For the sake of the argument: Ramsey test conditionals, inductive inference, and nonmonotonic reasoning
In arguing that the distinction between belief contravening and inductive nonmonotonicity plays a far greater role in deliberation and decision than it is given credit for, this major study will be required reading for all philosophers and logicians concerned with conditionals, decision theory, and...
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1996
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam026/95002436.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam024/95002436.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007123960&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Zusammenfassung: | In arguing that the distinction between belief contravening and inductive nonmonotonicity plays a far greater role in deliberation and decision than it is given credit for, this major study will be required reading for all philosophers and logicians concerned with conditionals, decision theory, and inductive inference. It will also interest those in artificial intelligence who work on expert systems, default reasoning, and nonmonotonic reasoning |
| Abstract: | This book by one of the world's foremost philosophers in the fields of epistemology and logic offers an account of suppositional reasoning relevant to practical deliberation, explanation, prediction, and hypothesis testing. Suppositions made "for the sake of the argument" sometimes conflict with our beliefs, and when they do, some beliefs are rejected and others retained. Thanks to such hypothetical belief contravention, adding content to a supposition can undermine conclusions reached without it. Subversion can also arise because suppositional reasoning is ampliative. These two types of nonmonotonicity are the focus of this book. A detailed comparison of nonmonotonicity appropriate to both belief-contravening and ampliative suppositional reasoning reveals important differences that have been overlooked |
| Umfang: | XV, 341 S. |
| ISBN: | 0521497132 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a This book by one of the world's foremost philosophers in the fields of epistemology and logic offers an account of suppositional reasoning relevant to practical deliberation, explanation, prediction, and hypothesis testing. Suppositions made "for the sake of the argument" sometimes conflict with our beliefs, and when they do, some beliefs are rejected and others retained. Thanks to such hypothetical belief contravention, adding content to a supposition can undermine conclusions reached without it. Subversion can also arise because suppositional reasoning is ampliative. These two types of nonmonotonicity are the focus of this book. A detailed comparison of nonmonotonicity appropriate to both belief-contravening and ampliative suppositional reasoning reveals important differences that have been overlooked | |
| 520 | |a In arguing that the distinction between belief contravening and inductive nonmonotonicity plays a far greater role in deliberation and decision than it is given credit for, this major study will be required reading for all philosophers and logicians concerned with conditionals, decision theory, and inductive inference. It will also interest those in artificial intelligence who work on expert systems, default reasoning, and nonmonotonic reasoning | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819268562918834176 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | For the Sake
of the Argument
Ramsey Test Conditionals, Inductive
Inference, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning
ISAAC LEVI
Columbia University
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
Preface xi
1 Introduction 1
1 1 Supposing and Believing 1
1 2 Supposition and Conditionals 8
1 3 Belief-Contravening and Inductive Nonmonotonicity 15
2 Unextended Ramsey Tests 18
2 1 Contractions 18
2 2 Revisions for Ramsey Tests 27
2 3 Informational-Value-Based Ramsey Tests 34
2 4 Consistent Expandability and Preservation 40
2 5 Consensus-Based Ramsey Tests 42
2 6 Attitudes, Their Representations, and Manifestations 43
2 7 Conditionals and Hypotheticals 46
3 Modality without Modal Ontology 51
3 1 Truth, Information, and Full Belief 51
3 2 Are Judgments of Serious Possibility Truth Valued? 53
3 3 Truth and Probability 55
3 4 Conditional Judgments of Possibility 57
3 5 Reduction of Acceptance of Conditionals to Full Belief 58
3 6 Trivializing the Ramsey Test 60
3 7 Iteration 69
3 8 Imaging 74
3 9 Conclusion 82
4 Aspects of Conditional Logic 84
4 1 Logical Principles • 84
4 2 Validity in the Logic of Conditionals 88
4 3 Logic of Noniterated Ramsey Test Conditionals 101
4 4 The Demise of Modus Ponens 105
4 5 Undermining and Undercutting 112
4 6 Reasoning from Suppositions 113
vii
viii Contents
5 Nonmonotonicity in Belief Change
and Suppositional Reasoning 120
5 1 Inference and Transformation of Belief States 120
5 2 Expansive Transformations 127
5 3 Monotonic and Nonmonotonic Expansive
Transformations 132
5 4 Nonmonotonic Inferences 136
5 5 Inductively Extended Ramsey Tests 141
5 6 Ampliativity 142
5 7 Ampliativity and Inclusion 146
5 8 Nonmonotonicity and Restricted Weakening 151
5 9 Monotonicity, Undermining, and Undercutting 154
5 10 Ampliativity and Nonmonotonicity 158
6 Inductive Expansion 160
6 1 Expansion and Context 160
6 2 Potential Answers 161
6 3 New Error-Free Information 165
6 4 Freedom from Error 166
6 5 Informational Value 167
6 6 Boldness and Inductive Expansion 171
6 7 Inductively Extended Belief Revision Systems 173
6 8 High Probability, Partition Sensitivity,
Deductive Closure 176
6 9 Belief and Disbelief 180
6 10 Bookkeeping 188
6 11 What Is Left of Conditional Logic? 191
6 12 Induction as a Generalization of Deduction 193
Appendix 195
7 Defaults 200
7 1 Defaults and Nonmonotonic Implication 200
7 2 What Is a Default? 207
7 3 Simple Normal Defaults and Nonmonotonicity 214
7 4 The Default Assumption 216
7 5 Foundationalism 223
7 6 Foundationalism and Defaults 227
7 7 Defaults and Bookkeeping 229
7 8 Defaults and Partition Sensitivity 230
8 Matters of Degree 234
8 1 Default Conclusions as Degrees of Belief 234
8 2 Probability as Maximizing Support 239
Contents ix
8 3 Probability as Satisficing Support 243
8 4 Satisncing Support as a Shackle Measure 256
8 5 Degrees of Incorrigibility 261
9 Normality and Expectation 269
9 1 Defaults and Normal Worlds 269
9 2 Expectations and Inductive Expansion 278
9 3 Probability-Based Induction 285
10 Agents and Automata 289
Notes 292
Bibliography 326
Name Index 333
Subject Index 335
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Levi, Isaac 1930-2018 |
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| callnumber-first | B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion |
| callnumber-label | BC183 |
| callnumber-raw | BC183.L48 1996 |
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| dewey-ones | 160 - Philosophical logic |
| dewey-raw | 160 160 20 |
| dewey-search | 160 160 20 |
| dewey-sort | 3160 |
| dewey-tens | 160 - Philosophical logic |
| discipline | Philosophie |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV010675170 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T09:58:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521497132 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XV, 341 S. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
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| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
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| spellingShingle | Levi, Isaac 1930-2018 For the sake of the argument Ramsey test conditionals, inductive inference, and nonmonotonic reasoning Condities (logica) gtt Conditionnels (logique) ram Hypothèse ram Inductie (logica) gtt Induction (logique) ram Inférence ram Monotonie (wiskunde) gtt Raisonnement ram Hypothesis Commonsense reasoning Conditionals (Logic) Induction (Logic) Inference Nonmonotonic reasoning Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd Hypothese (DE-588)4161152-4 gnd Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002899-9 (DE-588)4161152-4 (DE-588)4036202-4 |
| title | For the sake of the argument Ramsey test conditionals, inductive inference, and nonmonotonic reasoning |
| title_auth | For the sake of the argument Ramsey test conditionals, inductive inference, and nonmonotonic reasoning |
| title_exact_search | For the sake of the argument Ramsey test conditionals, inductive inference, and nonmonotonic reasoning |
| title_full | For the sake of the argument Ramsey test conditionals, inductive inference, and nonmonotonic reasoning Isaac Levi |
| title_fullStr | For the sake of the argument Ramsey test conditionals, inductive inference, and nonmonotonic reasoning Isaac Levi |
| title_full_unstemmed | For the sake of the argument Ramsey test conditionals, inductive inference, and nonmonotonic reasoning Isaac Levi |
| title_short | For the sake of the argument |
| title_sort | for the sake of the argument ramsey test conditionals inductive inference and nonmonotonic reasoning |
| title_sub | Ramsey test conditionals, inductive inference, and nonmonotonic reasoning |
| topic | Condities (logica) gtt Conditionnels (logique) ram Hypothèse ram Inductie (logica) gtt Induction (logique) ram Inférence ram Monotonie (wiskunde) gtt Raisonnement ram Hypothesis Commonsense reasoning Conditionals (Logic) Induction (Logic) Inference Nonmonotonic reasoning Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd Hypothese (DE-588)4161152-4 gnd Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Condities (logica) Conditionnels (logique) Hypothèse Inductie (logica) Induction (logique) Inférence Monotonie (wiskunde) Raisonnement Hypothesis Commonsense reasoning Conditionals (Logic) Induction (Logic) Inference Nonmonotonic reasoning Argumentation Hypothese Logik |
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