Earnings and other financial resources 204
Other income 214
Savings and capital 220
Housing circumstances 222
vi
Managing and budgeting on low incomes 235
Household possessions and consumer durables 250
Respondents own views of their standards of living 262
Health and illness 265
Looking to the future 268
Summary 270
Chapter 8: Self employment and the role of social security 273
Heterogeneity 274
Family incomes 276
Living standards of self employed families 277
Measuring low incomes 279
The wider context 280
Appendix A: The family credit database 283
How the sample is drawn 283
Primary variables in the family credit sample dataset 284
Appendix B: The methodology of the qualitative studies 289
The selection of families for interviews 289
Interviews 292
Analysis 293
References 295
Index 311
vii
Figures and tables
Figure 2.1 The regional distribution of self employment in Great
Britain 45
Figure 4.1 Self employed family credit recipients, April 1991, by
family type 79
Figure 4.2 Occupational distribution of self employed men and
women, 1989 and recipients of family credit and self
employed earnings, by sex of main earner, 1991 82
Figure 4.3 The distribution of gross main earnings, April 1991, by
employment type: percentages of families with income
falling into £10 banded ranges 97
Figure 4.4 The distribution of total net assessable income, April 1991,
by employment type: percentages of families with income
falling into £10 banded ranges 98
Figure 5.1 Schematic representation of spouses labour market
participation in two parent families engaged in
self employment 142
Table 2.1 Trends in aggregate self employment, Great Britain,
1979 1994 21
Table 2.2 Self employment 1961 to 1991: numbers and percentage
increase over decades 22
viii
Table 2.3 Self employment rates in 1988 and percentage changes
1979 88 in the European Union 23
Table 2.4 Percentage rates of non agricultural self employment in
countries of the European Economic Area, 1979 and 1990 24
Table 2.5 Percentage of average incomes derived from wages, self
employment and other sources in selected Luxembourg
Income Study countries, 1981/2 and mid 1980s 25
Table 2.6 Self employment rates by activity of spouse, 1989,
(married or cohabiting people in employment only) 39
Table 2.7 Proportion of the population self employed, by ethnic
origin 41
Table 2.8 Self employment trends, by industrial sector, Great
Britain, June 1979 1993 43
Table 3.1 Self employed people with earnings below the tax and
national insurance thresholds, Great Britain, 1990 91 67
Table 4.1 Analysis of caseload and numbers of children per family
by employment status and family type, 30 April 1991 75
Table 4.2 Percentage of family credit and family income supplement
recipients with awards based on incomes from self
employment, by family type, 1981 1991 77
Table 4.3 Percentage of family credit recipients of given family
type and employment status with different lengths of time
in continuous receipt of benefit: 30 April 1991 84
Table 4.4 Mean levels of weekly family credit award, 30 April
1989 91, by employment status and family type 86
Table 4.5 The distribution of weekly family credit awards at 30 April
1991, by employment status; numbers and percentages 87
ix
Table 4.6 Family credit awards to self employed families as a ratio of
awards to employed families, 30 April 1991, controlling for
numbers and ages of children, by family type 89
Table 4.7 Mean hours worked by family credit recipients at 30 April
1991, by employment status and family type 91
Table 4.8 Mean levels of net income derived from different sources
of families receiving family credit at 30 April 1991, by
employment status and family type: £ per week 93
Table 4.9 Mean percentage of total assessable household income of
family credit recipients derived from net main earnings,
by family type and employment status, April 1991 95
Table 4.10 Mean gross main earnings of family credit recipients,
April 1991, by employment and family type: £ per week 96
Table 4.11 Mean estimated hourly rates of gross earnings of family
credit recipients at 30 April 1991, by employment and
family type: £ per week 99
Table 4.12 Contribution of factors to difference in family credit for
self employed and employed families: regression analysis 102
Table 4.13 Total net family income of family credit recipients, at
31 March 1991, compared with income support levels:
percentage distribution of recipients into banded ratios
of income to IS rates 105
Table 5.1 Occupations of main or only breadwinner at last
application for family credit 113
Table 5.2 Work and participation in self employed enterprises
by spouses of 48 self employed men 139
Table 6.1 Receipt of means tested benefits by self employed
people in Great Britain 163
Table 7.1 Occupations of main earner in families in the living
standards study 203
x
Table 7.2 Net earnings of main employed and self employed
persons 210
Table 7.3 Range of mortgage payments made by self employed
and employed owner occupiers (£ per week) 229
Table 7.4 Estimated housing equity of self employed and
employed owner occupiers 231
Table 7.5 Consumer durables: comparison of data from the study
groups with those from national surveys 252
xi
|
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| id | DE-604.BV010948063 |
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T10:03:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1859722415 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIV, 321 S. graph. Darst. |
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| series2 | Studies in cash and care |
| spellingShingle | Eardley, Tony Corden, Anne Low income self-employment work, benefits and living standards Lage-inkomensgroepen gtt Zelfstandigen gtt Self-employed Great Britain Small business Great Britain Familienhilfe (DE-588)4123183-1 gnd Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd Selbstständiger (DE-588)4121654-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4123183-1 (DE-588)4031031-0 (DE-588)4121654-4 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Low income self-employment work, benefits and living standards |
| title_auth | Low income self-employment work, benefits and living standards |
| title_exact_search | Low income self-employment work, benefits and living standards |
| title_full | Low income self-employment work, benefits and living standards Tony Eardley ; Anne Corden |
| title_fullStr | Low income self-employment work, benefits and living standards Tony Eardley ; Anne Corden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low income self-employment work, benefits and living standards Tony Eardley ; Anne Corden |
| title_short | Low income self-employment |
| title_sort | low income self employment work benefits and living standards |
| title_sub | work, benefits and living standards |
| topic | Lage-inkomensgroepen gtt Zelfstandigen gtt Self-employed Great Britain Small business Great Britain Familienhilfe (DE-588)4123183-1 gnd Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd Selbstständiger (DE-588)4121654-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lage-inkomensgroepen Zelfstandigen Self-employed Great Britain Small business Great Britain Familienhilfe Klein- und Mittelbetrieb Selbstständiger Großbritannien |
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